scholarly journals What Remains to Be Discovered?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Pavel Nováček
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Health ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
Potential Contact ◽  
Science And Faith

What major scientific breakthroughs will occur in the rest of the 21st century? We can hardly imagine what discoveries await us in the fields of physics, biology, human health, or artificial intelligence. Every time people think that everything has already been discovered, there occurs another breakthrough. However, it is impossible to predict specifically when and what it will be. Among the most promising challenges on the border between science and our imaginations, is an exploration of our universe, and potential contact with an extra-terrestrial civilisation, better understanding of space, time, matter, and energy (including “dark matter” and “dark energy”) and, of course, the “unthinkable” potential of the human brain. It seems that what may never be discovered is scientific evidence of life after death. This is not found on the border between science and our fantasy (imagination), but on the border between science and faith.

POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES OF THE STEADY STATE AND BIG BANG THEORIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wick Rotation ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
The Big Bang

This novel hypothesis uses mathematics in the form of topology. The goal: to establish a “proof of concept” to which equations can be added, by anyone. It’s concluded the Steady State, Big Bang, Inflation and Multiverse theories all ultimately fail and a topological model including bits (binary digits), Mobius strips, figure-8 Klein bottles and Wick rotation works better. The failed cosmologies have impressive good points leading to the idea that they’re all necessary stepping-stones. For example, the Big Bang is seen here as violation of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics but its supposed origin from quantum fluctuations is reminiscent of bits switching between 1 and 0. The topological hypothesis has potential to explain dark matter (DM), dark energy (DE) and electromagnetic-gravitational union. This model predicts (1) the universe’s nature is binary and topological, (2) antigravitons are the quanta of dark energy, (3) dark energy has no connection with the expanding universe since there never was, nor will be, expansion or contraction (dark energy comprises dark matter – in some dimensions, dark matter’s being composed of dark energy will follow DE=DMc^2: in others, it won’t), (4) immortality, and (5) imprints in the Cosmic Microwave Background from gravitational waves will oneday be detected unambiguously and not interpreted as evidence of inflation. The article “post-dicts” Special Relativity’s time dilation as well as existence of both curvature and flatness in space-time. Finally, the article introduces what is called vector-tensor-scalar geometry - and extensions of Einstein's Gravity and Maxwell's Electromagnetism.

Effective masses in a dense fermion background — Applied to neutrinos, dark matter and dark energy

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 1444010
Author(s):  
Bruce H. J. McKellar ◽  
T. J. Goldman ◽  
G. J. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Effective Masses ◽  
Neutrino Astrophysics

If fermions interact with a scalar field, and there are many fermions present the scalar field may develop an expectation value and generate an effective mass for the fermions. This can lead to the formation of fermion clusters, which could be relevant for neutrino astrophysics and for dark matter astrophysics. Because this system may exhibit negative pressure, it also leads to a model of dark energy.

scholarly journals Long- and Short-Term Conductance Control of Artificial Polymer Wire Synapses

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Naruki Hagiwara ◽  
Shoma Sekizaki ◽  
Yuji Kuwahara ◽  
Tetsuya Asai ◽  
Megumi Akai-Kasaya
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Synaptic Functions ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Artificial Brain ◽  
External Stimuli

Networks in the human brain are extremely complex and sophisticated. The abstract model of the human brain has been used in software development, specifically in artificial intelligence. Despite the remarkable outcomes achieved using artificial intelligence, the approach consumes a huge amount of computational resources. A possible solution to this issue is the development of processing circuits that physically resemble an artificial brain, which can offer low-energy loss and high-speed processing. This study demonstrated the synaptic functions of conductive polymer wires linking arbitrary electrodes in solution. By controlling the conductance of the wires, synaptic functions such as long-term potentiation and short-term plasticity were achieved, which are similar to the manner in which a synapse changes the strength of its connections. This novel organic artificial synapse can be used to construct information-processing circuits by wiring from scratch and learning efficiently in response to external stimuli.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Research

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ryuji Hamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Human Genome Project ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
The Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003 by an international consortium, is considered one of the most important achievements for mankind in the 21st century [...]

Dark Matter and Dark Energy from the solution of the strong CP problem

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Mainini ◽  
Loris Colombo ◽  
Silvio Bonometto
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy

Dark matter as dark energy

2003 ◽  
Vol 568 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi R Khuri
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy

scholarly journals FORMATION OF DARK MATTER HALOES IN A HOMOGENEOUS DARK ENERGY UNIVERSE

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (08n10) ◽  
pp. 1397-1403
Author(s):  
L. MARASSI
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Dark Energy Component ◽  
Standard Press

Several independent cosmological tests have shown evidences that the energy density of the universe is dominated by a dark energy component, which causes the present accelerated expansion. The large scale structure formation can be used to probe dark energy models, and the mass function of dark matter haloes is one of the best statistical tools to perform this study. We present here a statistical analysis of mass functions of galaxies under a homogeneous dark energy model, proposed in the work of Percival (2005), using an observational flux-limited X-ray cluster survey, and CMB data from WMAP. We compare, in our analysis, the standard Press–Schechter (PS) approach (where a Gaussian distribution is used to describe the primordial density fluctuation field of the mass function), and the PL (power–law) mass function (where we apply a non-extensive q-statistical distribution to the primordial density field). We conclude that the PS mass function cannot explain at the same time the X-ray and the CMB data (even at 99% confidence level), and the PS best fit dark energy equation of state parameter is ω = -0.58, which is distant from the cosmological constant case. The PL mass function provides better fits to the HIFLUGCS X-ray galaxy data and the CMB data; we also note that the ω parameter is very sensible to modifications in the PL free parameter, q, suggesting that the PL mass function could be a powerful tool to constrain dark energy models.

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