In silico drug repurposing for the identification of antimalarial drugs as candidate inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Pasla ◽  
Pugazhenthan Thangaraju ◽  
Sree Sudha TY ◽  
Sri Chandana M ◽  
Rizwaan Abbas S
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
3Cl Protease ◽  
Silico Analysis ◽  
Antimalarial Compounds

: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory condition that affected millions of populations worldwide in early 2020, indicating for a global health emergency.As regards the deteriorating trends in COVID-19, none of the drugs were confirmed to have substantial efficacy in the potential treatment of COVID-19 patients in large-scale trials.The purpose of this research was to identify potential antimalarial candidate molecules for the treatment of COVID and to evaluate the possible mechanism of action by in silico screening method. Insilicoscreening study of various antimalarial compounds like Amodiaquine, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Mefloquine, Primaquine, and Atovaquone were conducted with PyRx and AutoDoc 1.5.6 tools on ACE 2 receptor, 3CL protease, Hemagglutinin esterase, Spike protein SARS HR1 motif and Papain like protease virus proteins.Based on PyRx results, Mefloquine and Atovaquone have higher docking affinity scores against virus proteins compared to other antimalarial compounds. Screening report of Atovaquone exhibited affirmative inhibition constant on Spike protein SARS HR1 motif, 3CL and Papain like protease. In silico analysis reported Atovaquone as a promising candidate for COVID 19 therapy.

In Silico Analysis of Plant-Derived Medicinal Compounds Against Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Ace2

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Tanya Sharma ◽  
Mohammad Nawaid Zaman ◽  
Shazia Rashid ◽  
Seneha Santoshi
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Medicinal Compounds ◽  
Silico Analysis

scholarly journals In Silico Analysis of Honeybee Venom Protein Interaction with Wild Type and Mutant (A82V + P375S) Ebola Virus Spike Protein

Biologics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammal ◽  
Muzammil Ahmad Khan ◽  
Mohammed Al Mohaini ◽  
Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman ◽  
Maitham A. Al Hawaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Honeybee Venom ◽  
Silico Analysis ◽  
Venom Proteins ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

Venom from different organisms was used in ancient times to treat a wide range of diseases, and to combat a variety of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The aim of this in silico research was to investigate the impact of honeybee venom proteins and peptides against Ebola virus. In the current in silico study, different online and offline tools were used. RaptorX (protein 3D modeling) and PatchDock (protein–protein docking) were used as online tools, while Chimera and LigPlot + v2.1 were used for visualizing protein–protein interactions. We screened nine venom proteins and peptides against the normal Ebola virus spike protein and found that melittin, MCD and phospholipase A2 showed a strong interaction. We then screened these peptides and proteins against mutated strains of Ebola virus and found that the enzyme phospholipase A2 showed a strong interaction. According to the findings, phospholipase A2 found in honeybee venom may be an effective source of antiviral therapy against the deadly Ebola virus. Although the antiviral potency of phospholipase A2 has been recorded previously, this is the first in silico analysis of honeybee phospholipase A2 against the Ebola viral spike protein and its more lethal mutant strain.

scholarly journals In silico analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and insights into antibody binding

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Padilla-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Molecular Visualization ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Silico Analysis ◽  
Ucsf Chimera

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Since then, COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a rapidly spreading pandemic that has reached most countries in the world. So far, there are no vaccines or therapeutics to fight this virus. Here, I present an in silico analysis of the virus spike glycoprotein (recently determined at atomic resolution) and provide insights into how antibodies against the 2002 virus SARS-CoV might be modified to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. I ran docking experiments with Rosetta Dock to determine which substitutions in the 80R and m396 antibodies might improve the binding of these to SARS-CoV-2 and used molecular visualization and analysis software, including UCSF Chimera and Rosetta Dock, as well as other bioinformatics tools, including SWISS-MODEL. Supercomputers, including Bridges Large, Stampede and Frontera, were used for macromolecular assemblies and large scale analysis and visualization.

scholarly journals In Silico Analysis of Forskolin as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Kumari ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Manindra Kumar ◽  
Jainendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Silico Analysis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) has spread rapidly as global pandemic affecting 187 countries/ regions and emerged as worldwide health crisis. Potential antiviral drugs used for the SARS -CoV-2 in clinical treatments have side effects. However, emergency vaccines are in use but despite that increase in the coronavirus cases are alarming. Thus, it is utmost need of safer antiviral agent to treat or inhibit the viral infection. Forskolin has been reported as a possible antiviral-agent. This molecule was docked with ACE2 receptor of human which is the target for the binding of S1 unit of viral S protein of SARS-CoV- 2. In silico docking was carried out on SwissDock, PatchDock and FireDock servers. The docked ACE2 structure was further docked with the RBD of the spike protein. Forskolin is able to H-bond with the hACE2 and ACE2-forskolin fails to interact with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Instead, viral RBD is repulsed by the diterpene molecule through obliteration and reciprocated binding. We report first that forskolin plays a crucial role in the inhibition of protein-protein interaction of RBD and ACE2 when docked with either of the protein.

scholarly journals Sea Urchin Pigments as Potential Therapeutic Agents Against the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Based on in Silico Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Susana Barbieri ◽  
Tamara Rubilar ◽  
Ayelén Gázquez ◽  
Marisa Avaro ◽  
Erina Noé Seiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Silico Analysis

Several studies have been published regarding the interaction between the spike protein of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor in the host cells. In the presente work, we evaluated the in silico properties of two sea urchin pigments, Echinochrome A (EchA) and Spinochromes (SpinA) against the Spike protein (S) towards finding a potential therapeutic drug against the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The best ensemble docking pose of EchaA and SpinA showed a binding affinity of -5.9 and -6.7 kcal mol-1, respectively. The linked aminoacids (T505, G496 and Y449 for EchA and Y449, Q493 and G496 for SpinA) are in positions involved in ACE2 binding in both RBDs frim SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 suggesting that EchA and SpinA may interact with Spike proteins drom both viruses. The results suggest that these pigments could act as inhibitors of S protein, pointing them as antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2.<br>

scholarly journals In silico analysis suggests disruption of interactions between HAMP from hepatocytes and SLC40A1 from macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Hu ◽  
Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Hepatocyte Proliferation ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Silico Analysis

Abstract Background Identification of factors associated with proliferation in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment aids in understanding the mechanisms of disease progression and provides druggable targets. Gene expression profiles of individual cells in HCC and para-carcinoma tissues can be effectively obtained using the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technique. Here, we aimed to identify proliferative hepatocytes from HCC and para-carcinoma tissues, detect differentially expressed genes between the two types of proliferative hepatocytes, and investigate their potential roles in aberrant proliferation. Results Two respective gene signatures for proliferative cells and hepatocytes were established and used to identify proliferative hepatocytes from HCC and para-carcinoma tissues based on scRNA-Seq data. Gene expression profiles between the two types of proliferative hepatocytes were compared. Overall, 40 genes were upregulated in proliferative hepatocytes from para-carcinoma tissue, whereas no upregulated genes were detected in those from HCC tissue. Twelve of the genes, including HAMP, were specifically expressed in the liver tissue. Based on previous reports, we found that HAMP modulates cell proliferation through interaction with its receptor SLC40A1. Comprehensive analysis of cells in HCC and para-carcinoma tissues revealed that: (1) HAMP is specifically expressed in hepatocytes and significantly downregulated in malignant hepatocytes; (2) a subset of macrophages expressing SLC40A1 and genes reacting to various infections is present in para-carcinoma but not in HCC tissue. We independently validated the findings with scRNA-Seq and large-scale tissue bulk RNA-Seq/microarray analyses. Conclusion HAMP was significantly downregulated in malignant hepatocytes. In addition, a subset of macrophages expressing SLC40A1 and genes reacting to various infections was absent in HCC tissue. These findings support the involvement of HAMP-SLC40A1 signaling in aberrant hepatocyte proliferation in the HCC microenvironment. The collective data from our in silico analysis provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying HCC progression and require further validation with wet laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals An in silico analysis of early SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) genomic sequences and their epidemiological correlates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Adil Asghar ◽  
Himanshu N. Singh ◽  
Muneeb A. Faiq ◽  
Sujeet Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Silico Analysis

Background: A newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 has worried health policymakers worldwide due to the presence of a large number of mutations in its genomic sequence, especially in the spike protein region. World Health Organization (WHO) has designated it as a global variant of concern (VOC) and has named as Omicron. A surge in new COVID-19 cases has been reported from certain geographical locations, primarily in South Africa (SA) following the emergence of Omicron. Materials and methods: We performed an in silico analysis of the complete genomic sequences of Omicron available on GISAID (until 2021-12-6) to predict the functional impact of the mutations present in this variant on virus-host interactions in terms of viral transmissibility, virulence/lethality, and immune escape. In addition, we performed a correlation analysis of the relative proportion of the genomic sequences of specific SARS-CoV-2 variants (in the period of 01 Oct-29 Nov 2021) with the current epidemiological data (new COVID-19 cases and deaths) from SA to understand whether the Omicron has an epidemiological advantage over existing variants. Results: Compared to the current list of global VOCs/VOIs (as per WHO) Omicron bears more sequence variation, specifically in the spike protein and host receptor-binding motif (RBM). Omicron showed the closest nucleotide and protein sequence homology with Alpha variant for the complete sequence as well as for RBM. The mutations were found primarily condensed in the spike region (28-48) of the virus. Further, the mutational analysis showed enrichment for the mutations decreasing ACE2-binding affinity and RBD protein expression, in contrast, increasing the propensity of immune escape. An inverse correlation of Omicron with Delta variant was noted (r=-0.99, p< .001, 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.97) in the sequences reported from SA post-emergence of the new variant, later showing a decrease. There has been a steep rise in the new COVID-19 cases in parallel with the increase in the proportion of Omicron since the first case (74-100%), on the contrary, the incidences of new deaths have not been increased (r=-0.04, p>0.05, 95% CI =-0.52 to 0.58). Conclusions: Omicron may have greater immune escape ability than the existing VOCs/VOIs. However, there are no clear indications coming out from the predictive mutational analysis that the Omicron may have higher virulence/lethality than other variants, including Delta. The higher ability for immune escape may be a likely reason for the recent surge in Omicron cases in SA.

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