Efficacy of Light-Activated Sealant on Enamel Demineralization in Orthodontic Patients: An Atomic Force Microscope Evaluation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of (Pro Seal) sealant in preventing enamel decalcification in-vivo and compare its effect with fluoride varnish and unfilled sealant using atomic force microscopy. Materials and Methods: Eight orthodontic patients who were candidates for extraction of all first premolars for orthodontic treatment were recruited to this study. Thirty two premolars (upper and lower) were randomly divided into four groups (n=8) for each group, 4 maxillary and 4 mandibular); Control (no -treatment); Fluoride varnish, Unfilled sealant (Light Bond) and filled sealant (Pro-Seal). After two months the brackets were debonded and the teeth were extracted and prepared for Atomic force microscopic scanning. Each sample was scanned twice at two different scan areas 50 and 10µm at the buccal cervical third of the crown. Images were recorded with slow scan rate and resolution and the mean roughness height and total surface area were calculated for each scan area. Comparison between groups was performed using one way analysis of variance test with level of significance was set to be 0.05. Results: Pro Seal treated samples show the lowest roughness height and total surface area. Conclusion: Pro Seal was the most effective prophylaxis technique in preventing enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment.

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The perception of COVID-19 among Italian dental patients: an orthodontic point of view

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-021-00355-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Martina ◽

Alessandra Amato ◽

Paolo Faccioni ◽

Alfredo Iandolo ◽

Massimo Amato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Point Of View ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Dental Patients ◽

Patient Health ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Level Of Significance

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the patients’ perception of the dental practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, and whether the pandemic will affect the attendance of orthodontic patients at the dental practice. An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was submitted to Italian dental patients with items about their perceived risks when going to the dentist, concerns about continuing orthodontic treatment, and the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data were analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A total of 1566 subjects completed the survey, including 486 who were under orthodontic treatment or who had a child in orthodontic treatment. A total of 866 participants (55.3%) thought the risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection was higher in a dental practice; this perception was associated with gender (women more than man), age (over 60 years old) and high levels of distress (P<0.001). However, 894 patients (57.1%) felt comfortable going back to the dentist. Most of the orthodontic patients (84%) would continue their treatment. After the lockdown, there was a slight increase in the frequency of TMD pain (356 versus 334). Conclusions Most of the participants believed that the dental practice is a place at greater risk of contracting COVID-19, even if they continue to go to the dentist. Gender, age, and the level of distress were associated with the increase in the fear of going to the dentist due to COVID-19. Because of the pandemic, 16% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment would not return to the dental practice to continue their orthodontic treatment after the lockdown. The prevalence of TMD pain in the population increased due to the pandemic.

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Salivary pH changes under the effect of stainless steel versus elastomeric ligatures in fixed orthodontic patients: a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01906-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hend Abulkarem Abdullah Al-Haifi ◽

Ramy Abdulrahman Ali Ishaq ◽

Maged Sultan Abdullah Al-Hammadi

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

P Value ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Salivary Ph ◽

Ph Level ◽

Level Of Significance

Abstract Background Fluctuations in pH of saliva during a prolonged treatment course influences the enamel demineralization progress, which is one of the complications of fixed orthodontic treatment. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate and compare the short-term effects of stainless steel (SS) versus elastomeric (EM) ligatures on salivary pH in patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods Seventy participants were enrolled in the study (54 female, 16 male) aged 19–36 years who met specific inclusion criteria. They were randomly selected and allocated into two equal groups through computer-generated randomization. All patients received fixed orthodontic treatment using conventional orthodontic brackets. Two commonly used archwire ligature methods were used: SS and EMs. An unstimulated (resting) salivary sample was collected before tying of the ligatures at T0 (baseline), 2 weeks, 6 (weeks), and 12 (weeks). Salivary pH was measured using a digital pH meter. The level of significance was set at p value < 0.05. Results The salivary pH level was stable between T0 and T1 (6.72 ± 0.14), then significantly and progressively increased from T1 to T2 (6.78 ± 0.13) and from T2 to T3 (6.81 ± 0.14) with (p < 0.05) in the SS group. In the EM group, the salivary pH level was significantly decreased in all follow-up periods; T0 (6.77 ± 0.16), T1 (6.72 ± 0.14), T2 (6.67 ± 0.13) and T3 (6.64 ± 0.13). Conclusion The EM ligatures showed a significant decrease in salivary pH to an unfavorable level, which increased the risk of enamel demineralization. Therefore, EMs as ligature material is preferably should not be recommended in patients with high caries index or inadequate oral hygiene. Trial registration ANZCTR.org. (ACTRN12618001647224) http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12618001647224.aspx. Registration Date: 5/10/2018, “Retrospectively registered”.

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Caries prevention during orthodontic treatment: In-vivo assessment of high-fluoride varnish to prevent white spot lesions

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.07.039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 149 (2) ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Federico Perrini ◽

Luca Lombardo ◽

Angela Arreghini ◽

Silvia Medori ◽

Giuseppe Siciliani

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Caries Prevention ◽

White Spot ◽

Fluoride Varnish ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

High Fluoride ◽

In Vivo Assessment

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Mechanical implications of in vivo human diaphragm shape

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1992.72.4.1407 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 1407-1412 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

M. Paiva ◽

S. Verbanck ◽

M. Estenne ◽

B. Poncelet ◽

C. Segebarth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Functional Residual Capacity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Vertical Gradient ◽

Total Surface Area ◽

Diaphragm Muscle ◽

Posterior Half ◽

Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽

Residual Capacity

Using magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the three-dimensional form of the diaphragm in vivo in four supine relaxed subjects at functional residual capacity and calculated its total surface area, the right and left surface areas in the zone of apposition, and the principal radii of curvature as a function of height. The area of apposition comprised 45 +/- 1.5% (SE) of the total surface area of the diaphragm. Available data on the area of the central tendon indicate that a considerable part of the muscular part of the diaphragm is lung apposed. The curvature was linearly related to height over 7 cm of the posterior half of each hemidiaphragm. From the linear portion of this graph and assuming a vertical gradient of transdiaphragmatic pressure of 0.75 cmH2O/cm, we applied the Laplace law and calculated tensions of 54 and 32 g/cm for right and left sides, respectively. We conclude that the shape of at least part of the posterior half of the relaxed human diaphragm in the supine position at functional residual capacity can be explained by the Laplace law, suggesting that both the lung and abdominal contents behave sufficiently as fluids so that they do not impose their shape on the diaphragm. Because diaphragm muscle is partly lung apposed, it is unlikely that the diaphragm functions simply as a piston.

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Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish and Fluoride Varnish on White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients- a Systematic Review

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210602115010151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 151-159

Author(s):

Aravinthrajkumar Govindaraj ◽

S.P. Saravana Dinesh

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Significant Risk ◽

White Spot ◽

Fluoride Varnish ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Manual Search ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Aim: The aim of this study is to critically review the studies that studied the effect of Chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish on White Spot Lesion (WSL) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The electronic database PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge along with a complimentary manual search of all orthodontic journals till the first week of December 2019 was searched. English language study performed on humans, randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials, comparing the effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish on WSL was included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed. Clinical Significance: The need for an adjunct oral hygiene aid to reduce the incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients is necessary. The use of these varnishes will aid in the same and thus make the adverse effects of fixed orthodontic treatment negligible. Review of Literature: Enamel demineralization is a significant risk associated with orthodontic treatment when oral hygiene is poor. Prevention of demineralization during orthodontic treatment is one of the greatest challenges faced by clinicians despite modern advances in caries prevention. The development of White Spot Lesions (WSLs) is attributed to prolonged plaque accumulation around the brackets. Results: The search identified a total of 3 studies that were included in this review. One study had Low risk of bias and the remaining 2 studies had moderate overall risk. Results showed that there was a reduction in the incidence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients after application of chlorhexidine and Fluoride varnish. Conclusion: Low level evidence is available to conclude that the use of chlorhexidine varnishes and fluoride varnishes reduces the prevalence of white spot lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Due to its limitations, the results of this systematic review should be handled with caution and further well-planned Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) are needed to provide a discrete conclusion.

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In vivo effect of antibacterial and fluoride-releasing adhesives on enamel demineralization around brackets: A micro-CT study

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/060217-371.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 87 (6) ◽

pp. 841-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aslihan Zeynep Oz ◽

Abdullah Alper Oz ◽

Sabahat Yazıcıoglu

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

In Vivo Study ◽

White Spot Lesion ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Preventive Effect ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Preventive Effects

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the preventive effect of two different adhesives on enamel demineralization and compare these adhesives with a conventional one. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients requiring the extraction of their first four premolars for orthodontic treatment were included in the study. One premolar was randomly selected, and an antibacterial monomer-containing and fluoride-releasing adhesive (Clearfil Protect Bond, Kuraray Medical, Okayama, Japan) was used for orthodontic bracket bonding. Another premolar was randomly selected, and a fluoride-releasing and recharging orthodontic adhesive (Opal Seal, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah) was used. One premolar was assigned as a control, and a conventional adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was used. The teeth were extracted after 8 weeks, and the demineralization areas of the 45 extracted teeth were analyzed using microcomputed tomography with software. Results: There was no significant difference between the white spot lesion (WSL) rates of the adhesives (P > .05). The volumes of the WSLs varied from 0 to 0.019349 mm3. Although Opal Seal showed the smallest lesion volumes, there was no significant difference in volumetric measurements of the lesions among the groups (P > .05). Conclusions: The findings indicated no significant differences between the preventive effects of the adhesives used in this in vivo study over 8 weeks.

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