scholarly journals Non-Motorized Trip Pattern in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessment of Walk Trip

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Ayobami A Busari
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Modal Split ◽  
Access Mode ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Background: Walking as a parent mode of transportation has received little or no attention regarding planning, design, and development, thereby leading to chaotic outcomes when it comes to controlling and future estimation in most sub-Saharan Africa countries. This necessitated the research on the pertinent factors and variables that affect walking as a means of transportation in the study area, a semi-urban industrial cluster in South-Western Nigeria. Methods: One Thousand five hundred (1500) information cards were distributed for seven months. This was done to accumulate information on trip patterns, modal split, walk trip volume and so on. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: The result revealed that 53.2% of the respondent engages in a walk trip every day either to access mode, access sub-mode or for recreation purposes. The commercial zone showed the highest percentage of walk trips of 40%. The mathematical model showed that age and walk trips are inversely proportional. Based on the result of the analysis, cost, safety and exercise are the primary reason why people engage in a walking trip. The R2 value of 0.83 established the robustness of the model. Conclusion: The created model can be utilized for anticipating the future modular part by inputting anticipated future estimation of exploratory variables, which will also aid the planning of a better transport system for the locality. The lack of essential infrastructure poses a big problem for the utilisation of this mode of transportation.

scholarly journals Evaluating WHO-Recommended Interventions for Preterm Birth: A Mathematical Model of the Potential Reduction of Preterm Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Griffin ◽  
Alan H. Jobe ◽  
Doris Rouse ◽  
Elizabeth M. McClure ◽  
Robert L. Goldenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Sub Saharan

The Mathematical Modeling Stages of Combining the Carriage of Goods for Indefinite, Fuzzy and Stochastic Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiy Kotenko ◽  
◽  
Vitalii Nitsenko ◽  
Iryna Hanzhurenko ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Stochastic Parameters ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
Risk Parameters ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Combined cargo transportation in Ukraine is characterized by the presence of uncertain risks. The aim of the article was to propose a mathematical model for choosing the mode of transportation that would correspond to the best value of the integral objective function in the presence of fuzzy, stochastic and uncertain risk parameters. The efficiency of the mathematical model provided the possibility of forming not only long-term forecasts that require significant time, but also short-term forecasts in real time. This allows to quickly change routes and conditions of transportation. Practical testing of the mathematical model revealed the assimilating nature of some uncertain risks. The results of the analysis are given in the article. The realization of such a risk leads to a radical change in all conditions of transportation. Long-term forecasts allow to predict new routes and conditions of transportation.

scholarly journals The Incidence Patterns Model to Estimate the Distribution of New HIV Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: Development and Validation of a Mathematical Model

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e1002121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Bórquez ◽  
Anne Cori ◽  
Erica L. Pufall ◽  
Jingo Kasule ◽  
Emma Slaymaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Development And Validation

Interventions to reduce neonatal mortality: a mathematical model to evaluate impact of interventions in sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 1286-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Griffin ◽  
Elizabeth M. McClure ◽  
Beena D. Kamath-Rayne ◽  
Bonnie M. Hepler ◽  
Doris J. Rouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Novel approach to estimate tuberculosis transmission in primary care clinics in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol of a prospective study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036214
Author(s):  
Kathrin Zürcher ◽  
Carl Morrow ◽  
Julien Riou ◽  
Marie Ballif ◽  
Anastasia Sideris Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) transmission is difficult to measure, and its drivers are not well understood. The effectiveness of infection control measures at healthcare clinics and the most appropriate intervention strategies to interrupt transmission are unclear. We propose a novel approach using clinical, environmental and position-tracking data to study the risk of TB transmission at primary care clinics in TB and HIV high burden settings in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods and analysisWe describe a novel and rapid study design to assess risk factors for airborne TB transmission at primary care clinics in high-burden settings. The study protocol combines a range of different measurements. We will collect anonymous data on the number of patients, waiting times and patient movements using video sensors. Also, we will collect acoustic sound recordings to determine the frequency and intensity of coughing. Environmental data will include indoor carbon dioxide levels (CO2 in parts per million) and relative humidity. We will also extract routinely collected clinical data from the clinic records. The number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis particles in the air will be ascertained from dried filter units using highly sensitive digital droplet PCR. We will calculate rebreathed air volume based on people density and CO2 levels and develop a mathematical model to estimate the risk of TB transmission. The mathematical model can then be used to estimate the effect of possible interventions such as separating patient flows or improving ventilation in reducing transmission. The feasibility of our approach was recently demonstrated in a pilot study in a primary care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the University of Cape Town (HREC/REF no. 228/2019), the City of Cape Town (ID-8139) and the Ethics Committee of the Canton Bern (2019-02131), Switzerland. The results will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals.

scholarly journals Increasing the efficiency of highly concentrated coal-water fuel based on the simulation of non-Newtonian fluid flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Chernetskaya-Beletskaya ◽  
Andriy Rogovyi ◽  
Igor Baranov ◽  
Alexander Krut ◽  
Maria Miroshnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Navier Stokes Equation ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The analysis of further prospects for increasing the efficiency of transportation of coal-water fuel in hydro-transport systems of industrial enterprises is carried out. The mathematical model of the spatial three-dimensional flow of coal-water fuel was developed on the basis of SST turbulence model based on the solution of Navier-Stokes equation. As a result of the calculation, the values of pressure loss, flow rate and velocity distribution over the cross section of the pipeline in the straight section and in the turn were determined, which allowed determining the energy consumption during coal-water fuel transportation in the industrial hydro-transport system. The performed studies allowed us to refine the mathematical model of water-coal suspension flow and, thus, improve the patterns of influence of hydro-transportation scheme and parameters of coal-water fuel on energy consumption for its supply to enterprise consumers. By means of mathematical model of non-Newtonian fluids flow, the patterns of influence of hydro-transport system parameters and transportation modes of coal-water fuel on its energy indicators in industrial hydro-transport systems are determined. The obtained results are related to reduction of energy consumption, optimization of enterprise transport network configuration and increase of efficiency of coal-water fuel transportation to enterprise energy facilities.

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