Disulfide Bond-Responsive Nanotherapeutic Systems for the Effective Payload in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (41) ◽  
pp. 5353-5361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Shende ◽  
Gauraja Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Neoplastic Cell ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
High Concentration

Background: The progressive treatment of cancer using disulfide bond-based therapeutics offers improvement in therapeutic potency of active, reduction in adverse events, prolongation of drug release pattern and on-site action by interacting with neoplastic cell microenvironment. Objective: The objective of this article is to highlight the research carried out on disulfide bond-based drug delivery systems as a potential candidate for cancer treatment. Methods: The article provides an overview of the importance of disulfide bonds in cancer treatment in terms of their properties, mechanism of formation/fragmentation and applications. Properties of disulfide bonds, such as pKa, entropy, and dihedral angle contribute to the structural stability of the bonds in a nanotherapeutic system, while their formation and fragmentation are attributed to the presence of a high concentration of GSH in cancer cells. The article further focuses on various drug delivery systems like dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, etc. involving disulfide cross-linked polymers for the preparation of redox-responsive drug delivery systems. Results: The use of nanotechnology with disulfide bond creates an anticancer drug delivery system with higher target specificity, improved bioavailability, and good therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion: In the near future, the combination of DSB with active, cellular material, stem cell and biological fluid will be considered as a new thrust area for research in healthcare.

scholarly journals Environment Responsive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Drug Delivery System for Tumor Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yan ◽  
Yue Jin ◽  
Chuanxiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Organic

AbstractNanoparticles as drug delivery systems can alter the drugs' hydrophilicity to affect drug uptake and efflux in tissues. They prevent drugs from non-specifically binding with bio-macromolecules and enhance drug accumulation at the lesion sites, improving therapy effects and reducing unnecessary side effects. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the typical nanoparticles, a class of crystalline porous materials via self-assembled organic linkers and metal ions, exhibit excellent biodegradability, pore shape and sizes, and finely tunable chemical composition. MOFs have a rigid molecular structure, and tunable pore size can improve the encapsulation drug's stability under harsh conditions. Besides, the surface of MOFs can be modified with small-molecule ligands and biomolecule, and binding with the biomarkers which is overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells. MOFs formulations for therapeutic have been developed to effectively respond to the unique tumor microenvironment (TEM), such as high H2O2 levels, hypoxia, and high concentration glutathione (GSH). Thus, MOFs as a drug delivery system should avoid drugs leaking during blood circulation and releasing at the lesion sites via a controlling manner. In this article, we will summary environment responsive MOFs as drug delivery systems for tumor therapy under different stimuli.

Recent Progress in Stimuli Responsive Intelligent Nano Scale Drug Delivery Systems: A special focus towards pH sensitive systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidevi Sethuraman ◽  
Kumar Janakiraman ◽  
Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami ◽  
Ruckmani Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Responsive Systems

Abstract: Stimuli responsive nanocarriers are gaining much attention due to its versatile multifunctional activities including disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, clinical applications of nano drug delivery systems for cancer treatment make a considerable challenge due to its limited cellular uptake, low bioavailability, poor targetability, stability issues, and unfavourable pharmacokinetics. To overcome these issues researchers are focussing on stimuli responsive systems. Nano carriers elicit its role through endogenous (pH, temperature, enzyme and redox) or exogenous (temperature, light, magnetic field, ultrasound) stimulus. These systems were designed to overcome the shortcomings such as non-specificity and toxicity associated with the conventional drug delivery systems. The pH variation between healthy cells and tumor microenvironment creates a platform towards the generation of pH sensitive nano delivery systems. Herein, we propose to present an overview of various internal and external stimuli responsive behavior based drug delivery systems. Herein the present review will focus specifically on the significance of various pH- responsive nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, nano micelles, inorganic based pH sensitive drug delivery carriers such as calcium phosphate nanoparticles, and carbon dots in cancer treatment. Moreover, this review elaborates the recent findings on pH based stimuli responsive drug delivery system with special emphasis towards our reported stimuli responsive systems for cancer treatment.

Redox Sensitive Polysaccharide Based Nanoparticles for Improved Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (28) ◽  
pp. 3303-3319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erfaneh Ghassami ◽  
Jaleh Varshosaz ◽  
Somayeh Taymouri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Redox Responsive

Background: Among the numerous bio-responsive polymeric drug delivery systems developed recently, redox-triggered release of molecular payloads have gained great deal of attention, especially in the field of anticancer drug delivery. In most cases, these systems rely on disulfide bonds located either in the matrix crosslinks, or in auxiliary chains to achieve stimuli-responsive drug release. These bonds keep their stability in extracellular environments, yet, rapidly break by thiol–disulfide exchange reactions in the cytosol, due to the presence of greater levels of glutathione. Polysaccharides are macromolecules with low cost, natural abundance, biocompatibility, biodegradability, appropriate physical and chemical properties, and presence of numerous functional groups which facilitate chemical or physical cross-linking. Methods: With regards to the remarkable advantages of polysaccharides, in the current study, various polysaccharide-based redox-responsive drug delivery systems are reviewed. In most cases the in vitro/in vivo effects of the developed system were also evaluated. Results: Considering the hypoxic and reducing nature of the tumor microenvironment, with several folds higher glutathione levels than the systemic tissues, redox-sensitive polymeric systems could be implemented for tumorspecific drug delivery and the results of the previous researches in this field indicated satisfactory achievements. Conclusion: According to the reviewed papers, the efficiency of diverse redox-responsive polysaccharide-based nanoparticles with therapeutic payloads in cancer chemotherapy could be concluded. Nevertheless, more comprehensive studies are required to understand the exact intracellular and systemic fate of these nano-carriers, as well as their clinical efficacy for cancer treatment.

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