The Circumferential Evaluation of Subtrochanteric Femoral Cortical Thickness and Medullary Canal Diameter According to Age and Gender

Introduction While the gold standard for simulation training in hand surgery is cadaveric hands, ethical issues and cost limit their use. Chicken thighbones have been utilised to replicate human metacarpals but there is a lack of literature to validate such a model. The aim of this study was to determine whether chicken femurs are morphologically similar to human metacarpal bones. Methods Computed tomography imaging was obtained of hands undertaken at our institute between 1 January and 31 December 2015. A total of 114 chicken thighs were also scanned. Bones with previous trauma or incomplete imaging were excluded. Bone length, distance to isthmus, radius of curvature, medullary canal diameter and cortical thickness were compared between the groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, with statistical significance implied with a p-value of < 0.05. Results A total of 146 human CT scans were identified, of which 36 were included in the study, resulting in 158 human metacarpals in 5 female and 31 male patients, with an average age of 39.5 years (range: 16–77 years). Of 114 chickens scanned, 101 were suitable for analysis. Mean length, distance to isthmus, radius of curvature, medullary canal diameter and cortical thickness were 57.3mm (standard deviation [SD]: 8.7mm), 32.9mm (SD: 8.2mm), 68.8mm (SD: 19.5mm), 9.3mm (SD: 1.6mm) and 1.7mm (SD: 0.4mm) respectively in human metacarpals, compared with 66.7mm (SD: 5.1mm), 34.1mm (SD: 6.4mm), 89.1mm (SD: 15.1mm), 6.4mm (SD: 0.6mm) and 1.6mm (SD: 0.1mm) respectively in chicken femurs. There was no significant difference in bone geometry between the groups, with p-values of >0.05 for all parameters described. Conclusions The chicken thigh model provides an anatomically suitable and more cost effective alternative to human cadaveric metacarpals in simulation training for hand surgery.

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Age- and gender-related regional variations of human brain cortical thickness, complexity, and gradient in the third decade

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.22369 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 2817-2835 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maud Creze ◽

Leslie Versheure ◽

Pierre Besson ◽

Chloe Sauvage ◽

Xavier Leclerc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Regional Variations ◽

The Third ◽

And Gender

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Proximal Femoral Cortical Thickness and Medullary Canal Diameter in Soft and Hard Water Regions

Open Journal of Orthopedics ◽

10.4236/ojo.2016.63009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 06 (03) ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

Ahmed Elmorsy ◽

Sarah Whitehouse ◽

John Timperley ◽

Stephen Veitch

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Hard Water ◽

Medullary Canal ◽

Canal Diameter

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Prefrontal cortical thickness related to negative symptoms in antipsychotic-naive, first-episode psychotic patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.460 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S197-S197

Author(s):

D. Guinart ◽

D. Bergé ◽

A. Mané ◽

L. Galindo ◽

O. Vilarroya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Clinical Feature ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Cortical Thinning ◽

And Gender

IntroductionA significant cortical thinning has been repeatedly observed in adult-onset first-episode schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, mostly in medial and inferior prefrontal cortices. However, it is yet unclear whether all these replicated alterations are related to any particular clinical feature.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate differences of cortical thickness in a sample of first-episode, drug-naive psychotic patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls and explore clinical correlates of these parameters regarding negative symptoms.MethodsHigh-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 23 antipsychotic-naive, first-episode psychotic patients and 26 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Clinical features were measured with the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and after a 2-month follow-up period.ResultsNo differences were found regarding age or gender when comparing patients and controls. We found a significant cortical thinning in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex and in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex in patients compared to healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Regarding clinical performance, no correlation was found at baseline between left medial orbitofrontal nor right lateral ortitofrontal cortical thickness and scores of the negative subscale of the PANSS. However, at the 2-month evaluation clinical performances were significantly associated to the left medial orbitofrontal cortical thickness values.ConclusionsCortical thickness alterations in prefontal cortex appear to be present at disease onset and these alterations may relate to clinical outcome. However, our findings must be considered just as exploratory. Larger longitudinal studies may help characterize, replicate and consolidate these findings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Anatomical and Radiological Considerations of the Fifth Metatarsal Bone

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/107110070002100305 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 212-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Nabil A. Ebraheim ◽

Steve P. Haman ◽

Jike Lu ◽

Thomas G. Padanilam ◽

Richard A. Yeasting

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Lateral View ◽

Medullary Canal ◽

Metatarsal Bone ◽

Bone Stock ◽

Lateral Cortex ◽

Canal Diameter ◽

Medial Cortex ◽

Intramedullary Canal

Twenty cadaver fifth metatarsals were harvested from cadaver feet. They were then sectioned coronally in three locations. The cortical thickness (medial, lateral, dorsal, and plantar) and the intra-medullary canal diameter (dorsoplantar and mediolateral) were measured at the three sectional sites. The intra-medullary canal of six specimens was outlined with radiopaque solder wire. The canal was then examined radiographically with the lateral and dorsoplantar views. A lateral bow on the dorsoplantar view was observed in some specimens, which could contribute to surgical complications. On lateral view the intramedullary canal appeared straight in all specimens. The canal projects at least partially into the fifth metatarsal cuboid joint. When considering intra-medullary fixation a surgeon must take into account quality of bone stock and bowing of the canal. A bowed intra-medullary canal lends to vulnerability of the medial cortex at roughly mid-shaft of the fifth metatarsal. The canal has a narrower diameter in the dorsoplantar dimension than the mediolateral dimension. The cortical thickness was found to be less in the dorsal and plantar areas of the fifth metatarsal when compared to medial and lateral cortex. All of these findings lead to causes for complication in intra-medullary fixation of the fifth metatarsal.

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