Application of Computational Techniques to Unravel Structure-Function Relationship and their Role in Therapeutic Development

Application of computational tools and techniques has emerged as an invincible instrument to unravel the structure-function relationship and offered better mechanistic insights in the designing and development of new drugs along with the treatment regime. The use of in silico tools equipped modern chemist with armamentarium of extensive methods to meticulously comprehend the structural tenacity of receptor-ligand interactions and their dynamics. In silico methods offers a striking property of being less resource intensive and economically viable as compared to experimental evaluation. These techniques have proved their mettle in the designing of potential lead compounds to combat life-threatening diseases such as AIDS, cancer, tuberculosis, malaria, etc. In the present scenario, computer-aided drug designing has ascertained an essential and indispensable gizmo in therapeutic development. This review will present a brief outline of computational methods used at different facets of drug designing and its latest advancements. The aim of this review article is to briefly highlight the methodologies and techniques used in structure-based/ ligand-based drug designing viz., molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, density functional theory, protein-hydration and molecular dynamics simulation which helps in better understanding of macromolecular events and complexities.