Harmonisation of multi-site MRS data with ComBat

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique used to measure brain chemistry in vivo and has been used to study the healthy brain as well as neuropathology in numerous neurological disorders. The number of multi-site studies using MRS are increasing; however, non-biological variability introduced during data collection across multiple sites, such as differences in scanner vendors and site-specific acquisition implementations for MRS, can obscure detection of biological effects of interest. ComBat is a data harmonisation technique that can remove non-biological sources of variance in multisite studies. It has been validated for use with structural and functional MRI metrics but not for MRS metabolites. This study investigated the validity of using ComBat to harmonize MRS metabolites for vendor and site differences. Analyses were performed using data acquired across 20 sites and included edited MRS for GABA+ (N=218) and macromolecule-suppressed GABA data (N=209), as well as standard PRESS data to quantify NAA, creatine, choline, and glutamate (N=195). ComBat harmonisation successfully mitigated vendor and site differences for all metabolites of interest. Moreover, significant associations were detected between sex and choline levels and between age and glutamate and GABA+ levels that were not detectable prior to harmonisation, confirming the importance of removing site and vendor effects in multi-site data. In conclusion, ComBat harmonisation can be successfully applied to MRS data in multi-site MRS studies.

Inovasi Media Online Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Media Massa Di Kota Bengkulu

The aim of his study is to know innovation communication and innovation as the process of renewal, utilization, development by creating new things different from before. Innovation also can be interpreted new invention in technology or ability in introducing new findings different from pre-existing. Broadly speaking the mass media is divided into three namely print media, audited electronic media, and audio-visual electronic media. Online media is an online journalistic product that is defined as reporting facts or events that are produced and distributed over the internet. This study uses qualitative method that produces descriptive data of how the words written or oral from observation and observation techniques of data collection conducted through an observation with the recording of the state or behavior of the target object, methodologically the reason for observation user is the observation optimizing the ability of the writer in terms of motives, beliefs, attention, unconscious behaviors and habits and the media can be interpreted with the tool channel while online term materials in the internet which means an information that can be accessed with internet network. The result conducted that the next researcher will discuss from the analysis conducted can be seen that Online Media Innovation in Facing Mass media Competition in Bengkulu City. Communication Planning Innovation is used as a guide for online media, especially bengkulunews.co.id become reference for important online media innovation in facing mass media of Bengkulu City. Cyber media in Indonesia are also part of freedom of speech, freedom of expression and freedom of the Press. Cyber media is any form of media that uses inlet and carry out the activities of journalism, and meet the Press Law and standard press companies in the set.

FORMATION OF DARK MATTER HALOES IN A HOMOGENEOUS DARK ENERGY UNIVERSE

Several independent cosmological tests have shown evidences that the energy density of the universe is dominated by a dark energy component, which causes the present accelerated expansion. The large scale structure formation can be used to probe dark energy models, and the mass function of dark matter haloes is one of the best statistical tools to perform this study. We present here a statistical analysis of mass functions of galaxies under a homogeneous dark energy model, proposed in the work of Percival (2005), using an observational flux-limited X-ray cluster survey, and CMB data from WMAP. We compare, in our analysis, the standard Press–Schechter (PS) approach (where a Gaussian distribution is used to describe the primordial density fluctuation field of the mass function), and the PL (power–law) mass function (where we apply a non-extensive q-statistical distribution to the primordial density field). We conclude that the PS mass function cannot explain at the same time the X-ray and the CMB data (even at 99% confidence level), and the PS best fit dark energy equation of state parameter is ω = -0.58, which is distant from the cosmological constant case. The PL mass function provides better fits to the HIFLUGCS X-ray galaxy data and the CMB data; we also note that the ω parameter is very sensible to modifications in the PL free parameter, q, suggesting that the PL mass function could be a powerful tool to constrain dark energy models.

Memoria y olvido de una ministra anarquista

Este artículo analiza como la imagen histórica de Federica Montseny ha ido variando con el paso del tiempo. Para dicho análisis se utiliza una doble óptica: por un lado, la visión que nos aportan, a través de sus memorias, sus compañeros libertarios; y por otro, como es tratada, esa imagen, por la empresa publicista.This article analyses Federica Montseny's historical image which has changed throughout time. A double point of view is used to do it: On one, hand the visión that her anarchist colleagues provide thorugh their memories, and on the other hand, we can see the way that her image has been treated by the standard press.

Rapid Electromagnetic Induction Bonding of Composites, Plastics, & Metals

ABSTRACTA rapid electromagnetic induction bonding system has been developed that joins composites, plastics, metals, and combinations of these materials. The equipment is self-contained, low power (100–400 watts) and portable. Gangs of bonders have been used as a seem welder to rapidly join plastic reinforced composite and sheet metal. Structures can be bonded in a factory or in the field. Bonding times for laboratory specimens have been cut by a factor of 10 to 100 times compared to standard press or autoclave bonding. This type of equipment allows for applying heat directly to the bond lines and/or the adherends without heating the entire structure, supports, and fixtures of a bonding assembly.The bonder's portability and low power requirements allow for its use on site in any type of climate with power supplied by a variety of portable sources.