Disruptive Nanozyme Technology for futuristic Bio-Medical and Bio-imaging Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Artificial Enzymes ◽  
Biochemical Reactions ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Environmental Challenge

: Biocatalysts or enzymes have a pivotal role in speeding up most of the biochemical reactions that drives life processes. Although substrate specific and promising, there are some pitfalls that limit their use for wide application. To counteract the shortcomings, artificial enzymes possessing enzyme characteristics with additional qualities have been devised and that kick-started in the late 2000s. This review aims to provide an overview of nanozymes, designing concept, nanomaterials and applications. To begin with, the limitations encountered by natural enzymes and its replacement with nanozymes have been highlighted. Secondly, how nanozymes evolved in due course of time, classification and engineering strategies have been briefly described. Most importantly, the engineering of nanozymes for improved catalytic activities have also been discussed. A clear distinction between the enzymatic-mimic for various clinical and bioimaging applications has been critically reviewed. With this rapidly emerging technology, there would be a great demand pertaining to scalability, biosafety, catalytic diversity and environmental challenge needs much consideration.

scholarly journals Catalytically potent and selective clusterzymes for modulation of neuroinflammation through single-atom substitutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haile Liu ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Si Sun ◽  
Qi Xin ◽  
Shuhu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Reactions ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Artificial Enzymes ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Substrate Selectivity ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Enzyme Mimicking

AbstractEmerging artificial enzymes with reprogrammed and augmented catalytic activity and substrate selectivity have long been pursued with sustained efforts. The majority of current candidates have rather poor catalytic activity compared with natural molecules. To tackle this limitation, we design artificial enzymes based on a structurally well-defined Au25 cluster, namely clusterzymes, which are endowed with intrinsic high catalytic activity and selectivity driven by single-atom substitutions with modulated bond lengths. Au24Cu1 and Au24Cd1 clusterzymes exhibit 137 and 160 times higher antioxidant capacities than natural trolox, respectively. Meanwhile, the clusterzymes demonstrate preferential enzyme-mimicking catalytic activities, with Au25, Au24Cu1 and Au24Cd1 displaying compelling selectivity in glutathione peroxidase-like (GPx-like), catalase-like (CAT-like) and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activities, respectively. Au24Cu1 decreases peroxide in injured brain via catalytic reactions, while Au24Cd1 preferentially uses superoxide and nitrogenous signal molecules as substrates, and significantly decreases inflammation factors, indicative of an important role in mitigating neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals Implementation of Geospatial Labeling using Time of Arrival and Cramer-Rao bound approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
M Thanjaivadivel ◽  
Ignatious K. Pious
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Nonlinear Estimation ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Localization Algorithms ◽  
Cramer Rao Bound ◽  
Minimal Effort

Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most emerging technology worldwide and also plays pivotal role in sensing data and also provide communication between “things”. In this paper, we implement calculation for geospatial labeling for Internet-of-Things (IoT) sort applications, which we indicate as location-of-things (LoT). The hidden thought of LoT applications is to utilize minimal effort of TW-ToA extending gadgets to perform restriction of labels. Two Way(TW) is a agreeable technique for deciding the range between two radio handset units. At the point when synchronization of the oscillators of the included transmitters is not reasonable, henceforth the tickers vary, at that point applying the estimation as a two courses go to the beneficiary and reflected back to the transmitter makes up for a portion of the stage contrasts between the oscillators included. We first propose TW-ToA localization algorithms may encounter execution debasement in situations where a portion of the APs are outside the correspondence scope of the labels. We at that point demonstrate that we can make utilization of the audible data (which demonstrates whether an AP is capable or unfit to speak with the labels). We also re-formulate the restriction issue as a factual nonlinear estimation issue. To avoid ambiguity problem that arises only at few  APs this has been sorted using Cramer-Rao bound approach. 

scholarly journals Aldehyde catalysis – from simple aldehydes to artificial enzymes

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (58) ◽  
pp. 35433-35448
Author(s):  
Zeqin Yuan ◽  
Jun Liao ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Peng Cao ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Enzymes ◽  
Catalytic Activities

An overview of bio-inspired aldehyde catalysis is presented. High and sustainable catalytic activities of aldehydes are shown in different reactions.

The Impact of Visual Stereotypes on Judgments about Rape

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Robert Busching ◽  
Johannes Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Rape Myth ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Legal Judgments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Legally irrelevant information like facial features is used to form judgments about rape cases. Using a reverse-correlation technique, it is possible to visualize criminal stereotypes and test whether these representations influence judgments. In the first step, images of the stereotypical faces of a rapist, a thief, and a lifesaver were generated. These images showed a clear distinction between the lifesaver and the two criminal representations, but the criminal representations were rather similar. In the next step, the images were presented together with rape scenarios, and participants (N = 153) indicated the defendant’s level of liability. Participants with high rape myth acceptance scores attributed a lower level of liability to a defendant who resembled a stereotypical lifesaver. However, no specific effects of the image of the stereotypical rapist compared to the stereotypical thief were found. We discuss the findings with respect to the influence of visual stereotypes on legal judgments and the nature of these mental representations.

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