scholarly journals Childhood Adversities and Traumata in Lebanon: A National Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Itani ◽  
Youmna C Haddad ◽  
John Fayyad ◽  
Aimee Karam ◽  
Elie Karam
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
National Study ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Personal Trauma

Background: The goal of this paper is to map the total occurrence and evaluate the risk of co-occurrence of childhood adversities (CA) and a wide variety of childhood traumatic events (including war) in a national sample. Method: The nationally representative sample included 2,857 respondents and the instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview which screened for all CAs and traumatic events. Results: 27.9% experienced CAs; the most common were parental death and parental mental/substance use disorder. 70.6% experienced a war-related traumatic event during their lifetime, and around half of them (38.1%) experienced it below the age of 18 years. 51.3% of the subjects experienced a traumatic event not related to war during their lifetime, and 19.2% experienced it before the age of 18 years. Sexual abuse, being a refugee during war, and experiencing a natural disaster were associated with female gender. Having any CA was associated with active war exposure (OR: 4.2, CI: 2.0-8.6); war-related direct personal trauma (OR: 3.9, CI: 1.5-10.0); war-related trauma to others (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.3-4.4); non-war direct personal trauma (OR: 3.8, CI: 2.0-7.4); and any non-war childhood traumatic event (OR: 1.9, CI: 1.1-3.1). Conclusion:Childhood is awash with adversities and traumatic events that co-occur and should be measured simultaneously; otherwise, the effects of a subset of traumata or adversities could be wrongly thought to be the contributor to negative outcomes under study.

scholarly journals Traumatic events and psychotic experiences: a nationally representative study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kilian ◽  
S. Supanya ◽  
C. Probst ◽  
C. Morgan ◽  
T. Bärnighausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Lifetime Experience ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims Most research exploring the link between traumatic events and psychotic experiences has focused on either Australia, Europe or North America. In this study, we expand the existing knowledge to Thailand and investigate the impact of the type and the number of traumatic events on psychotic experiences in Thailand. Methods We used data from the nationally representative 2013 Thai National Mental Health Survey (TNMHS), including questions on traumatic events and psychotic experiences. We regressed the lifetime experience of hallucinations or delusions against the following independent variables: the experience of any traumatic event during lifetime (dichotomous; hypothesis 1); the experience of either no traumatic event, one interpersonal, one unintentional or both interpersonal and unintentional traumatic events (categorical; hypothesis 2) and the number of traumatic events experienced during lifetime (categorical; hypothesis 3). We adjusted the regression models for sociodemographic indicators and psychiatric disorders, and considered survey weights. Results About 6% (95% confidence interval: 4.9–7.0) of the respondents stated that they had either hallucinatory or delusional experiences during their lifetime. The risk of reporting such experiences was more than doubled as high among respondents who had experienced at least one traumatic event during their lifetime than among those who had not yet experienced one, with higher risks for interpersonal or multiple traumatic events. Our results further indicated an increase in the risk of psychotic experiences as the number of traumatic events increased, with up to an eight-fold higher risk for people exposed to five or more traumatic events in their lifetime, compared to those with no traumatic events. Conclusions Individuals reporting interpersonal or multiple traumatic events face much higher risk of psychotic experiences. Effective and widely accessible secondary prevention programmes for people having experienced interpersonal or multiple traumatic events constitute a key intervention option.

scholarly journals Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110454
Author(s):  
William Tamayo-Aguledo ◽  
Alida Acosta-Ortiz ◽  
Aseel Hamid ◽  
Carolina Gómez-García ◽  
María Camila García-Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

Background: The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood. Aims: Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12 to 17-year-old adolescents ( N = 1,754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm and displacement by armed conflict. Results: Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85–0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85–0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders.

Flourishing After a Stroke: A Nationally Representative Portrait of Resilience and Mental Health Among Older Canadians

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Lisa A. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, complete mental health (CMH) among stroke survivors aged 50+ years. Method: Bivariate and logistic regression analyses of nationally representative data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health of 11,157 older adults aged 50+ years (300 stroke survivors). CMH included all of these elements: (a) absence of any past-year mental illness (measured by the World Health Organization version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview [WHO-CIDI] scales), (b) almost daily happiness or satisfaction, and (c) psychological and social well-being. Results: Two thirds of the stroke survivors (68%) were in CMH. Among stroke survivors, the odds of CMH were higher among those with at least one confidant (odds ratio [OR] = 4.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.52, 12.41]), those without disabling chronic pain (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = [1.24, 4.41]), and those without a history of childhood maltreatment (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = [1.09, 4.05]), depression (OR = 3.83; 95% CI = [1.10, 13.37]), or generalized anxiety disorders (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = [1.19, 9.79]). Discussion: These findings provide encouraging information for stroke survivors.

scholarly journals The prevalence of family childhood adversities and their association with first onset of DSM-IV disorders in metropolitan China

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lee ◽  
W. J. Guo ◽  
A. Tsang ◽  
Y. L. He ◽  
Y. Q. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Best Fitting

BackgroundThe prevalence of family childhood adversities (FCAs) and their joint effects on the first onset of subsequent mental disorders throughout the life course are rarely examined, especially in Asian communities.MethodFace-to-face household interviews of 5201 people aged 18–70 years in Beijing and Shanghai were conducted by a multi-stage household probability sampling method. The first onsets of four broad groups of mental disorders and six categories of FCAs were assessed using The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Joint effects of FCAs were analyzed by the best fitting of several competitive multivariate models.ResultsFCAs were highly prevalent and inter-correlated. Half of them were in a family-dysfunction cluster. The best-fitting model included each of six types of FCA (with family-dysfunction FCAs being the strongest predictors), number of family-dysfunction FCAs, and number of other FCAs. Family-dysfunction FCAs had a significant subadditive association with subsequent disorders. Little specificity was found for the effects of particular FCAs with particular disorders. Predictive effects of FCAs reached the highest in ages 13–24 compared to ages 4–12 and ⩾25. Estimates of population-attributable risk proportions indicated that all FCAs together explained 38.5% of all first-onset disorders.ConclusionsChinese children were exposed to a broad spectrum of inter-related FCAs, as found in Western countries. FCAs related to family dysfunction were especially associated with subsequent mental disorders. Biological and/or environmental factors that mediate these long-term effects should be studied in prospective research on broad groups of FCAs.

Non-disabled cases in a national survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HENDERSON ◽  
A. KORTEN ◽  
J. MEDWAY
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Reported Data

Background. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of mental disorders consistently reported in large-scale community surveys have met with deserved scepticism. A crucial variable is the extent to which people who are considered cases are also disabled by their symptoms. In a national population survey, we hypothesized that an administratively significant proportion of persons with anxiety or depressive disorders according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV would report no disability.Methods. Interviews were sought on a nationally representative sample of people aged 18 and over across Australia. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview on laptop (CIDI-A) was used by professional survey interviewers to identify persons meeting ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders in the previous 4 weeks, together with self-reported data on associated disability and medical consultations for the same period.Results. In an achieved sample of 10641 persons (response rate = 78%), no disability in daily life was reported by 28% of persons with an anxiety disorder and 15% with a depressive disorder by ICD-10 criteria; and by 20·4% and 13·9% respectively by DSM-IV. Non-disabled respondents had lower scores on two measures of psychological distress and markedly lower rates for having consulted a doctor for their symptoms.Conclusion. The ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for anxiety and depressive disorders, when applied to the information on symptoms elicited by the CIDI-A, inadequately discriminate between people who are and are not disabled by their symptoms. There may be a group of highly symptomatic people in the general population who tolerate their symptoms and are not disabled by them.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: Lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Medina-Mora ◽  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
Corina Benjet ◽  
Carmen Lara ◽  
Patricia Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundNo national data on lifetime prevalence and risk factors for DSM–IV psychiatric disorders are available in Mexico.AimsTo present data on lifetime prevalence and projected lifetime risk, age at onset and demographic correlates of DSM–IV psychiatric disorders assessed in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey.MethodThe survey was based on a multistage area probability sample of non-institutionalised people aged 18–65 years in urban Mexico. The World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered by lay interviewers.ResultsOf those surveyed, 26.1% had experienced at least one psychiatric disorder in their life and 36.4% of Mexicans will eventually experience one of these disorders. Half of the population who present with a psychiatric disorder do so by the age of 21 and younger cohorts are at greater risk for most disorders.ConclusionsOur results suggest an urgent need to re-evaluate the resources allocated for the detection and treatment of psychiatric illnesses in Mexico.

The natural history of somatization in primary care

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
OYE GUREJE ◽  
GREGORY E. SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Stratified Sample

Background. Somatization is often regarded as a chronic disorder. However, empirical studies to support this view and to determine its natural history in primary care are lacking. This paper provides data on the incidence and persistence of current somatization syndrome in a large cross-national sample drawn from 15 sites in 14 countries.Methods. After screening with the General Health Questionnaire, a stratified sample of 5438 primary care patients was interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and evaluated for physical health status, self-rated overall health and for occupational disability. Twelve months later, 3204 of the patients completed follow-up interviews.Results. Over a 12-month period, an abridged form of somatization defined as four current symptoms in males and six in females was persistent in 45·9% of the patients. Persistence of syndrome was related to age and to subjective indices of psychological distress at baseline. Persistence was unrelated to depression. The 12-month incidence of the abridged somatization syndrome was 7·1% (95% CI, 6·1–8·3%). Individuals with depression at baseline and those with poor view of their health were more likely to develop new episodes of somatization 12-months later.Conclusion. Somatization syndrome showed considerable change over time. Persistence and onset of somatization were related to both level of psychopathology and health beliefs.

scholarly journals Depression as a Risk Factor for Physical Illness and Multimorbidity in a Cohort with No Prior Comorbidity: La Dépression Comme Facteur de Risque de Maladie Physique et de Multimorbidité Dans Une Cohorte Sans Comorbidité Antérieure

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372097483
Author(s):  
Allanah Li ◽  
Laura C. Rosella ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Walter P. Wodchis
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Regular Doctor

Objective: This study examines whether depression is associated with the development of physical illness and multimorbidity, after controlling for socioeconomic, behavioral, and other potential confounders. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in which adult respondents to three nationally representative population health surveys were linked to health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, and followed for 10 years from survey index. Respondents with any of the study outcome conditions at baseline were excluded to create a final cohort of 29,838 participants. The main exposure of interest was depression, measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form for Major Depression. We controlled for age, body mass index, marital status, immigrant status, annual household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, health status, and having a regular doctor. The outcome measure was the development of physical illness over 10 years of follow-up, defined as 1 of 15 common chronic conditions using administrative data. Results: Among the 29,838 participants (15,259 [51%] female), 8% of females and 4% of males had depression at baseline. In this cohort with no comorbidities at baseline, even in the fully adjusted model, depression increased the risk of developing a first physical illness for females (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26) and males (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.36) and increased the risk of developing a second physical illness for females (HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.33) over 10 years of follow-up. Conclusions: For individuals with no prior comorbidities, depression is associated with a greater risk of developing subsequent physical illness and multimorbidity over time. Thus, depression identifies a population of people who may benefit from early identification, additional screening, and intervention. Further study needs to be done to determine whether interventions to manage and support people with depression can prevent or delay the increased risk of multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tamayo-Aguledo ◽  
Alida Acosta-Ortiz ◽  
Aseel Hamid ◽  
Carolina Gomez-Garcia ◽  
Maria Camila Garcia-Duran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

Background: The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood. Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12-17-year-old adolescents (N = 1754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm, and displacement by armed conflict. Results: Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85 - 0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86 - 0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86 - 0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85 - 0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders.

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