Formulations Based on Natural Ingredients for the Treatment of Nail Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Tampucci ◽  
Eleonora Terreni ◽  
Erica Zucchetti ◽  
Susi Burgalassi ◽  
Patrizia Chetoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Chemical Enhancers ◽  
Nail Diseases ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Modified Polymers ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Resistant Structure

Nail is a strong and resistant structure, characterized by a low permeability to foreign molecules. Nails can be subjected to many diseases, among which fungal infections (e.g. onchomycosis) are the most common and responsible for nail structure alteration. Many formulations have been produced for the delivery of active ingredients to treat nail disorders, based on newly synthesized active molecules or containing chemical enhancers or chemically-modified polymers able to improve the drug transungual penetration. To avoid permanent alterations of the nail structure due to the use of chemical compounds or organic solvent-based formulation, researchers have developed novel formulations focusing on the use of new natural-based compounds. The purpose of this review is to provide information on the outcoming of natural ingredients-based formulations that have been developed in the last years as potential alternative to chemical-based formulations.

Soft Malleable Vesicles: versatile carriers for efficient topical delivery of fungal therapeutics

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Gupta ◽  
Antesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Mahesh Prasad ◽  
Poonam Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Efficient Delivery

AbstractFungal infections have become a subject of great concern and the incidence of fungal infections is increasing, presenting an enormous challenge to healthcare professionals. Since most of the fungal infections are occurring over the skin, the treatment option of these infections always involves topical application. However, in topical delivery drug reaches into systemic circulation through different barriers of skin. Nevertheless, due to the low permeability, skin restricts the movement of many drugs. Hence, a delivery system is required, which deliver the medicament into the skin layers or through the skin and into the systemic circulation. Ethosomes or Soft malleable vesicles are the novel lipid vesicular carrier that offer improved skin permeability and efficient delivery due to their structure and composition. They contain high concentration of ethanol, which increases the fluidity of the skin. Therefore, in the present paper, we have explored the utility of ethosomal systems in the topical treatment of fungal infections. Structure, compositions types, mechanism and techniques of preparation of ethosome also discussed in the paper.

Biosensing Of A Herbicide Using A Chemically Modified Antibody In Organic Solvent

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sasaki ◽  
Y. Tokitsu ◽  
K. Ikebukuro ◽  
K. Yokoyama ◽  
Y. Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Chemically Modified

scholarly journals Nanoarchitectures in Management of Fungal Diseases: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7119
Author(s):  
Vijay Mishra ◽  
Manvendra Singh ◽  
Yachana Mishra ◽  
Nitin Charbe ◽  
Pallavi Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Fungal Diseases

Fungal infections, from mild itching to fatal infections, lead to chronic diseases and death. Antifungal agents have incorporated chemical compounds and natural products/phytoconstituents in the management of fungal diseases. In contrast to antibacterial research, novel antifungal drugs have progressed more swiftly because of their mild existence and negligible resistance of infections to antifungal bioactivities. Nanotechnology-based carriers have gained much attention due to their magnificent abilities. Nanoarchitectures have served as excellent carriers/drug delivery systems (DDS) for delivering antifungal drugs with improved antifungal activities, bioavailability, targeted action, and reduced cytotoxicity. This review outlines the different fungal diseases and their treatment strategies involving various nanocarrier-based techniques such as liposomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, niosomes, spanlastics, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, polymer nanocomposites, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, and nanoemulsions, among other nanotechnological approaches.

Influence of Steel Shots Size on Tensile Properties of Magnetic Moulded MMC

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anand Ronald ◽  
C. Arun Prakash ◽  
M. Suba Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Lost Foam ◽  
Eps Pattern

The Magnetic moulding process is an extension of lost foam process, in which an Expendable Poly Styrene (EPS) pattern is surrounded by steel shots bonded together by the action of an induced electromagnetic field. Magnetic moulding is a potential alternative for conventional sand casting, which has disadvantages like low thermal conductivity and low permeability, which affects the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the casting. In the present work Al/SiCp metal matrix composite (MMC) samples are moulded by magnetic moulding technique, using different size steel shots viz. 0.18 mm, 0.6mm, 1mm and the tensile properties of the moulded samples were evaluated. The fractured surfaces of the tensile samples were also examined using SEM. The results show that medium size steel shots gives better tensile properties.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Manogepix (APX001A) and Comparators against Contemporary Molds: MEC Comparison and Preliminary Experience with Colorimetric MIC Determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Meinike Jørgensen ◽  
Karen M. T. Astvad ◽  
Maiken Cavling Arendrup
Keyword(s):  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Active Moiety ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Lichtheimia Ramosa

ABSTRACT Manogepix (APX001A) is the active moiety of the drug candidate fosmanogepix (APX001), currently in clinical development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. We compared manogepix EUCAST minimum effective concentrations (MECs) to MICs of five comparators and CLSI MECs and MICs by a colorimetric method against contemporary molds. EUCAST susceptibility testing was performed for 161 isolates. Interlaboratory and intermethod reproducibility were determined by comparison with published manogepix MECs. Colorimetric MICs (measuring metabolic activity) were evaluated using three Aspergillus fumigatus isolates and one Aspergillus flavus isolate with four inocula at 24 to 48 h of incubation and 1 to 3 h 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt (XTT)/menadione (MEN) exposure. Manogepix modal MECs (range in mg/liter) against Aspergillus species were 0.03 to 0.06 (0.008 to 0.125) and unaffected by itraconazole resistance. Manogepix was as active against two Fusarium isolates but inactive against Trichophyton interdigitale, Lichtheimia ramosa, and Rhizomucor pusillus isolates (MECs >0.5). Modal MEC/MICs were ≥3 2-fold dilutions apart without overlapping ranges comparing manogepix with amphotericin B, isavuconazole, and voriconazole against Aspergillus isolates. Manogepix and posaconazole MECs/MICs correlated for Aspergillus niger (Pearson’s r = 0.711; P = 0.0044). The MEC at which 50% of the isolates tested are inhibited (MEC50), mode, and MEC90 values were within ±1 dilution in all cases compared with published EUCAST and CLSI data. The colorimetric method showed excellent agreement with the MECs when plates were inoculated with the lowest inoculum (1 × 102 CFU/ml to 2.5 × 102 CFU/ml), incubated for 24 h, and exposed for 1 to 3 h to XTT/MEN. Broad-spectrum in vitro activity of manogepix against clinically relevant molds was confirmed with excellent agreement across EUCAST and CLSI methods reported from experienced mycology laboratories. Colorimetric MIC determination warrants further investigation as a potential alternative that is less dependent on mycology expertise.

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