The prevalence of family childhood adversities and their association with first onset of DSM-IV disorders in metropolitan China

BackgroundThe prevalence of family childhood adversities (FCAs) and their joint effects on the first onset of subsequent mental disorders throughout the life course are rarely examined, especially in Asian communities.MethodFace-to-face household interviews of 5201 people aged 18–70 years in Beijing and Shanghai were conducted by a multi-stage household probability sampling method. The first onsets of four broad groups of mental disorders and six categories of FCAs were assessed using The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Joint effects of FCAs were analyzed by the best fitting of several competitive multivariate models.ResultsFCAs were highly prevalent and inter-correlated. Half of them were in a family-dysfunction cluster. The best-fitting model included each of six types of FCA (with family-dysfunction FCAs being the strongest predictors), number of family-dysfunction FCAs, and number of other FCAs. Family-dysfunction FCAs had a significant subadditive association with subsequent disorders. Little specificity was found for the effects of particular FCAs with particular disorders. Predictive effects of FCAs reached the highest in ages 13–24 compared to ages 4–12 and ⩾25. Estimates of population-attributable risk proportions indicated that all FCAs together explained 38.5% of all first-onset disorders.ConclusionsChinese children were exposed to a broad spectrum of inter-related FCAs, as found in Western countries. FCAs related to family dysfunction were especially associated with subsequent mental disorders. Biological and/or environmental factors that mediate these long-term effects should be studied in prospective research on broad groups of FCAs.

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Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101253 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 200 (4) ◽

pp. 290-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Katie A. McLaughlin ◽

Anne M. Gadermann ◽

Irving Hwang ◽

Nancy A. Sampson ◽

Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Antisocial Behaviour ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

World Health ◽

Parent Psychopathology ◽

World Mental Health

BackgroundAssociations between specific parent and offspring mental disorders are likely to have been overestimated in studies that have failed to control for parent comorbidity.AimsTo examine the associations of parent with respondent disorders.MethodData come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys (n = 51 507). Respondent disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and parent disorders with informant-based Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria interviews.ResultsAlthough virtually all parent disorders examined (major depressive, generalised anxiety, panic, substance and antisocial behaviour disorders and suicidality) were significantly associated with offspring disorders in multivariate analyses, little specificity was found. Comorbid parent disorders had significant sub-additive associations with offspring disorders. Population-attributable risk proportions for parent disorders were 12.4% across all offspring disorders, generally higher in high- and upper-middle- than low-/lower-middle-income countries, and consistently higher for behaviour (11.0–19.9%) than other (7.1–14.0%) disorders.ConclusionsParent psychopathology is a robust non-specific predictor associated with a substantial proportion of offspring disorders.

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Role of common mental and physical disorders in partial disability around the world

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.111.097519 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 200 (6) ◽

pp. 454-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Ronny Bruffaerts ◽

Gemma Vilagut ◽

Koen Demyttenaere ◽

Jordi Alonso ◽

Ali AlHamzawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

World Health ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

The World ◽

Physical Disorders ◽

Societal Level ◽

The Individual

BackgroundMental and physical disorders are associated with total disability, but their effects on days with partial disability (i.e. the ability to perform some, but not full-role, functioning in daily life) are not well understood.AimsTo estimate individual (i.e. the consequences for an individual with a disorder) and societal effects (i.e. the avoidable partial disability in the society due to disorders) of mental and physical disorders on days with partial disability around the world.MethodRespondents from 26 nationally representative samples (n = 61 259, age 18+) were interviewed regarding mental and physical disorders, and day-to-day functioning. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to assess mental disorders; partial disability (expressed in full day equivalents) was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule in the CIDI 3.0.ResultsRespondents with disorders reported about 1.58 additional disability days per month compared with respondents without disorders. At the individual level, mental disorders (especially post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and bipolar disorder) yielded a higher number of days with disability than physical disorders. At the societal level, the population attributable risk proportion due to physical and mental disorders was 49% and 15% respectively.ConclusionsMental and physical disorders have a considerable impact on partial disability, at both the individual and at the societal level. Physical disorders yielded higher effects on partial disability than mental disorders.

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Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 197 (5) ◽

pp. 378-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 974

Author(s):

Ronald C. Kessler ◽

Katie A. McLaughlin ◽

Jennifer Greif Green ◽

Michael J. Gruber ◽

Nancy A. Sampson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Parental Mental Illness ◽

Childhood Adversities ◽

World Mental Health ◽

First Onset ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundAlthough significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders.AimsTo examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM–IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries.MethodNationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM–IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).ResultsChildhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8% of all disorders across countries.ConclusionsChildhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators.

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Psychiatric comorbidity and intellectual disability

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

K Keyes

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Capital Punishment ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Axis I

Abstract Most research on the prevalence, distribution, and psychiatric comorbidity of intellectual disability (ID) relies on clinical samples, limiting the generalizability and utility of ID assessment in a legal context. This study assessed ID prevalence in a population-representative sample of U.S. adolescents, and examined associations of ID with socio-demographic factors and mental disorders. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (N = 6256). ID was defined as: 1) IQ ≤ 76, measured using the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; and 2) an adaptive behavior score ≤76, measured using a validated scale. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed fifteen lifetime mental disorders. The Sheehan disability scale assessed disorder severity. We used logistic regression models to estimate differences in lifetime disorders for adolescents with and without ID. ID prevalence was 3.2%, and was more common among those with specific phobia (OR = 1.66, 95% C.I. 1.02, 2.68), bipolar disorder (OR = 7.24, 95% C.I. 2.10-24.99), after adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Among those with Axis I psychiatric disorder, adolescents with ID and mental disorders were significantly more likely to exhibit severe impairment than those without ID, across a broad range of disorders. These findings highlight how sample selection and overlap between ID and psychopathology symptoms might bias understanding of the mental health consequences of ID. For example, associations between ID and behavior disorders widely reported in clinical samples were not observed in a population-representative sample after adjustment for socio-demographic confounders. Valid assessment and understanding of these constructs may prove influential in the legal system by influencing treatment referrals and capital punishment decisions.

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Analysis of mental disorders in tinnitus patients performed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview

Quality of Life Research ◽

10.1007/s11136-012-0338-9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 2095-2104 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

N. Zirke ◽

C. Seydel ◽

D. Arsoy ◽

B. F. Klapp ◽

H. Haupt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview

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Childhood Adversities and Traumata in Lebanon: A National Study

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017901410010116 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 116-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lynn Itani ◽

Youmna C Haddad ◽

John Fayyad ◽

Aimee Karam ◽

Elie Karam

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Event ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Female Gender ◽

National Sample ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

National Study ◽

Childhood Adversities ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Personal Trauma

Background: The goal of this paper is to map the total occurrence and evaluate the risk of co-occurrence of childhood adversities (CA) and a wide variety of childhood traumatic events (including war) in a national sample. Method: The nationally representative sample included 2,857 respondents and the instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview which screened for all CAs and traumatic events. Results: 27.9% experienced CAs; the most common were parental death and parental mental/substance use disorder. 70.6% experienced a war-related traumatic event during their lifetime, and around half of them (38.1%) experienced it below the age of 18 years. 51.3% of the subjects experienced a traumatic event not related to war during their lifetime, and 19.2% experienced it before the age of 18 years. Sexual abuse, being a refugee during war, and experiencing a natural disaster were associated with female gender. Having any CA was associated with active war exposure (OR: 4.2, CI: 2.0-8.6); war-related direct personal trauma (OR: 3.9, CI: 1.5-10.0); war-related trauma to others (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.3-4.4); non-war direct personal trauma (OR: 3.8, CI: 2.0-7.4); and any non-war childhood traumatic event (OR: 1.9, CI: 1.1-3.1). Conclusion:Childhood is awash with adversities and traumatic events that co-occur and should be measured simultaneously; otherwise, the effects of a subset of traumata or adversities could be wrongly thought to be the contributor to negative outcomes under study.

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The relationship between mental disorders and actual and desired subjective social status

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796019000805 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. A. de Vries ◽

M. ten Have ◽

R. de Graaf ◽

S. van Dorsselaer ◽

N. M. P. de Ruiter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Social Status ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Subjective Social Status ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Nuanced Understanding ◽

Healthy Participants

Abstract Aims Mental disorders are associated with lower subjective social status (SSS), but a more nuanced understanding of this relationship is needed. We examined the influence of disorder age of onset and recency on SSS and studied whether mental disorders are also associated with the discrepancy between actual and desired SSS. Method Data are from the baseline and second wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), while both actual and desired SSS were assessed with a ten-rung ladder. Linear regression was used to examine the association between mental disorders and SSS. Results Of 5303 participants, 2237 had a lifetime mental disorder at baseline. These participants reported significantly lower actual SSS (6.28) at follow-up than healthy participants (6.66, B = −0.38 [95% CI −0.48 to −0.27], p < 0.001) and a significantly greater actual-desired SSS discrepancy (1.14 v. 1.05 after controlling for actual SSS, B = 0.09 [0.01–0.17], p = 0.024). Lower age of onset of the first mental disorder was marginally significantly associated with lower actual SSS (B = 0.006 [0.000–0.012], p = 0.046). More recent disorders were also associated with lower actual SSS (B = 0.015 [0.005–0.026], p = 0.005), such that participants whose disorder remitted ⩾6 years before baseline were statistically indistinguishable from healthy participants. Conclusions Lifetime mental disorders are associated with lower actual SSS and a slightly greater discrepancy between actual and desired SSS. However, people with mental disorders in (long-term) remission have a similar social status as healthy participants.

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The individual and societal effects of non-psychotic serious mental disorders on earnings in Belgium

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.12.006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronny Bruffaerts ◽

Anke Bonnewyn ◽

Koen Demyttenaere

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alcohol Disorders ◽

Individual Level ◽

Considerable Impact ◽

The Individual ◽

Annual Earnings

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between non-psychotic serious mental disorders and earnings in the general population of Belgium on both the individual- and society-level.Subjects and methodsData stem from a cross-sectional population study of the non-institutionalized adult (between 18 and 64) population from Belgium (N = 863). The third version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0) was administered to assess 12-month non-psychotic serious mental disorders and annual earnings. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate the observed and estimated annual earnings for persons with serious mental disorders, controlling for sociodemographic variables and alcohol disorders.ResultsOn the individual-level, 12-month serious mental disorders significantly predicted the probability of having any earnings (OR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.14–0.74). Respondents with serious mental disorders had 12-month earnings of 5969€ less than expected in the absence of serious mental disorders. Taking into account the prevalence of serious mental disorders (i.e. 4.9%), the society-level effects of serious mental disorders in 2002 can be estimated at about 1797 million € per year for the Belgian general population.DiscussionNon-psychotic serious mental disorders had considerable impact on annual earnings.ConclusionThis is the first study in Belgium that addresses the association between mental illness and earnings. Serious mental disorders are associated with individual- and societal-level impairments and loss of human capital.

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Australia's Mental Health: An Overview of the General Population Survey

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00686.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 197-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 241

Author(s):

Scott Henderson ◽

Gavin Andrews ◽

Wayne Hall

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Social Role ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Adult Population ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month and 1-year prevalence of mental disorders in the Australian adult population; to determine the amount of disablement associated with this; and to determine the use of health and other services by persons with common mental disorders. Method: For the Adult Survey, a household sample of 10 600 persons aged 18 years and over were interviewed across Australia by experienced field staff of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This was 78%% of the target sample. The interview consisted of the composite international diagnostic interview in its automated presentation (CIDI-A) and other components to determine disablement, use of services and satisfaction with services received. The diagnostic classifications used in the analyses were both ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Only the results from ICD-10 are reported here. Results: A total of 17.7%% of the sample had one or more common mental disorders, anxiety, depression, alcohol or substance abuse and neurasthenia. This morbidity was associated with considerable disablement in daily life: 3 days of impaired social role performance in the previous 4 weeks, compared with 1 day for the general population. Of all cases, 64.6%% had had no contact with health services in the previous year; 29.4%% had seen GPs and 7.5%% had seen psychiatrists. Conclusion: Australia now has its own national estimates of psychiatric morbidity. The morbidity is associated with considerable disablement, but most of it is untreated. General practitioners encounter by far the largest proportion of those reaching services.

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