Comparative Evaluation of the Transdermal Permeation Effectiveness of Fu’s cupping therapy on eight different types of model drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Miao ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Fangfang Yang ◽  
Xiaoxia Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Log P ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Transdermal Penetration

Background:: Overcoming the skin barrier to achieve the transdermal penetration of drugs across the stratum corneum (SC) remains a significant challenge. Our previous study showed that Fu’s cupping therapy (FCT) contributes to the transdermal enhancement and percutaneous absorption rate of representative drugs and improves their clinical effects. This work was to evaluate the transdermal enhancement effect of FCT on drugs with different molecular weights (MW). Methods:: we investigated the enhancements in the transdermal penetration of eight types of model drugs through the skin from BALB/c-nu mice and Sprague Dawley rats using Franz diffusion devices. In addition, 3% azone, 5% azone, 3% pep-permint oil, and 5% peppermint oil were used as penetration enhancers to study the transdermal behaviour of these drugs. Results:: Our results showed that the BALB/c-nu mouse skin was the best transdermal media, and the optimal time for FCT was 10 min. Compared with other penetration enhancers, FCT exerted a significantly improved effect on enhancing the per-cutaneous penetration of the selected log(P)-model drugs in addition to the two large MW drugs (ginsenoside Rg1 and noto-ginsenoside R1). A statistical analysis revealed that the relationship between the log(P) of various model drugs and the per-meability coefficient [log(Pcm)] of the FCT group was log(Pcm)=0.080(log(P))2-0.136(log(P))-0.282. Conclusion:: FCT may be used as a novel method for enhancing the physical penetration and thus effectively promoting the transdermal absorption of drugs and might lay a foundation for future research on drug transdermal technology.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Esters of 6-(2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(2-oxoazepan-1-yl)hexanoic Acid as Potential Transdermal Penetration Enhancers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Brychtova ◽  
Jozef Csollei ◽  
Josef Jampilek ◽  
Lukas Placek ◽  
Radka Opatrilova
Keyword(s):  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
Transdermal Penetration

scholarly journals The emerging role of acceptance and commitment therapy as a way to treat trauma and stressor related disorders

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S290-S290
Author(s):  
Gisela Simões ◽  
Rita Silva
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment

AimsThe aim of this work is to gather and evaluate scientific evidence about the clinical effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the treatment of patients with trauma-related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).MethodA literature search was conducted on PubMed platform, starting from the following MeSH terms: “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy”, “Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders”, “Psychological Trauma”. Studies obtained were analysed, corresponding to investigations based on an adult population with trauma and stressor related disorders.ResultThe search provided 13 results, of which 12 met the defined criteria. Different types of studies with variable samples were considered, including randomised clinical trials, longitudinal observational studies, narrative reviews and an analysis of case reports.Globally, ACT has been showing a crescent role in the treatment of individuals with trauma histories by enhancing positive outcomes and by being associated with greater psychological flexibility. It is increasingly considered to be well-suited to the treatment of trauma by targeting avoidance, coping strategies with emotional disengagement and persistent dissociation, aspects associated with greater PTSD symptom severity and related psychopathology.Furthermore, research suggests that acceptance-based treatments are helpful in promoting emotional, behavioural, and neural changes in psychological disorders characterised by disgust, shame and guilt that commonly co-occur with PTSD.Among the various exposure factors, we found a growing production of recent literature in which ACT has been applied in the context of oncology life-threatening settings, demonstrating significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life, as well as reductions in emotional disturbances, physical pain and traumatic responses.However, little is known about implementation and results of ACT in situations of trauma and psychiatric comorbidities. Data suggest that, when applied to individuals with psychosis and history of trauma, there is an improvement in overall severity and anxiety symptoms, emotion regulation strategies and a greater sense of engagement in care; nevertheless, reduction of specific trauma symptoms remains controversial. More mention is made about the growth of literature evaluating the application of ACT as a conjunctial therapeutic method for trauma and simultaneous addictive disorders.ConclusionOverall, despite limited published research currently available, some evidence starts to support ACT's promising role as an effective psychotherapeutic approach to trauma and stressor related disorders. Its application in situations where organic diseases represent stress factors has been growing. Future research should focus on clarifying the role of ACT in psychiatric comorbidity scenarios, allowing this psychotherapy to help individuals find a meaningful and valuable life beyond trauma.

scholarly journals Histomorphologic Analysis of the Late-term Rat Fetus and Placenta

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanie L. Charest ◽  
Vanessa Vrolyk ◽  
Pauline Herst ◽  
Maryse Lessard ◽  
Deborah M. Sloboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Planes ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Fetus ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Gross Examination

Histological examination of the rat placenta and fetus is uncommon. Toxicological studies mainly rely on gross examination of the fetus and on fetal and placental weights. These are often insufficient to assess the fetal and placental toxicity of xenobiotics. The small size of the fetus makes its dissection labor-intensive. Thus, our objective was to develop a simple and accurate technique to evaluate the rat fetus and placenta. Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses at gestational day 19.5 ( n = 18) and their placentas ( n = 32) were fixed in formalin. Placentas were cut transversally in the center. Fetuses were cut following a freehand whole-body serial sectioning diagram adapted from Wilson’s method. Sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin–phloxine–saffron, and histomorphometry was used to measure the area of the fetal placental region (27.2 ± 1.7 mm2), including the labyrinth (22.2 ± 1.0 mm2) and the basal zone (4.8 ± 0.8 mm2). Our whole-fetus serial sectioning technique resulted in 12 precise cutting planes that fit on 3 histological slides, enabling the examination of most organs without labor-intensive dissection. Quantitative analysis of placental areas improves the understanding of the pathogenesis of treatment-related changes. This technique provides a standardized method for future research in pertinent fields such as developmental biology and toxicology.

Mechanisms of white mustard seed (Sinapis alba L.) volatile oils as transdermal penetration enhancers

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 104195 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShiFa Ruan ◽  
ZhuXian Wang ◽  
ShiJian Xiang ◽  
HuoJi Chen ◽  
Qun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Transdermal Penetration

Review and Analysis of thought Records: Creating a Coding System

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott H. Waltman ◽  
Sarah A. Frankel ◽  
Brittany C. Hall ◽  
Michael A. Williston ◽  
Shari Jager-Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Differential Utility ◽  
Over Time

Background: Thought records are a core component of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Over time, thought records have been modified to suit various needs or preferences. A diversity of thought records have been developed, which include differing components and cognitive change strategies. Yet, due to a lack of specificity in the literature and field, different thought records are often treated as though they are interchangeable. Limited extant literature suggests that differing thought records may have unique clinical effects. However, meta-analyzing the comparable or differing effects of the distinct extant thought records is impeded by the lack of a coding system for thought records. Objective: The current study sought to prepare a way for further understanding the differential utility and effectiveness of different iterations of thought records by creating a coding system, which is described in detail. This coding system will be used to guide future research into which thought records work best for which problems. Method: Thought records were gathered from seminal texts and solicited from the certified members of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy and the American Board of Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology. Results: In total, 110 non-identical thought records were gathered and coded into 55 unique combinations. These results demonstrate that the variability of thought records used by qualified therapists extends well beyond those found in seminal CBT texts. Conclusion: This broad diversity justifies the need for a coding system to inform future lines of research.

Discovery of transdermal penetration enhancers by high-throughput screening

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Karande ◽  
Amit Jain ◽  
Samir Mitragotri
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
Transdermal Penetration
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