Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong You ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Guangjiong Qin ◽  
JinPeng Yang ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

scholarly journals Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure–Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Odintsova ◽  
Larisa Shcherbakova ◽  
Marina Slezina ◽  
Tatyana Pasechnik ◽  
Bakhyt Kartabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Structure Function Relationship ◽  
Function Relationship

Hevein-like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) comprise a family of plant AMPs with antifungal activity, which harbor a chitin-binding site involved in interactions with chitin of fungal cell walls. However, the mode of action of hevein-like AMPs remains poorly understood. This work reports the structure–function relationship in WAMPs—hevein-like AMPs found in wheat (Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.) and later in other Poaceae species. The effect of WAMP homologues differing at position 34 and the antifungal activity of peptide fragments derived from the central, N- and C-terminal regions of one of the WAMPs, namely WAMP-2, on spore germination of different plant pathogenic fungi were studied. Additionally, the ability of WAMP-2-derived peptides to potentiate the fungicidal effect of tebuconazole, one of the triazole fungicides, towards five cereal-damaging fungi was explored in vitro by co-application of WAMP-2 fragments with Folicur® EC 250 (25% tebuconazole). The antifungal activity of WAMP homologues and WAMP-2-derived peptides varied depending on the fungus, suggesting multiple modes of action for WAMPs against diverse pathogens. Folicur® combined with the WAMP-2 fragments inhibited the spore germination at a much greater level than the fungicide alone, and the type of interactions was either synergistic or additive, depending on the target fungus and concentration combinations of the compounds. The combinations, which resulted in synergism and drastically enhanced the sensitivity to tebuconazole, were revealed for all five fungi by a checkerboard assay. The ability to synergistically interact with a fungicide and exacerbate the sensitivity of plant pathogenic fungi to a commercial antifungal agent is a novel and previously uninvestigated property of hevein-like AMPs.

Postinfectional inhibitors from plants. XXIII. Sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins from fruit capsules of Datura stramonium

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward ◽  
C. H. Unwin ◽  
G. L. Rock ◽  
A. Stoessl
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Column Chromatographic

Datura stramonium fruit capsules inoculated with Monilinia fructicola or several other non-pathogenic fungi produced diffusates inhibitory to M. fructicola in spore germination assays. Detailed analysis of diffusates that are induced by M. fructicola indicated that they were complex and that antifungal activity was widely distributed through a number of column chromatographic fractions. Four compounds were isolated. These were sesquiterpenes, three of which, lubimin, hydroxylubimin, and capsidiol, have been described from other Solanaceae. The fourth, 2,3-dihydroxygermacrene, is a new compound with moderate antifungal activity but which is of especial interest as a possible precursor of several phytoalexins in the Solanaceae.

Extraction and Purification of Anthocyanins from Sorbus Pohuashanensis Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Kai Kai ◽  
Tu Lijun ◽  
Sun Hanju ◽  
Zhang Pingping ◽  
Lou Qiuyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Macroporous Resins ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Elution Rate

The aim of this study was to isolate anthocyanins from Sorbus pohuashanensis. Anthocyanins were extracted from Sorbus pohuashanensis using enzyme hydrolysis and were further purified using macroporous resins. The optimal extraction con�ditions were investigated using single-factor experiments and an orthogonal experiment, respectively. The extraction yield was 15.33 � 0.05% under optimal conditions of pH 3.0, pectinase 0.15%, 50�C and 2.5 h. Subsequently, three types of macroporous resins, namely D101, D201, D301R, were in turn applied to purify anthocyanins by adsorption and elution. The D101 resin showed an adsorption rate of 93.75% and an elution rate of 45.33%. The best elution parameters were at 25�C, 85% ethanol, and pH 4.0 to achieve a purity of 61.93%. This study provided an efficient, sustainable, low-cost anthocyanin extraction method.

scholarly journals Chemical Profile, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity Assessment of the Crude Extract and Its Main Flavonoids from Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Lingyun Zhong ◽  
Yuji Lin ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Bei Niu ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value

The purpose of this study was to investigate the major flavonoids content and bioactivities of Tartary buckwheat sprouts. The crude methanol extract (ME) of Tartary buckwheat sprouts was abundant in flavonoids, and six major flavonoids, including isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, rutin, quercetin, and kaemferol were successfully determined from the sprouts by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Generally, the flavonoid content of buckwheat sprouts was in the order of rutin > quercetin > isovitexin > vitexin> isoorientin > kaemferol. The highest rutin content of the ME and sprout cultures was 89.81 mg/g and 31.50 mg/g, respectively. Antibacterial activity results indicated the ME displayed notable inhibitory activity against the five tested bacteria, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.8 mg/mL to 3.2 mg/mL. Among the six flavonoids, quercetin was the most active compound, which exhibited strong activity against all tested bacteria except for E. coli and S. epidermidis, with its MIC values ranging from 0.2 mg/mL to 0.4 mg/mL. For the antifungal activity assay, the ME of Tartary buckwheat sprouts and four flavonoids could significantly inhibit the spore germination of two pathogenic fungi, and their inhibitory efficiency was concentration dependent. Quercetin was the most active one, which significantly inhibited the spore germination of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, and its median effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 42.36 and 32.85 µg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity results showed that quercetin, kaemferol, and rutin displayed excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging test, and their IC50 value was calculated as 5.60, 16.23, and 27.95 µg/mL, respectively. This is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of Tartary buckwheat sprouts. These results indicated that the methanol extract of Tartary buckwheat sprouts could be used as a potential antimicrobial or antioxidant agent in the future.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Thimerosal against Ocular Pathogenic Fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Guangren Pang ◽  
Dongqing Zhao ◽  
Chuanwen Gao ◽  
Lutan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Fungal Isolates

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of thimerosal versus those of amphotericin B and natamycin was assessed against 244 ocular fungal isolates. The activity of thimerosal against Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Alternaria alternata was 256 times, 512 times, and 128 times, respectively, greater than that of natamycin and 64 times, 32 times, and 32 times, respectively, greater than that of amphotericin B. Thimerosal's antifungal activity was significantly superior to those of amphotericin B and natamycin against ocular pathogenic fungi in vitro.

Antifungal activity of anacardic acid, a naturally occurring derivative of salicylic acid

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Prithiviraj ◽  
U. P. Singh ◽  
M. Manickam ◽  
A. B. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Anacardic Acid ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Salicylic Acid Derivatives

The antifungal activity of anacardic acid and two of its derivatives was tested against some plant pathogenic fungi and the inhibitory effect was compared with that of salicylic acid. Anacardic acid was found to be most effective and it inhibited Colletotrichum capsici spore germination at 125–150 μg mL−1. The results suggest that salicylic acid with appropriate structural modifications may prove to be a superior antifungal agent and can be utilized in controlling certain plant diseases under field conditions. Key words: salicylic acid derivatives, antifungal activity, fungal spore germination.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of soaps containing Senna alata leaf extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fairuz Aminuddin ◽  
Aida Maryam Basri ◽  
Hussein Taha ◽  
Adlan Mursyid Abidin ◽  
Norhayati Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Senna Alata

Senna alata is an important ethnomedicinal plant and is often used traditionally to treat skin diseases. Hence, it can be a potential attractive ingredient for natural skincare products. In this study, we determined the potential of producing antimicrobial soaps by using S. alata leaf extract, either aqueous crude extract or essential oil, as the key ingredient and also virgin coconut oil as the base. Although S. alata essential oil is not feasible yet to be considered for soap production due to its poor extraction yield, the aqueous leaf crude extract had shown promising potential. Our antimicrobial assays showed the aqueous extract exhibited antifungal activity but did not show any antibacterial activity under the conditions tested. Similarly, the prototypes of S. alata soap containing the aqueous extract also showed an antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, the potential use of S. alata for antimicrobial soaps warrants further consideration and studies.

scholarly journals In vitro efficacy of fungicides on mycelial growth and spore germination of Alternaria alternata and Mucor plumbeus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Jahangir Abdullah Koka ◽  
Mohd Yaqub Bhat ◽  
Abdul Hamid Wani
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Tomato Fruits

Tomato fruits were infected by various pathogens especially fungal pathogens under storage conditions as well as in field conditions. It was revealed that tomato fruits are attacked by Alternaria alternata causing Alternaria rot of tomato and Mucor plumbeus causing Mucor rot of tomato. Antifungal activity of some fungicides was undertaken during the present study.  Different concentrations of fungicides brought about significant reduction in the mycelial growth and spore germination of Alternaria alternata and Mucor plumbeus under in vitro conditions. Hexaconozole proved highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth and spore germination of Alternaria alternata followed by carbendazim and copper oxychloride respectively. However, the most effective fungicide in inhibiting the mycelial growth and spore germination of Mucor plumbeus was hexaconozole followed by carbendazim and copper oxychloride respectively. Keywords: In vitro, fungicides, Alternaria alternata and Mucor plumbeus, mycelial growth, spore germination

scholarly journals Bioinsecticide Production from Cigarette Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Badane Gudeta ◽  
Solomon K ◽  
M. Venkata Ratnam
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Cabbage Aphids

Tobacco, one of the most significant nonfood crops, is critical to agriculture worldwide. The tobacco processing business creates a significant amount of hazardous tobacco waste containing nicotine, and only a tiny portion of it gets recycled. Nicotine, the primary component of tobacco products such as cigarettes, is an alkaloid and can be used as an insecticide. This research aims to extract nicotine from discarded cigarette butts and utilize it as an insecticide. Extraction, emulsification, and efficiency testing on cabbage aphids are all part of the procedure. The initial extraction tests used a solvent combination of ethanol and methanol in various ratios, with a 3 : 1 ratio yielding the best results. Temperature (30–60°C), extraction length (4–6 hrs), and sodium hydroxide concentration (1–3 M) are the independent variables studied for extraction parameters, and the optimal conditions are determined using Design-Expert, response surface approach central composite design (RSM-CCD). In addition, artificial neural network (ANN) studies with MATLAB were used to accurately forecast extraction yield. The extracted product was evaluated using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a UV/visible spectrophotometer. The ideal crude extract yield and nicotine content were 17.75 and 3.26%, respectively, at the optimal conditions of temperature 60°C, time 4 hrs, and NaOH concentration 2.83 M with desirability of 0.832. The nicotine extracted was emulsified by combining the crude extract with a combination of palm oil and surfactants. Density, viscosity, pH, flash point, and surface tension of the emulsified concentration were measured and reported as 1.01 ± 0.01 g/ml, 585.33 ± 2.52 mPa s, 9.37 ± 0.03, 87.96 C, and 34.10 mN/m, respectively. On the cabbage aphid, the emulsified concentrated extract performed best at a ratio of 1 : 100 (emulsified concentrated to solvent).

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