Scaphoid Motion of the Wrist with Scapho-trapezio-trapezoidal Osteoarthritis-A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Ronit Wollstein ◽  
Hisao Moritomo ◽  
Iida Akio ◽  
Shohei Omokawa
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Position ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Movement ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Active Flexion ◽  
Extended Position ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Surface Models

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate scaphoid motion within the scapho-trapezio-trapezoidal (STT) joint during wrist motion in the presence of STT joint osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: We studied 11 wrists with STT OA and 5 normal wrists. Computed tomography (CT) images were acquired in five wrist positions (maximum active flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, and neutral position). The 3-dimensional surface models of the radius and scaphoid were constructed and the motion of scaphoid relative to the radius was calculated. Results and Conclusion: During wrist flexion/extension motion, the scaphoid rotated mostly in the flexion/extension plane. The angle tended to be smaller in STT OA than in normal. During wrist radioulnar deviation, the scaphoid was in an extended position in neutral wrist in STT OA. The motion of scaphoid in STT OA was divided into two types: a rigid type and mobile type. The mobile type rotated closer to the flexion/extension plane than the rigid type. Taking into account scaphoid motion during wrist movement before surgery may provide better results in the treatment of STT OA.

Smartphone photography utilized to measure wrist range of motion

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Wagner ◽  
Megan Conti Mica ◽  
Alexander Y. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Movement ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Very High

The purpose was to determine if smartphone photography is a reliable tool in measuring wrist movement. Smartphones were used to take digital photos of both wrists in 32 normal participants (64 wrists) at extremes of wrist motion. The smartphone measurements were compared with clinical goniometry measurements. There was a very high correlation between the clinical goniometry and smartphone measurements, as the concordance coefficients were high for radial deviation, ulnar deviation, wrist extension and wrist flexion. The Pearson coefficients also demonstrated the high precision of the smartphone measurements. The Bland–Altman plots demonstrated 29–31 of 32 smartphone measurements were within the 95% confidence interval of the clinical measurements for all positions of the wrists. There was high reliability between the photography taken by the volunteer and researcher, as well as high inter-observer reliability. Smartphone digital photography is a reliable and accurate tool for measuring wrist range of motion. Level of evidence: II

Quantification of Hand Grip Force under Dynamic Conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Lehman ◽  
W. Gary Allread ◽  
P. Lawrence Wright ◽  
William S. Marras
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Radial Deviation ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Maximum Grip ◽  
Lower Grip

A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether grip force capabilities are lower when the wrist is moved than in a static position. The purpose was to determine the wrist velocity levels and wrist postures that had the most significant effect on grip force. Maximum grip forces of five male and five female subjects were determined under both static and dynamic conditions. The dominant wrist of each subject was secured to a CYBEX II dynamometer and grip force was collected during isokinetic wrist deviations for four directions of motion (flexion to extension, extension to flexion, radial to ulnar, and ulnar to radial). Six different velocity levels were analyzed and grip forces were recorded at specific wrist positions throughout each range of movement. For flexion-extension motions, wrist positions from 45 degrees flexion to 45 degrees extension were analyzed whereas positions from 20 degrees radial deviation to 20 degrees ulnar deviation were studied for radial-ulnar activity. Isometric exertions were also performed at each desired wrist position. Results showed that, for all directions of motion, grip forces for all isokinetic conditions were significantly lower than for the isometric exertions. Lower grip forces were exhibited at extreme wrist flexion and extreme radial and ulnar positions for both static and dynamic conditions. The direction of motion was also found to affect grip strength; extension to flexion exertions produced larger grip forces than flexion to extension exertions and radial to ulnar motion showed larger grip forces than ulnar to radial deviation. Although, males produced larger grip forces than females in all exertions, significant interactions between gender and velocity were noted.

Cerebellar nuclear cell activity during antagonist cocontraction and reciprocal inhibition of forearm muscles

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wetts ◽  
J. F. Kalaska ◽  
A. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Reciprocal Inhibition ◽  
Discharge Frequency ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Movement ◽  
Forearm Muscles ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Nuclear Cell ◽  
Low Order

Monkeys were trained to exert a maintained isometric pinch with the thumb and forefinger. This task reliably elicited a simultaneous cocontraction of the forearm muscles. The same monkeys were also taught to insert the open hand into a manipulandum, flex and extend the wrist 35 and 15 degrees, respectively, and maintain an isometric wrist position against a mechanical stop for 1 s. This second task comprised two conditions: a dynamic or movement phase and a static or isometric phase. Movement always involved a wrist displacement of 50 degrees. Although some forearm muscles demonstrated bidirectional activity during the wrist displacement phase, all the wrist and finger muscles were alternatively active in isometric flexion or extension. Of the neurons in the dentate and interposed nuclei that consistently changed discharge during repeated isometric prehension, over 90% (61/67) of the neurons increased activity during this cocontraction of forearm muscles. About 70% (47/67) of these same nuclear cells discharged with a reciprocal pattern of firing during alternating wrist flexion-extension movements. Forty-six neurons had sustained and reciprocal discharge during the maintained isometric wrist postures. No differences were seen between the activity patterns of dentate and interposed cells with respect to either the prehension task or the reciprocal wrist-movement task. The discharge frequency of some dentate and interpositus neurons could be correlated with prehensile force as well as velocity of wrist movement and torque developed by wrist muscles. Correlation coefficients were calculated between nuclear cell discharge and the amplitude of the surface EMGs of the flexors and extensors of the wrist and fingers during the wrist-movement task. Sixteen nuclear cells showed low-order, but reliably positive, correlations with one of the two forearm muscle groups (mean r = 0.33). In contrast, a sample of seven Purkinje cells recorded during the same task demonstrated low-order correlations that were negative in sign (mean r = -0.30) between discharge frequency and one of the two forearm EMGs.

scholarly journals Design of Shape Memory Alloy-Based Soft Wearable Robot for Assisting Wrist Motion

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyeon Jeong ◽  
Ibrahim Bin Yasir ◽  
Jungwoo Han ◽  
Cheol Hoon Park ◽  
Soo-Kyung Bok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wearable Robot ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Contraction Ratio ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Average Range

In this paper, we propose a shape memory alloy (SMA)-based wearable robot that assists the wrist motion for patients who have difficulties in manipulating the lower arm. Since SMA shows high contraction strain when it is designed as a form of coil spring shape, the proposed muscle-like actuator was designed after optimizing the spring parameters. The fabricated actuator shows a maximum force of 10 N and a maximum contraction ratio of 40%. The SMA-based wearable robot, named soft wrist assist (SWA), assists 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) wrist motions. In addition, the robot is totally flexible and weighs 151g for the wearable parts. A maximum torque of 1.32 Nm was measured for wrist flexion, and a torque of larger than 0.5 Nm was measured for the other motions. The robot showed the average range of motion (ROM) with 33.8, 30.4, 15.4, and 21.4 degrees for flexion, extension, ulnar, and radial deviation, respectively. Thanks to the soft feature of the SWA, time cost for wearing the device is shorter than 2 min as was also the case for patients when putting it on by themselves. From the experimental results, the SWA is expected to support wrist motion for diverse activities of daily living (ADL) routinely for patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography as a Technique for Quantifying Carpal Motion

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Robinson ◽  
Lauren Straatman ◽  
Ting-Yim Lee ◽  
Nina Suh ◽  
Emily Lalone
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Joint Congruency ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Carpal Mechanics ◽  
Static Conditions

Abstract Delayed diagnosis of dynamic carpal instability often occurs because early changes in bone alignment and movement are difficult to detect and manifest mainly during a dynamic/functional task. Current diagnostic tools are only able to examine the carpal bones under static or sequential-static conditions. Four-dimensional (three dimensions + time) computed tomography (4DCT) enables quantification of carpal mechanics through 3D volume sequences of the wrist in motion. A comprehensive understanding of carpal mechanics is needed to define normal function and structure and provide targets for treatment of carpal injuries. In this study, measurements of scaphoid translation and joint congruency were taken by creating models from the CT scans of the carpals in extreme frames of motion, registering those models to the neutral position, transforming the models into a local coordinate system, and using software to calculate the joint surface areas (JSA). Results indicated that the centroid of the scaphoid translated 6.4 ± 1.3 mm and extended from extreme radial to extreme ulnar deviation. Results are consistent with the literature. An additional study was performed to measure the responsiveness of the 4DCT technique presented. Bone models from each frame of motion for radio ulnar deviation (RUD) and flexion extension (FE) were created and distinct differences between their JSA were measured qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that there was statistically significantly different JSA within carpal joints between RUD and FE. These studies provide the first step in developing the methodology when using 4DCT scanning to measure subtle abnormalities in the wrist.

On the Dynamics and Control of a Full Wrist Exoskeleton for Tremor Alleviation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamin Wang ◽  
Oumar Barry ◽  
Andrew J. Kurdila ◽  
Sujith Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Controller Design ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract This paper introduces a novel wearable full wrist exoskeleton designed for the alleviation of tremor in patients suffering from Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor. The design introduces a structure to provide full observation of wrist kinematics as well as actuation in wrist flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation. To examine the feasibility of the design, the coupled dynamics of the device and the forearm is modeled via a general multibody framework. The dynamic analysis considers human motion, wrist stiffness, and tremor dynamics. The analysis of the model reveals that the identification of the wrist kinematics is indispensable for the controller design. Nonlinear regression based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm has been applied to estimate the unknown parameters in a kinematic structural function designed to approximate the wrist kinematics, which leads to the construction of the control system framework. Finally, several simulation cases are demonstrated to conclude the study.

Prediction of Ligament Length During Wrist Flexion Extension

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita M. Patterson ◽  
Naoya Yazaki ◽  
Clark R. Andersen ◽  
Newt H. Scott ◽  
Steven F. Viegas
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Carpal Bones ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Ligament Length ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Carpal Ligaments ◽  
Precision Motion

Direct measurement of ligament length in the wrist is difficult due to constrained space and short length of many ligaments. No prior studies have reported measurements of ligament length between the carpal bones of the wrist. In this presentation, we have combined high precision motion analysis of the carpal bones, subsequent manual digitization of the ligament attachment regions, and a simulated ligament wrapping model, to generate predictions of carpal ligaments’ length and implied strain during wrist motion.

scholarly journals Carpal Pronation and Supination Changes in the Unstable Wrist

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Walter Short ◽  
Frederick Werner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Interosseous Ligament ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Throwing Motion

Background Little is known about changes in scaphoid and lunate supination and pronation following scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) injury. Information on these changes may help explain why some SLIL reconstructions have failed and help in the development of new techniques. Purpose To determine if following simulated SLIL injury there was an increase in scaphoid pronation and lunate supination and to determine if concurrently there was an increase in the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) force. Materials and Methods Scaphoid and lunate motion were measured before and after sectioning of the SLIL and two volar ligaments in 22 cadaver wrists, and before and after sectioning of the SLIL and two dorsal ligaments in 15 additional wrists. Each wrist was dynamically moved through wrist flexion/extension, radioulnar deviation, and a dart-throwing motion. Changes in the ECU force were recorded during each wrist motion. Results Scaphoid pronation and lunate supination significantly increased following ligamentous sectioning during each motion. There were significant differences in the amount of change in lunate motion, but not in scaphoid motion, between the two groups of sectioned ligaments. Greater percentage ECU force was required following ligamentous sectioning to achieve the same wrist motions. Conclusion Carpal supination/pronation changed with simulated damage to the scapholunate stabilizers. This may be associated with the required increases in the ECU force. Clinical Relevance In reconstructing the SLIL, one should be aware of the possible need to correct scaphoid pronation and lunate supination that occur following injury. This may be more of a concern when the dorsal stabilizers are injured.

Practical Application of a Biaxial Goniometer to the Wrist Joint

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 558-562
Author(s):  
Bryan Buchholz ◽  
Helen Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Forearm Rotation ◽  
Wrist Movement ◽  
Calibration Technique ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Angular Data ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Goniometric Measurements

The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine errors in wrist angle measurements from a commercially-available biaxial electrogoniometer and 2) to develop a calibration routine in order to correct for these errors. Goniometric measurements were simultaneously collected with true angular data using a fixture that allowed wrist movement in one plane while restricting motion in the orthogonal plane. These data were collected in two sets of trials: 1) flexion/extension with radial/ulnar deviation restricted and 2) radial/ulnar deviation with flexion/extension restricted. During these trials, discrete 30 degree increments of forearm rotation were studied. The results showed the expected cross talk and zero drift errors during forearm rotation. The application of mathematical equations that describe the effect of goniometer twist during forearm rotation resulted in significant error reduction for most trials. The calibration technique employs both a slope and a displacement transformation to improve the accuracy of angular data. The calibration technique may be used on data collected in the field if forearm rotation is measured simultaneously with the goniometer data.

scholarly journals Variation of Grip Strength and Wrist Range of Motion with Forearm Rotation in Healthy Young Volunteers Aged 23 to 30

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 088-093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Fan ◽  
Jeremy Cepek ◽  
Caitlin Symonette ◽  
Douglas Ross ◽  
Shrikant Chinchalkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Hand Rehabilitation ◽  
Forearm Rotation ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Radial Deviation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Grip strength and wrist range of motion (ROM) are important metrics used to evaluate hand rehabilitation and outcomes of wrist interventions. Published normative data on these metrics do not recognize the contribution of forearm rotation. This study aims to identify and quantify variations in grip strength and wrist ROM with forearm rotation in healthy young individuals. Materials and Methods Wrist ROM and grip strength were measured in 30 healthy volunteers aged 23 to 30. Participant demographics, grip strength, and wrist ROM (wrist flexion and extension, ulnar and radial deviation) at three forearm positions (full supination, neutral, and full pronation) were measured using a digital dynamometer and standard goniometers. Data analysis was conducted using a one-way repeated measure ANOVA. Forearm position values were compared using post hoc analysis. Results Grip strength in males was greatest in neutral position (males: nondominant 51.4 kg, dominant 56.1 kg) followed by supination (males: nondominant 46.6 kg, dominant 51.7 kg) and weakest in pronation (males: nondominant 40.1 kg, dominant 42.9 kg). Grip strength in females was similar between supination (nondominant: 26.1 kg, dominant: 28.5 kg) and neutral (nondominant: 27.4 kg, dominant: 29.1 kg) positions, but both were greater than in pronation (nondominant: 22.3 kg, dominant: 24.1 kg). Wrist flexion in males was significantly reduced in supination compared with neutral and pronated positions (nondominant: supination 63.1°, neutral 72.6°, pronation 73.3°; dominant: supination 62.4°, neutral 70.2°, pronation 70.3°), whereas not significant wrist flexion in females was also weaker in supination (supination 74.4°, neutral 79.9°). Wrist extension in males was greater in pronation (supination 64.6°, pronation 69.5°) whereas females showed no significant difference in any of the forearm positions. Ulnar deviation in males did not differ with forearm position, but females demonstrated greater ulnar deviation in supination on the nondominant hand (supination 44.6°, pronation 33.2°). Whereas there was no difference in radial deviation with forearm position in females, it was markedly greater in pronation versus supination on both sides in males (nondominant: supination 16.3°, pronation 24.6°; dominant: supination 15.4°, pronation 23.9°). Conclusion This study characterizes variations in grip strength and wrist ROM in three forearm positions in healthy young individuals. All measurements differed with forearm rotation and were not influenced by hand dominance. These results suggest that wrist ROM and grip strength should be evaluated in different positions of forearm rotation, rather than a fixed position. This has functional implications particularly in patients involved with specialized activities such as sports, instrument-playing, or work-related activities.

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