Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia

Background: The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood. Aims: Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12 to 17-year-old adolescents ( N = 1,754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm and displacement by armed conflict. Results: Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85–0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85–0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders.

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Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia

10.1101/2021.06.24.21259443 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

William Tamayo-Aguledo ◽

Alida Acosta-Ortiz ◽

Aseel Hamid ◽

Carolina Gomez-Garcia ◽

Maria Camila Garcia-Duran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Capital ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Armed Conflict ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Cognitive Social Capital

Background: The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood. Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12-17-year-old adolescents (N = 1754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm, and displacement by armed conflict. Results: Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85 - 0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86 - 0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86 - 0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85 - 0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders.

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Flourishing After a Stroke: A Nationally Representative Portrait of Resilience and Mental Health Among Older Canadians

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264318822228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (5-6) ◽

pp. 308-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽

Lisa A. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Well Being ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

World Health ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽

Nationally Representative

Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, complete mental health (CMH) among stroke survivors aged 50+ years. Method: Bivariate and logistic regression analyses of nationally representative data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health of 11,157 older adults aged 50+ years (300 stroke survivors). CMH included all of these elements: (a) absence of any past-year mental illness (measured by the World Health Organization version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview [WHO-CIDI] scales), (b) almost daily happiness or satisfaction, and (c) psychological and social well-being. Results: Two thirds of the stroke survivors (68%) were in CMH. Among stroke survivors, the odds of CMH were higher among those with at least one confidant (odds ratio [OR] = 4.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.52, 12.41]), those without disabling chronic pain (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = [1.24, 4.41]), and those without a history of childhood maltreatment (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = [1.09, 4.05]), depression (OR = 3.83; 95% CI = [1.10, 13.37]), or generalized anxiety disorders (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = [1.19, 9.79]). Discussion: These findings provide encouraging information for stroke survivors.

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Associations of individual social capital with subjective well-being and mental health among migrants: a survey from five cities in China

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihz041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S64-S71 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yongkai Zhu ◽

Junling Gao ◽

Xin Nie ◽

Junming Dai ◽

Hua Fu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Capital ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Social Participation ◽

Well Being ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Internal Migrants ◽

Social Capitals ◽

Cognitive Social Capital

Abstract Background We aimed to examine the associations of cognitive and structural social capital with subjective well-being (SWB) and mental health among internal migrants in five cities in China. Methods We conducted healthy cities surveys from June 2017 to April 2018. In total, 3038 migrants submitted surveys. Generalized linear regressions for SWB and logistic regressions for mental health were used to examine the associations of social capital, SWB and mental health after controlling for covariates. Results The median level of SWB was 75.7 (interquartile range 62.9–85.7). Self-rated health and physical activity were positively associated with SWB. The SWB level among migrants who perceived high individual social cohesion was much higher than that of their counterparts (unstandardized coefficients, β=7.01 [95% confidence interval {CI} 5.82 to 8.21]). The prevalence of poor mental health was 10.0%. High social cohesion (odds ratio [OR] 0.32 [95% CI 0.24 to 0.44]) and high social participation (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.57 to 0.97]) were significantly associated with a low ratio of poor mental health when compared with their counterparts. Conclusions Cognitive social capital is positively associated with SWB, while both cognitive and structural social capitals were negatively associated with poor mental health. It is beneficial to migrants’ mental health and SWB to promote social participation and social cohesion.

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Mental Health and Economic Concerns from March to May during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada

10.31235/osf.io/76me2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Zajacova ◽

Anthony Jehn ◽

Matthew Stackhouse ◽

Kate H. Choi ◽

Patrick Denice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Female Gender ◽

Time Frame ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Economic Security ◽

Economic Stress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Age ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Fair Poor

Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the psychological wellbeing of populations worldwide. In this study, we assess changes in mental health during the early months of the pandemic in Canada and examine its relationship with another prominent problem during this time, economic concerns. MethodsAnalyses were based on two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (N=4,627 in March and 4,600 in May). We described the changes in mental health and economic concerns between March and May, and assessed the relationship between the two characteristics.ResultsMental health declined significantly during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: the proportion of Canadian adults who reported only good/fair/poor mental health grew from 46% to 52% from March to May. Economic concerns including food insecurity were an important correlate of ‘bad’ mental health, as was younger age, female gender, and Canada-born status. Contrary to expectations, however, economic concerns lessened during this time frame. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that policies to mitigate economic stress, such as Canada’s Emergency Response Benefit, may have eased mental health deterioration in early pandemic months through a reduction in financial hardship. Interventions to increase the economic security of the population will have far-reaching consequences in terms of improved mental health, and should be continued throughout the pandemic.

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Sex Differences in the Association Between Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation and Attempts, Depression, and Psychological Distress Among Canadians

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743718804542 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 345-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jillian E. Halladay ◽

Michael H. Boyle ◽

Catharine Munn ◽

Susan M. Jack ◽

Katholiki Georgiades

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Future Research ◽

Suicidal Thoughts ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nationally Representative

Background: Depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders are leading causes of morbidity worldwide. The most commonly used illicit substance is cannabis and there is some evidence that the association between cannabis use and poor mental health is more pronounced among females compared with males. This analysis examines sex differences in the association between cannabis use and major depressive episode (MDE), suicidal thoughts and attempts, and psychological distress. Methods: This study uses data from the 2002 and 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey’s Mental Health Component, repeated cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative samples of Canadians 15 years of age and older ( n = 43,466). Linear and binary logistic regressions were performed, applying weighting and bootstrapping. Results: There were significant sex differences in the strength of the association between cannabis use and suicidal thoughts and attempts and psychological distress, but not MDE. Females who reported using cannabis occasionally (defined as 1 to 4 times a month) reported higher levels of psychological distress than their male counterparts. Females who reported using regularly (defined as more than once per week) reported higher levels of psychological distress and were more likely to report suicidal thoughts and attempts. Conclusions: Future research is needed to further our understanding of the nature of these sex differences. Public health messaging should incorporate being female as a potential risk factor for the co-occurrence of cannabis use and emotional problems, particularly at higher frequencies of use. Clinicians should also be aware of this association to better inform integrated mental health and substance use screening, discussions, and care, particularly for female patients.

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Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 197 (5) ◽

pp. 378-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 974

Author(s):

Ronald C. Kessler ◽

Katie A. McLaughlin ◽

Jennifer Greif Green ◽

Michael J. Gruber ◽

Nancy A. Sampson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Parental Mental Illness ◽

Childhood Adversities ◽

World Mental Health ◽

First Onset ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundAlthough significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders.AimsTo examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM–IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries.MethodNationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM–IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).ResultsChildhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8% of all disorders across countries.ConclusionsChildhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators.

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A portrait of the early and differential mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: Findings from the first wave of a nationally representative cross-sectional survey

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106333 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106333

Author(s):

Emily K. Jenkins ◽

Corey McAuliffe ◽

Saima Hirani ◽

Chris Richardson ◽

Kimberly C. Thomson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nationally Representative

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Mental health, compliance with measures and health prospects during the COVID-19 epidemic: the role of health literacy

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11437-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lize Hermans ◽

Stephan Van den Broucke ◽

Lydia Gisle ◽

Stefaan Demarest ◽

Rana Charafeddine

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

At Risk ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Physical Distance ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Life ◽

Low Health Literacy

Abstract Background The importance of health literacy in dealing with the COVID-19 epidemic has been emphasized but scarcely addressed empirically. In this study, the association of health literacy with mental health, compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures and health prospects was assessed in a Belgian context. Methods Data were extracted from the third of a series of cross-sectional online COVID-related surveys (n = 32,794). Data collection took place for 1 week starting the 28th of May 2020. People residing in Belgium and aged 18 years or older could participate. Data were collected on sociodemographic background, health literacy, multimorbidity, mental health (depression, anxiety, sleeping disorder, vitality), knowledge about COVID-19, compliance with COVID-19 measures (hygiene, physical distance, covering mouth and nose on public transport and in places where physical distance cannot be respected), and health prospects (risk for health when returning to normal life and possibility of infection). Prevalence Ratio (PR) of poor mental health, non-compliance with the measures and health prospects in relation to health literacy were calculated using Poisson regressions. Results People showing sufficient health literacy were less likely to suffer from anxiety disorders (PR = 0.47, 95% CI = [0.42–0.53]), depression (PR = 0.46, 95% CI = [0.40–0.52]) and sleeping disorders (PR = 0.85, 95% CI = [0.82–0.87]), and more likely to have optimal vitality (PR = 2.41, 95% CI = [2.05–2.84]) than people with low health literacy. They were less at risk of not complying with the COVID-19 measures (PR between 0.60 and 0.83) except one (covering mouth and nose in places where physical distance cannot be respected). Finally, they were less likely to perceive returning to normal life as threatening (PR = 0.70, 95% CI = [0.65–0.77]) and to consider themselves at risk of an infection with COVID-19 (PR = 0.75, 95% CI = [0.67–0.84]). The associations remained significant after controlling for COVID-19 knowledge and multimorbidity. Conclusions These results suggest that health literacy is a crucial factor in managing the COVID-19 epidemic and offer a perspective for future studies that target health literacy in the context of virus outbreaks.

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