scholarly journals Assessing Treatment Outcomes of a Graduate Orthodontic Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Anastasia Pariskou ◽  
Athanasios E. Athanasiou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Par Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Tooth Extractions

Objectives: To assess treatment outcomes of a graduate orthodontic program during two different periods. Materials and Methods: Consecutive orthodontic patients’ files were selected from the archives of the Graduate Orthodontic Program, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Following the application of certain inclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 109 patients. The sample was allocated into two groups depending on the time of treatment [Group A: 1998-2003, (n=60); Group B: 2004-2009 (n=49)]. The first period started a few years after the inception of the program and the second 10 years later. All pre- and post-treatment dental casts were blindly assessed by one investigator using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson Chi-Square test and Spearman correlation coefficient. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: In Group A, the mean PAR index changed from 28.6 before treatment to 5.5 after treatment and the mean ICON index changed from 71.9 to 23.5. In Group B, the mean PAR index changed from 23.6 before treatment to 4 after treatment and the mean ICON index changed from 62.8 to 19.8. The mean PAR score reduction was 78.4% for the 1st group and 81.4% for the 2nd group, respectively. Ninety percent of the cases of Group A and 89.8% of the cases of Group B had a post-treatment ICON score < 31. The severity of the initial malocclusion was found to be positively correlated with the treatment occlusal outcome. Out of the 109 cases, 68 were considered as substantially or greatly improved, 29 moderately improved, 8 showed minimal improvement and 4 cases were considered as not improved or worse. The mean PAR percentage improvement and the ICON score at the end of treatment were not correlated to the presence or absence of tooth extractions in the treatment plan. There was no correlation between the treatment outcome and the number of graduate residents involved in the therapy. The treatment outcomes were not correlated to the gender or age of patients. Conclusion: Patients treated by graduate orthodontic residents during 1998-2009 demonstrated significant improvement of their occlusion and the quality of the treatment remained constant throughout the years. The outcome of orthodontic treatment was not correlated to the gender and the age of patients, the number of postgraduate students performing the treatment, and the presence of tooth extractions in the treatment plan.

scholarly journals Comparative study of efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in treatment of post-partum anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3531
Author(s):  
Ragvi Raman ◽  
Jayanthy T. ◽  
Apoorva Asranna
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Ferric Carboxymaltose ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Ferric carboxymaltose has been recently introduced for the treatment of anaemia. The present study was planned to compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia among postpartum women.Methods: A total of 60 postpartum women with haemoglobin levels between 7-10 g/dl were randomized into two groups: 30 in group A (received iron carboxymaltose) and 30 in group B (Received iron sucrose). Haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were done on day 0 and after 6 weeks.Results: The post treatment haemoglobin levels were found to be 10-10.9 g/dl in 66.7% of women in group A and 63.3% in group B. The mean post treatment haemoglobin levels in group A was 9.97±0.3 g/dl and in group B was 10.9 g/dl (p<0.001). The mean increase in haemoglobin levels post treatment were significantly high in group B (2.1±0.5 gm%) compared to group A (1.3±0.5 gm%). The mean post treatment S. Ferritin levels in group A was 91.2±25.8 and in group B was 126.5±23.2 gm%. The mean increase in S. Ferritin levels post treatment were significantly high in group B (96.9±23.3) compared to group A (62.7±22.6) (p<0.001).Conclusions: Intravenous iron carboxymaltose is more effective and better tolerated in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia among postpartum women compared to intravenous iron sucrose.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment and Healthcare Goals: Evaluation of Multibrackets Treatment Results Using PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating)

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Sfondrini ◽  
Paolo Zampetti ◽  
Giulia Luscher ◽  
Paola Gandini ◽  
José Luís Gandía-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

Background: The evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes using an objective method is important in order to maintain high treatment quality and final healthcare of patients. It allows professionals and university students to raise the level of the therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment outcomes in an Italian postgraduate School of Orthodontics using Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. Methods: A sample of 50 patients treated in a postgraduate program was randomly selected. PAR index was used to assess pre-treatment and post-treatment study casts by two different examiners. The influence of different variables such as gender, treatment method, and need for extraction was statistically analyzed. Results: The average numerical reduction of PAR between the beginning and the end of the treatment was 18.74 (CI 95% 16.53–20.95), while the percentage reduction was 94.8% (CI 95% 91.91–97.68). All cases improved: 8% of patients resulted in the improved category, while 92% of them were in the greatly improved group. Conclusions: According to PAR index, the results showed that patients received a high-standard therapy. None of the factors studied influenced significantly the treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Validity and Reproducibility of the Peer Assessment Rating Index Scored on Digital Models Using a Software Compared with Traditional Manual Scoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1646
Author(s):  
Arwa Gera ◽  
Shadi Gera ◽  
Michel Dalstra ◽  
Paolo M. Cattaneo ◽  
Marie A. Cornelis
Keyword(s):  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of digital scoring of the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and its components using a software, compared with conventional manual scoring on printed model equivalents. The PAR index was scored on 15 cases at pre- and post-treatment stages by two operators using two methods: first, digitally, on direct digital models using Ortho Analyzer software; and second, manually, on printed model equivalents using a digital caliper. All measurements were repeated at a one-week interval. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare PAR scores and its components between both methods and raters. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to compute intra- and inter-rater reproducibility. The error of the method was calculated. The agreement between both methods was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots. There were no significant differences in the mean PAR scores between both methods and both raters. ICC for intra- and inter-rater reproducibility was excellent (≥0.95). All error-of-the-method values were smaller than the associated minimum standard deviation. Bland-Altman plots confirmed the validity of the measurements. PAR scoring on digital models showed excellent validity and reproducibility compared with manual scoring on printed model equivalents by means of a digital caliper.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Vaginal versus Intramuscular Progesterone for the Prevention of Preterm Delivery

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Wajid ◽  
Maria Zafar ◽  
Fatima Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Vaginal Progesterone ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

<p><strong>Objective:  </strong>The objective was to compare the effectiveness of vaginal versus intramuscular progesterone to prevent preterm delivery in patients with history of preterm labor in previous pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong>  </strong>It was a Randomized Control Trial carried out in the Gynecology Unit in a Public sector Hospital, Lahore from March to December 2015. A total of 800 patients were enrolled through Antenatal OPD and were randomly divided into two groups by draw method. In Group-A, patients were administered 200mg of vaginal progesterone pessary once daily and in Group-B 250 mg of intramuscular progesterone was injected weekly. Treatment was continued until 37 completed weeks of gestation. The patients were followed up through their contact numbers and on routine follow up. This practice was abandoned if premature rupture of membranes occurred and the fetus was delivered before 37 weeks. All the parameters were recorded by the researcher on proforma. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Chi Square test was applied to draw the comparison.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong>  </strong>The mean age of patients was 26.16 ± 5.36 years (18 – 35 years). The 296 patients were Para 1, 290 were Para 2, 142 were Para 3, 51 were Para 4 and 21 females were Para 5. In all females, the mean gestational age at time of presentation was 22.00 ± 1.47 weeks, whereas, at time of delivery, mean gestational age was 36.05 ± 2.38 weeks. In vaginal progesterone group, the mean gestational age at time of delivery was 36.67 ± 1.92 weeks while in IM group, mean gestational age at time of delivery was 35.43 ± 2.62 weeks. The difference between both groups was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Effectiveness (delivery ≥ 37 weeks) was achieved in 379 (47%) cases, out of which 228 (57%) cases belonged to vaginal progesterone group and 151 (37.8%) cases belonged to IM progesterone group (P &lt; 0.05). Post stratification with age and parity also showed that vaginal progesterone is more efficacious than IM progesterone (P &lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong>  </strong>We concluded that vaginal progesterone is more effective than intramuscular progesterone for the prevention of preterm labor in patients with history of preterm labor in previous pregnancy.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals PCOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 568-572
Author(s):  
Ayesha Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Azeem Mir ◽  
Saba Babar ◽  
Rahat Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Trial Setting

Objectives: The objective is to compare the efficacy of Pioglitazone andMetformin for ovulation in patients of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Study Design: Randomizedcontrol trial. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period:January 2017 to June 2017. Methodology: Total number of 66 patients was recruited for thisstudy. These patients were admitted through or outpatient department. Group A and Group B,33 patients each. In Group-A patients received metformin while in Group B pioglitazone wasadministered. Sample size was calculated using the reference study by Chaudhry I et al (9)using sample size calculator for two proportions (power of study 80% and confidence interval95% where prevalence (P1) was 52.17% and (P2) 75%). In group-A patients, Metformin withdose of 1500 mg per day in three divided doses were given for 6 months. In group B patients,Pioglitazone 15mg was administered for 6 months. At the end of 6 months, all the patients wereevaluated for efficacy. Results: Total no. of 66 patients was included. The mean age and BMIof the patients was 29.35±4.01 years and 29.74±2.75 kg/m2 respectively. The age distributionnoted as 66.7% (n=44) patients between 18-30 years and 33.3% (n=22) between 31-37 years.BMI distribution observed as 45.5% (n=30) patients between 24-29 kg/m2 and 54.5% (n=36)patients between 30-34 kg/m2. These 100% (n=66) patients were divided into 2 groups equally,33 in each, i.e. group A and group B. The mean age and BMI of the patients of group Awas 29.42±4.32 years and 29.87±2.58 kg/m2 respectively, while the mean age and BMI ofthe patients of group B was 29.27±3.75 years and 29.60±2.94 kg/m2 respectively. Ovulationwas noted as 42.4% (n=14) and 45.5% (=15) for groups A and B respectively. No associationwas found between efficacy and ovulation (p=0.849). Efficacy was notes as 69.7% (n=23) and72.7% (n=24) for group A and group B respectively. No difference was found between efficacyand groups i.e. between pioglitazone and metformin for ovulation in patients of polycystic ovarysyndrome (p=0.786). Similarly, no association was found between efficacy with age (p=0.442)and BMI (p=0.728), after applying the chi-square. Conclusion: This study concludes thatPioglitazone is as much effective as metformin for ovulation induction in women with PCOS.

scholarly journals The effect of conventional versus electronic cigarette use on treatment outcomes of peri-implant disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham AlJasser ◽  
Mohammed Zahid ◽  
Mohammed AlSarhan ◽  
Dalal AlOtaibi ◽  
Saleh AlOraini
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
One Year

Abstract Aim To compare changes in clinical periodontal parameters (gingival consistency, colour, BOP, PI, PD) and changes of salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1 β, IL-6, MMP-8, TNF- α and TIMP-1 between conventional, electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers after peri-implant treatment. Methods Study participants were grouped into three groups (i) Conventional cigarette smokers (ii) Electronic cigarette smokers and (iii) non-smokers respectively. A total of 60 adult patients aged (40–56 years) with 60 implants with active per-impantitis was included.Clinical and Biological parameters were evaluated before surgical treatment at baseline, one, six and twelve month post treatment. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of the categorical while Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of quantitative outcome variables among all study groups across the 4 time points. Results A total of 60 subjects (60 implants) were selected and classified into three groups as per their smoking method 20 participants in each group with one single targeted implant diagnosis with active peri-implantitis. The gingival colour, the change was statistically significant at one year of post treatment.The gingival consistency distribution across the three groups is not statistically significant at baseline, but it is statistically significant at one-month (p = 0.001), six months (p = 0.029) and at the completion of one-year (p = 0.018) post treatment. The plaque index of 100% of non-smokers had changed to ‘0’ and 35% change in cigarettes and 30% change in electronic smokers which is statistically significant (p = 0.016).The prevalence of BOP was observed in the three groups as 72%, 76.5% and 88.9% at baseline. The mean values of PD have shown statistically significant change across the three groups over the four-time intervals of observation (p = 0.024). The comparison of mean values of IL-1 β, IL-6 and TIMP-1 has shown statistically significant change across the three groups over the four intervals of observation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Electronic cigarette smoking was found to be most prevalent risk indicator for peri-implantitis. Compromised response of peri-implantitis treatment both clinically and biologically was found more among electronic cigarette smokers when compared to conventional cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Trial registration: This case-control study was conducted at King Saud University’s Dental College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in accordance with “Helsinki Declaration of Human Studies” and approved by the Institutional Review Board (Reference no: 87563).

scholarly journals PAR Evaluation of Treated Class I Extraction Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Daniel Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Marcos Roberto Freitas ◽  
Guilherme Janson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Class I ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dental Casts ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

Abstract Objective: To evaluate treatment changes and quality of finishing occlusion in Class I patients treated with four premolar extractions. Material and Methods: Dental casts of 94 subjects (50 males and 44 females) were evaluated. Mean pretreatment age was 13.46 years, and mean treatment time was 2.09 years. The peer assessment rating (PAR) index was obtained from pretreatment and posttreatment dental casts. Results: The mean pretreatment PAR index of 29.46 was reduced to 6.32 at posttreatment stage, achieving a reduction of 78.54% with treatment. There was correlation between the initial PAR and correction during treatment, that is, the more severe the malocclusion the greater the treatment changes. Conclusion: The cases evaluated showed a high-standard orthodontic finishing.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes of acute poptoperative infectious endophthalmitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Ling Peng ◽  
Ya-Hsin Kung ◽  
Hui-Shuang Tsai ◽  
Tsung-Tien Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Visual Outcomes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infectious Endophthalmitis ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Acute postoperative endophthalmitis is one of the most severe complications of modern ophthalmic procedures including cataract surgeries, vitrectomy and intravitreal injection (IVI). We evaluated the treatment outcomes of acute postoperative infectious endophthalmitis. Methods In this retrospective study, we collected data from 82 patients with acute infectious endophthalmitis within 6 weeks after intraocular surgeries, including cataract surgeries, vitreoretinal surgeries, and IVI, from January 2010 to December 2019. We analyzed the pre-treatment, treatment-related and post-treatment factors that affected visual outcomes. Results The mean age was 67.65 ± 9.52 years, the proportion of male patients was 56.1%. The mean baseline vision was 1.92 (Snellen Equivalent SE], counting finger [CF]) ± 0.54 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (log MAR) and the mean final vision was 0.71 (SE, 39/200) ± 0.80 logMAR. Visual improvement was significant (P < 0.001). The pre-treatment factors affecting final visual outcomes were diabetes, hemodialysis, baseline vision, signs of vitreous opacity, and different surgeries before endophthalmitis; the treatment-related factors affecting visual outcomes were the choice factors between IVI of antibiotics alone and vitrectomy combined with IVI of antibiotics, and the injection numbers of antibiotics; post-treatment factors affecting visual outcomes were complications such as retinal detachment (RD), glaucoma and macular pucker. Furthermore, prior cataract surgery was associated with a better mean final vision of 0.57 (SE, 54/200) ± 0.67 logMAR while prior vitrectomy resulted in the worst mean final vision of 1.38 (SE, 21/500) ± 0.75 logMAR. Conclusions The important factors that affected the final visual prognosis, included diabetes, hemodialysis, baseline vision, severity of vitritis, treatment strategies and complications. The treatment outcomes revealed better final vision in prior cataract surgery than vitrectomy.

scholarly journals Comparison of hemorrhoidectomy versus hemorrhoidectomy and internal sphincterotomy in terms of postoperative pain.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 677-681
Author(s):  
Afiya Zulfikar ◽  
Usman Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Salman Shafique ◽  
Jahangir Sarwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Internal Sphincterotomy ◽  
Open Hemorrhoidectomy ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To compare open hemorrhoidectomy with internal sphincterotomy versus open hemorrhoidectomy alone in terms of frequency of the postoperative pain. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Surgical Unit - I, Holy family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: For one year  i.e. from January 2016 to December 2016. Material & Methods: 250 patients were divided in two equal groups by lottery method. The surgical procedure was performed using standard protocols after obtaining written informed consent. Anal dilatation was done  after open hemorrhoidectomy in patients of control group (Group A). In the study group (Group B), the patients were subjected to lateral internal sphincterotomy after completion of classical open hemorrhoidectomy. Postoperative pain score was recorded by using visual analog scale. Difference between both groups for pain was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: There were 68 males and 57 females in Group-A and 61 males and 64 females in Group-B. The mean age of patients in Group-A was 33.10±8.77years and in Group-B was 32.52±9.4years. The mean pain score of patients in Goup-A and Group-B was 2.82±2.51 and 1.59±1.58 respectively (P<0.05). In Group-A, 94 (75.2%) cases had no pain while in Group-B, 116 (92.8%) cases were pain free following the procedure. The difference between both groups was significant i.e. P < 0.05. Conclusion: Open hemorrhoidectomy with internal sphincterotomy is effective in reducing postoperative pain.

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