Oxime K033-Reactivation Activity of Cholinesterases Inhibited by Various Nerve Agents and Organophosphorus Pesticides

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Kamil Musilek ◽  
Daniel Jun ◽  
Jaroslav Pejchal ◽  
Ondrej Krejcar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Nerve Agents

scholarly journals Catalytic Degradation of Nerve Agents

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Agatino Zammataro ◽  
Rossella Santonocito ◽  
Andrea Pappalardo ◽  
Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
World War ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Chemical Hydrolysis

Nerve agents (NAs) are a group of highly toxic organophosphorus compounds developed before World War II. They are related to organophosphorus pesticides, although they have much higher human acute toxicity than commonly used pesticides. After the detection of the presence of NAs, the critical step is the fast decontamination of the environment in order to avoid the lethal effect of these organophosphorus compounds on exposed humans. This review collects the catalytic degradation reactions of NAs, in particular focusing our attention on chemical hydrolysis. These reactions are catalyzed by different catalyst categories (metal-based, polymeric, heterogeneous, enzymatic and MOFs), all of them described in this review.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agents by EC: 3.1.8.2

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Marek Matula ◽  
Tomas Kucera ◽  
Ondrej Soukup ◽  
Jaroslav Pejchal
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Enzyme Commission Number ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Medical Countermeasures

The organophosphorus substances, including pesticides and nerve agents (NAs), represent highly toxic compounds. Standard decontamination procedures place a heavy burden on the environment. Given their continued utilization or existence, considerable efforts are being made to develop environmentally friendly methods of decontamination and medical countermeasures against their intoxication. Enzymes can offer both environmental and medical applications. One of the most promising enzymes cleaving organophosphorus compounds is the enzyme with enzyme commission number (EC): 3.1.8.2, called diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) or organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Loligo Vulgaris or Alteromonas sp. JD6.5, respectively. Structure, mechanisms of action and substrate profiles are described for both enzymes. Wild-type (WT) enzymes have a catalytic activity against organophosphorus compounds, including G-type nerve agents. Their stereochemical preference aims their activity towards less toxic enantiomers of the chiral phosphorus center found in most chemical warfare agents. Site-direct mutagenesis has systematically improved the active site of the enzyme. These efforts have resulted in the improvement of catalytic activity and have led to the identification of variants that are more effective at detoxifying both G-type and V-type nerve agents. Some of these variants have become part of commercially available decontamination mixtures.

Diagnoses of Pathological States Based on Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (18) ◽  
pp. 2994-3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Specific Function

Two cholinesterases exist: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). While AChE plays a crucial role in neurotransmissions, BChE has no specific function apart from the detoxification of some drugs and secondary metabolites from plants. Thus, both AChE and BChE can serve as biochemical markers of various pathologies. Poisoning by nerve agents like sarin, soman, tabun, VX, novichok and overdosing by drugs used in some neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer´s disease and myasthenia gravis, as well as poisoning by organophosphorus pesticides are relevant to this issue. But it appears that changes in these enzymes take place in other processes including oxidative stress, inflammation, some types of cancer and genetically conditioned diseases. In this review, the cholinesterases are introduced, the mechanism of inhibitors action is explained and the relations between the cholinesterases and pathologies are explained.

Prophylaxis and Post-exposure Treatment of Intoxications Caused by Nerve Agents and Organophosphorus Pesticides

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2102-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Daniel Jun ◽  
Kamil Musilek ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka ◽  
Jana Karasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Exposure Treatment ◽  
Post Exposure

HPLC Analysis of HI‐6 Dichloride and Dimethanesulfonate—Antidotes against Nerve Agents and Organophosphorus Pesticides

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (14) ◽  
pp. 2783-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jun ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Petr Stodulka ◽  
Vit Koleckar ◽  
Bohuslav Dolezal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Hi 6

scholarly journals Interactions of cyclodextrins and their derivatives with toxic organophosphorus compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Letort ◽  
Sébastien Balieu ◽  
William Erb ◽  
Géraldine Gouhier ◽  
François Estour
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compound ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Cyclic Structure ◽  
Biological Target

The aim of this review is to provide an update on the current use of cyclodextrins against organophosphorus compound intoxications. Organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents play a determinant role in the inhibition of cholinesterases. The cyclic structure of cyclodextrins and their toroidal shape are perfectly suitable to design new chemical scavengers able to trap and hydrolyze the organophosphorus compounds before they reach their biological target.

Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensors for Detection of Nerve Agents and Organophosphorus Pesticides

2021 ◽  
pp. 130278
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Yudie Sun ◽  
Shengjun Liu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors
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