scholarly journals Using 3D computed tomography in the anatomical description of the eye and the vestibulocochlear organ of a blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna Linnaeus, 1758) and of a toucan (Ramphastos toco Statius Muller, 1776)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Catia Helena de Almeida Lima Massari ◽  
Adriano Ferreira Silva ◽  
Henrique Inhauser Riceti Magalhães ◽  
Dara Rúbia Souza Silva ◽  
Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Maximum Intensity Projection ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Good Technique ◽  
Anatomic Information

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Computed Tomography to study the anatomy of the eye and the vestibulocochlear organ of the wild birds. For this purpose, formaldehyde-embalmed specimens of a toucan and of a blue-and-yellow macaw were submitted to a whole-body scan by a 64 slice-Multidetector CT yielding 0,7mm-thick transversally oriented images. These were reconstructed by specific software that produced additional images in dorsal, transversal, and sagittal planes, as well as three-dimensional images, which were obtained by two techniques: Maximum Intensity Projection and Volume Rendering. Our study found that the eye bulbs in the orbit occupy a proportionally large space in the skull, highlighting the important role that vision plays in these animals. CT provided gross anatomic information about the size and shape of the eye, such as lenses and scleral rings of these birds. Regarding the vestibulocochlear organ, CT was less likely to identify the inner ear structures, especially the ones of the membranous labyrinth. The bony semicircular canals were clearly seen and in the middle ear, thecolumellawas identified. Our results demonstrate that the vestibulocochlear organ of birds is less complex than that of mammals, although, as expected, the semicircular canals are very well developed, being adapted to the accurate balance present in these animals.CT can be used as a good technique to evaluate eye and ear structures on these birds, and can be useful to study them in vivofor pathological conditions or for comparisons between different species.

Imaging of Vascular Injuries of the Extremities

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Kawakyu-O'Connor ◽  
Mariano Scalgione ◽  
Refky Nicola
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Maximum Intensity Projection ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Active Hemorrhage ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities

Multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) of the upper and lower extremities is the standard of care in the assessment of trauma patients with vascular trauma of the upper and lower extremities. A MDCTA of the extremities is typically integrated into multiphasic whole-body computed tomography trauma protocols in patients with suspected vascular injury. MDCTA has replaced catheter-directed digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the modality of choice for the initial detection and characterization of vascular injuries because it is readily available, noninvasive, and faster than DSA. Understanding the imaging findings and pitfalls of upper and lower extremity MDCTA is essential in the diagnosis of vascular injuries such as active hemorrhage, vasospasm and stenosis, hematoma, occlusion and thrombosis, posttraumatic arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm, and patterns of intimal injury including dissection. We discuss the diagnosis and characterization of vascular injuries of the upper and lower extremities using MDCTA including derived multiplanar reconstructions, maximum intensity projection, and three-dimensional volume rendering techniques.

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Inner Ear

1988 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Jackler ◽  
William P. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Ear Malformations

The majority of temporal bone radiographic studies are obtained either for middle ear and mastoid disease or in the evaluation of retrocochlear pathology. With recent technologic advances, diagnostic imaging of the inner ear has developed an increasing role in the evaluation and management of diseases that affect the cochlea, semicircular canals, and the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) provides excellent detail of the osseous labyrinth, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates images derived from the membranous labyrinth and its associated neural elements. Optimal techniques for obtaining high quality CT and MRI images of the normal and diseased inner ear are presented. CT has proved useful in the evaluation of inner ear malformations, cochlear otosclerosis, labyrinthine fistulization from cholesteatoma, translabyrinthine fractures, otic capsule osteodystrophies, in the assessment of cochlear patency before cochlear implantation, and in the localization of prosthetic devices such as stapes wires and cochlear implants. While MRI produces discernible images of the soft tissue and fluid components of the inner ear, it has yet to demonstrate any unique advantages in the evaluation of inner ear disease. However, MRI produces excellent and highly useful images of the audiovestibular and facial nerves, cerebellopontine angle, and brain.

Three-dimensional study of vestibular anatomy as it relates to the stapes footplate and its clinical implications: an augmented reality development

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (03) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Mukherjee ◽  
K Cheng ◽  
I Curthoys
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Stapes Footplate ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractBackgroundThe anatomy of the membranous labyrinth within the vestibule has direct implications for surgical intervention. The anatomy of the otoliths has been studied, but there is limited information regarding their supporting connective tissue structures such as the membrana limitans in humans.MethodsOne guinea pig and 17 cadaveric human temporal bones were scanned using micro computed tomography, after staining with 2 per cent osmium tetroxide and preservation with Karnovsky's solution, with a resolution from 1 µm to 55 µm. The data were analysed using VGStudio Max software, rendered in three-dimensions and published in augmented reality.ResultsIn 50 per cent of ears, the membrana limitans attached directly to the postero-superior part of the stapes footplate. If attachments were present in one ear, they were present bilaterally in 100 per cent of cases.ConclusionMicro computed tomography imaging allowed three-dimensional assessment of the inner ear. Such assessments are important as they influence the surgical intervention and the evolution of future innovations.

Postprocessing in Maxillofacial Multidetector Computed Tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Mazziotti ◽  
Alfredo Blandino ◽  
Michele Gaeta ◽  
Antonio Bottari ◽  
Carmelo Sofia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Surface Display ◽  
Maximum Intensity Projection ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Volumetric Rendering ◽  
Rendering Techniques

Multidetector computed tomography (CT) and volumetric rendering techniques have always been a useful support for the anatomical and pathological study of the maxillofacial district. Nowadays accessibility to multidetector CT scanners allows the achievement of images with an extremely thin collimation and with high spatial resolution, not only along the axial plane but also along the patient's longitudinal axis. This feature is the main theoretical assumption for multiplanar imaging and for an optimal 3-dimensional postprocessing. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) techniques permit images along any plane in the space to be obtained, including curved planes; this feature allows the representation in a single bidimensional image of different anatomical structures that develop on multiple planes. For this reason MPR techniques represent an unavoidable step for the study of traumatic pathology as well as of malformative, neoplastic, and inflammatory pathologies. Among 3-dimensional techniques, Maximum Intensity Projection and Shaded Surface Display are routinely used in clinical practice. In addition, volumetric rendering techniques allow a better efficacy in representing the different tissues of maxillofacial district. Each of these techniques give the radiologist an undoubted support for the diagnosis and the characterization of traumatic and malformative conditions, have a critical utility in the neoplastic evaluation of primary or secondary bone involvement, and are also used in the planning of the most modern radiosurgical treatments. The aim of this article is to define the main technical aspects of imaging postprocessing in maxillofacial CT and to summarize when each technique is indicated, according to the different pathologies of this complex anatomical district.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Human Semicircular Canals and Measurement of Each Membranous Canal Plane Defined by Reid's Stereotactic Coordinates

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 934-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Hashimoto ◽  
Hideaki Naganuma ◽  
Koji Tokumasu ◽  
Akihiko Itoh ◽  
Makito Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Objectives: Equations for estimating the planar relationships of the human semicircular canals were devised by Blanks et al from a dissected bony labyrinth in a human skull. However, a similar study on the membranous semicircular canal planes has never been published. Methods: In this study, the angle between each membranous canal plane and Reid's stereotactic horizontal plane was measured on serial histologic sections of 7 temporal bones from Japanese adults. We reconstructed the 3 semicircular canals by computer-aided 3-dimensional analysis. The angles between each pair of both bony and membranous canal planes were measured. Results: In the bony labyrinth, the angles between the 2 canal planes of the lateral-anterior, anterior-posterior, and lateral-posterior pairs were 90.51° ± 2.98° (mean ± SD), 91.70° ± 1.85°, and 94.52° ± 3.32°, respectively. The angles between the 2 membranous canal planes of the lateral-anterior, anterior-posterior, and lateral-posterior pairs were 90.05° ± 4.74°, 91.03° ± 2.93°, and 91.92° ± 5.22°, respectively. Conclusions: The data from our study of the membranous labyrinth showed that the angles between each canal plane and the others were much closer to 90° than was found by Blanks et al for the bony labyrinth.

Whole-Body Three-Dimensional Multidetector CT of 13 Egyptian Human Mummies

2003 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cesarani ◽  
Maria Cristina Martina ◽  
Andrea Ferraris ◽  
Renato Grilletto ◽  
Rosa Boano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Whole Body

scholarly journals Assessing Inner Ear Volumetric Measurements by Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Imaging of High-Resolution Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 2178-2184
Author(s):  
Jan Hiller ◽  
Nour-Eldin Abdelrehim Nour-Eldin ◽  
Tatjana Gruber-Rouh ◽  
Iris Burck ◽  
Marc Harth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Volumetric Measurements

AbstractThe aim of the study was to obtain volumetric data of the components of the inner ear using three-dimensional reconstruction of high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Two hundred three CBCT image series of the temporal bone from 118 anatomically normal patients (55 women and 63 men; mean age: 49.4 ± 20.4 years) with different suspected disorders were included in this study. Normative volumetric measurements of the inner ear, the cochlea, the semicircular canals (SSC), and the vestibule were determined using a semi-automated reconstruction method of the Workstation. Volumetric measurements were successfully completed in all 118 patients. Mean inner ear, cochlear, and vestibule volumes were statistically significantly larger in males than in females on both sides (p < 0.001). Regarding the semicircular canals, no statistically significant (p = 0.053) volume difference was found. The difference between the volumes on both sides was not significant. No correlation between the patient’s age and the volume of the compartments was seen (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between mean bony inner ear volumes when the clinical diagnoses were compared (p > 0.05 for all clinical diagnoses and volumes). Our study concluded that three-dimensional reconstruction and assessment of the volumetric measurements of the inner ear can be obtained using high-resolution CBCT imaging.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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