The Role of Physical Activity in the Development and Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased during the last decade causing devastatingconsequences to the public health. Health and dietary exerts recommended healthier diet andphysical activity as strategies to reduce obesity. However, there has been a great deal of confusionabout the role of physical activity and exercise in obesity and weight management in general. Thefocus of this article is based on the fact that reduced physical activity and energy expenditure causeobesity and the obesity can lead to serious health problems among which are cardio vasculardiseases. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent decline in daily energy expenditure is notsupported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gainalone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total dailyenergy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. In regards to the above-mentioned physical activityhas a big potential to become important part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.

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Long-period accelerometer monitoring shows the role of physical activity in overweight and obesity

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/sj.ijo.0802891 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 502-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

M Yoshioka ◽

M Ayabe ◽

T Yahiro ◽

H Higuchi ◽

Y Higaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Long Period

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Exercise in improving health v. performance

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665108008811 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Janice L. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Good Health ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

And Performance ◽

Response Gradient

Regular and goal-appropriate exercise is critical to improving and maintaining both health and performance. However, the frequency, intensity, duration and type of activities needed to optimise health or achieve successful sports performance will differ considerably depending on an individual's goals and capabilities. Although sport is one of many forms of exercise that can be counted towards daily physical activity, participation in sport is not necessary to meet current physical activity recommendations. The current consensus is that the minimum amount of physical activity needed to improve and maintain good health is 30 min moderate-intensity activity/d on ≥5 d/week. The evidence supporting this consensus is based on predominantly observational evidence that performing regular aerobic (endurance)-type physical activity is associated with reduced morbidity and premature mortality from CVD, CHD, stroke and colo-rectal cancer. The exact dose needed to improve health and the slope of the dose–response gradient between physical activity and mortality for various diseases are not known, and one major limitation of the existing evidence is the lack of objective measurement of physical activity. Limited evidence indicates that a much higher dose of activity (45–90 min each day on ≥5 d/week) may be needed to prevent overweight and obesity and to avoid weight regain in previously overweight and obese individuals. The role of resistance training and heavy domestic work in reducing morbidity and premature mortality for various diseases is unclear. As most adults do not meet current recommendations there is a critical need for innovative approaches to increase physical activity across large-scale populations.

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Perceived weight-related victimization and physical activity outcomes among adolescents with overweight and obesity: Indirect role of perceived physical abilities and fear of enacted stigma

Psychology of Sport and Exercise ◽

10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.08.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 70-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christophe Maïano ◽

Geneviève Lepage ◽

Annie Aimé ◽

Alexandre J.S. Morin ◽

Chantal Bayard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Perceived Weight ◽

Enacted Stigma ◽

Physical Abilities

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The role of physical activity in the treatment of overweight and obesity

Obesity ◽

10.1201/b19716-6 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 101-122

Author(s):

Deborah Bade Horn

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Overweight And Obesity

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Obesity: the modern approach to the problem

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet201613-8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anastasiya O. Razina ◽

Evgeniy E. Achkasov ◽

Svetlana D. Runenko

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Government Support ◽

Role Of Government ◽

Modern Approach ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Motion Activity ◽

And Control

The review presents epidemiological observations of recent years about the prevalence of overweight and obesity in different countries among people of different gender, age and social groups, and ethnicity. It also presents and analyses health risks and comorbidities leading to disability and death according to national and foreign researchers. It was found that the pathogenesis of obesity was multifactorial and also it was noted the importance of energy balance, consumed and expended calories. It was emphasized the need of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and prevention of the disease. The significant influence of the environment and increasing urbanization on the development of the pathology as well as the role of government support in relation to increasing physical activity of the population, including integrated interdisciplinary programs with environmental changes to increase physical activity and control over the quality of food was investigated. The priority areas for correction of overweight including optimization motion activity and correction of the diet were identified.

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Energy expenditure and body composition changes after an isocaloric ketogenic diet in overweight and obese men: a secondary analysis of energy expenditure and physical activity

10.1101/383752 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mark I. Friedman ◽

Scott Appel

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Metabolic Chamber ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

D 63

ABSTRACTBackgroundA previously published pilot study assessed energy expenditure (EE) of participants with overweight and obesity after they were switched from a baseline high-carbohydrate diet (BD) to an isocaloric low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD). EE measured using metabolic chambers increased transiently by what was considered a relatively small extent after the switch to the KD, whereas EE measured using doubly labeled water (EEDLW) increased to a greater degree after the response in the chambers had waned. Using a publicly available dataset, we examined the effect of housing conditions on the magnitude of the increase in EEDLW after the switch to the KD and the role of physical activity in that response.MethodsThe 14-day EEDLW measurement period included 4 days when subjects were confined to chambers instead of living in wards. To determine the effect on EEDLW only for the days subjects were living in the wards, we calculated non-chamber EE (EEnonchamber). To assess the role of physical activity in the response to the KD, we analyzed chamber and non-chamber accelerometer data for the BD and KD EEDLW measurement periods.ResultsIn comparison with the increase in average 14-day EEDLW of 151 kcal/d ± 63 (P = 0.03) after the switch to the KD, EEnonchamber increased by 203 ± 89 kcal/d (P = 0.04) or 283 ± 116 kcal/d(P = 0.03) depending on the analytical approach. Hip accelerometer counts decreased significantly (P = 0.01) after the switch to the KD, whereas wrist and ankle accelerometer counts did not change.ConclusionsSwitching from the BD to the KD substantially increased EEDLW, but apparently only on days subjects were living in the ward outside the metabolic chamber. Increased physical activity as measured by accelerometry did not appear to account for this effect.

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Adolescents’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Pathway in Reducing Overweight and Obesity: The PRALIMAP 2-Year Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2014-0035 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 628-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdou Y. Omorou ◽

Johanne Langlois ◽

Edith Lecomte ◽

Anne Vuillemin ◽

Serge Briançon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Weight Change ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Care Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Cluster Randomized ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Background:explaining why and how overweight prevention programs were effective was a real need; especially the potential role of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) should be highlighted. This study aimed to evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a screening and care strategy in adolescents’ weight reduction with regards to PA and SB change.Methods:1745 adolescents aged 15.1 years from PRALIMAP trial was included (n = 840 for screening and care group and n = 905 for control group). PA and SB time (international physical activity questionnaire: IPAQ), body mass index (BMI), and BMI z-score were assessed at inclusion and after 2-year intervention. Hierarchical mixed models were applied.Results:Compared with the control group, screening and care strategy was associated with an increase in global PA (58 min/week), a moderate PA (43 min/week), the adherence to the French PA guidelines (OR = 1.3), and a decrease in SB (−198 min/week). The 2-year weight change decreased when adjusted for PA and SB suggesting that the effect of screening and care strategy was partly mediated by PA and SB.Conclusion:Screening and care intervention seemed to be effective in increasing PA and decreasing SB. The induced PA and SB modifications contributed to the observed weight change.

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