Effect of Different Dentifrices, Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide, and Red Wine on Surface Color and Roughness of Bovine Enamel

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Garcia ◽  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
JD Theobaldo ◽  
NIP Pini ◽  
GM Ambrosano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Objective: To evaluate color and roughness of bovine enamel exposed to dentifrices, dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and erosion/staining by red wine. Methods: Bovine enamel blocks were exposed to: artificial saliva (control), Oral-B Pro-Health (stannous fluoride with sodium fluoride, SF), Sensodyne Repair & Protect (bioactive glass, BG), Colgate Pro-Relief (arginine and calcium carbonate, AR), or Chitodent (chitosan, CHI). After toothpaste exposure, half (n=12) of the samples were bleached (35% HP), and the other half were not (n=12). The color (CIE L*a* b*, ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and scanning electron microscopy were evaluated. Color and roughness were assessed at baseline, post-dentifrice and/or -dental bleaching, and after red wine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE) for repeated measures (Ra), followed by Tukey ́s test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (a=0.05). Results: The HP promoted an increase in Ra values; however, the SF, BG, and AR did not enable this alteration. After red wine, all groups apart from SF (unbleached) showed increases in Ra values; SF and AR promoted decreases in L* values; AR demonstrated higher ΔE values, differing from the control; and CHI decreased the L* variation in the unbleached group. Conclusion: Dentifrices did not interfere with bleaching efficacy of 35% HP. However, dentifrices acted as a preventive agent against surface alteration from dental bleaching (BG, SF, and AR) or red wine (SF). Dentifrices can decrease (CHI) or increase (AR and SF) staining by red wine.

scholarly journals Effects of Artificial Staining and Bleaching Protocols on the Surface Roughness, Color, and Whiteness Changes of an Aged Nanofilled Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geyse Maria dos Santos Muniz Mota ◽  
Matheus Kury ◽  
Cecília Pereira da Silva Braga Tenório ◽  
Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral ◽  
Cecília Pedroso Turssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

This study evaluated the surface roughness and color alteration of an aged nanofilled composite exposed to different staining solutions and bleaching agents. Ninety nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350XT, 3M/Oral Care) specimens were submitted to 5,000 thermal cycles and immersed in (n = 30): red wine, coffee, and artificial saliva at 37°C for 48 h. Groups were subdivided according to the bleaching protocol (n = 10) with 20% carbamide peroxide, 38% hydrogen peroxide, or without bleaching - control. Mean surface roughness values (Ra - μm) and color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were measured at baseline (T0), after thermal cycling aging and staining (TS), and after bleaching (TB). Color (ΔE00) and whiteness index (ΔWID) changes were determined after aging and staining (Ts-T0) and after bleaching (TB-TS). The adopted perceptibility and acceptability thresholds of the nanofilled composite were 0.81 and 1.71 ΔE00 units and 0.61 and 2.90 ΔWID units, respectively. Ra was analyzed using mixed models for repeated measurements and L* by the Tukey-Kramer test. The a* and b* values were evaluated by generalized linear models for repeated measures. ΔE00 was tested using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, and ΔWID by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 5%). Ra of all groups decreased after aging and staining (TS, p < 0.05), but increased after bleaching only for groups stained with red wine (TB). Aging and staining decreased the luminosity of the composites, but L* increased after bleaching (p < 0.05). Aging and staining increased a* and b* values, but after bleaching, b* values decreased (p < 0.05). After bleaching, ΔE00 and ΔWID were greater in stained groups at both time intervals, regardless of the bleaching protocol. Stained resin composites exhibited perceptible but unacceptable color (ΔE00 > 1.71) and whiteness (ΔWID > 2.90) changes, regardless of the bleaching treatment performed. Therefore, red wine affected the surface roughness of the aged nanofilled resin submitted to bleaching. Bleaching was unable to reverse the color changes promoted by red wine and coffee on the aged nanofilled composite.

scholarly journals Do different bleaching protocols affect the enamel microhardness?

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 025-030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli ◽  
Taisa R. Conti Garrido Gabriel ◽  
Fabio Antonio Piola Rizzante ◽  
Ana Carolina Magalhães ◽  
Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Bovine Enamel

ABSTRACT Objective: Tooth bleaching tends to increase enamel roughness and porosity, in addition to reducing surface microhardness. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching treatments using different hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations, with and without light activation on bovine enamel microhardness. Materials and Methods: The buccal surfaces of sixty bovine incisors were flattened and polished and the enamel specimens were divided into six groups: G1: Control, exposed to artificial saliva; G2: 35% HP applied in two sessions (45’ each); G3: 35% HP applied in two sessions (3 × 15’ each); G4: 35% HP applied in one session (3 × 7’30”) plus hybrid light (HL); G5: 25% HP applied in one session (3 × 7’30”) plus HL; and G6: 15% HP applied in one session (3 × 7’30”) plus HL. After the treatment, the enamel specimens were stored in artificial saliva. The surface microhardness (Knoop) was measured at the baseline, 24 h and 7 days after bleaching. The data was analyzed using the ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey–Krummer test (P < 0.05). Results: All bleaching procedures lead to a decrease in surface microhardness when compared with the control group after 24 h. The lowest change in surface microhardness was found in the specimens treated with 15% HP plus HL. However, 35% HP plus HL induced the highest decrease in surface microhardness. After 7 days of remineralization, the surface microhardness returned to normal levels for all bleached specimens. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the bleaching protocols caused a slight enamel surface alteration. However, the remineralization process minimized these effects.

scholarly journals Whitening mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide decreases enamel microhardness in vitro.

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Pelegrim Fernandes ◽  
Cecília Pedroso Turssi ◽  
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França ◽  
Roberta Tarkany Basting ◽  
Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
Over Time

Aim: To assess the effect of a mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) on Knoop microhardness (KMH) of bovine enamel. Methods: Fifty-one enamel slabs were polished and divided into groups (n=17), according to the product used during 28 days: HP – mouthwash containing 1,5% of HP (4 min, once/day); CP - 10% carbamide peroxide gel (2 hours/day); AS - no treatment (kept in artificial saliva (AS). Each fragment was submitted to KMH test (three indentations/fragment, with a 50 g load for 5 sec) four times: before (baseline); during (14 and 28 days) and after (7 days immerged in AS) the bleaching treatment. The data were submitted to repeated-measures two-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Results: There was no effect of the interaction between the time and treatment factors (p=0.327). No significant effect was observed from the time factor (p = 0.054). The factor treatment showed significant effect (p =0.002). Regardless of time, the KMH of the enamel submitted to HP was lower than the value observed with the use of CP, which did not differ significantly from the control group (AS). Conclusion: Although there was a trend of decreasing enamel microhardness over time, only the mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide had a significant effect.

Analyzing Repeated Measures on Generalized Linear Models via the Bootstrap

Biometrics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Moulton ◽  
Scott L. Zeger
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models

scholarly journals A Family of Generalized Linear Models for Repeated Measures with Normal and Conjugate Random Effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Molenberghs ◽  
Geert Verbeke ◽  
Clarice G. B. Demétrio ◽  
Afrânio M. C. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models

scholarly journals Bleaching Gels Containing Calcium and Fluoride: Effect on Enamel Erosion Susceptibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra B. Borges ◽  
Carlos R. G. Torres ◽  
Paulo A. B. de Souza ◽  
Taciana M. F. Caneppele ◽  
Luciana F. T. F. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Calcium Gluconate ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
Agent Control ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Enamel Wear ◽  
Bleaching Gels

Thisin vitrostudy evaluated the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel modified or not by the addition of calcium and fluoride on enamel susceptibility to erosion. Bovine enamel samples (3 mm in diameter) were divided into four groups (n=15) according to the bleaching agent: control—without bleaching (C); 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); 35% HP with the addition of 2% calcium gluconate (HP + Ca); 35% HP with the addition of 0.6% sodium fluoride (HP + F). The bleaching gels were applied on the enamel surface for 40 min, and the specimens were subjected to erosive challenge with Sprite Zero and remineralization with artificial saliva for 5 days. Enamel wear was assessed using profilometry. The data were analyzed by ANOVA/ Tukey’s test (P<0.05). There were significant differences among the groups (P=0.009). The most enamel wear was seen for C (3.37±0.80 μm), followed by HP (2.89±0.98 μm) and HP + F (2.72±0.64 μm). HP + Ca (2.31±0.92 μm) was the only group able to significantly reduce enamel erosion compared to C. The application of HP bleaching agent did not increase the enamel susceptibility to erosion. However, the addition of calcium gluconate to the HP gel resulted in reduced susceptibility of the enamel to erosion.

scholarly journals Impact of Bioactive Glass-Based Toothpaste on Color Properties and Surface Microhardness of Bleached Enamel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raíssa Manoel Garcia ◽  
Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Junior ◽  
Jéssica Dias Theobaldo ◽  
Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar ◽  
Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Abstract Objectives The role of toothpaste used during aesthetic treatments is rarely investigated. The objective was to evaluate the effects of a bioactive glass-based toothpaste (BGT) used before or after the dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Materials and Methods Bovine enamel blocks (4 × 4 mm; n = 12) were submitted to tooth bleaching and different treatments/storage, before or after HP, based on: (1) no toothpaste and immersion in artificial saliva (AS) after HP for 24 hours, 7 days, or 14 days (control); (2) daily BGT use and AS storage for 7 or 14 days (after HP); and (3) daily BGT use and AS storage for 7 or 14 days (prior to HP). Surface and in-depth color were determined using the CIE L*a*b* system (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE) on enamel surface and underlying dentin. The surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated using a Knoop microhardness tester. Statistical Analysis Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (color variables), repeated measures ANOVA (SMH), and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results The color changes on the enamel or underlying dentin were not statistically different among the groups (p > 0.05). Twenty-four hours after HP presented a decrease in SMH differing from baseline (p < 0.01). This decrease did not occur in the groups previously exposed to BGT (p > 0.05). BGT use after HP for 7 days differed from group with exclusive AS storage (p < 0.05). Conclusion In-office tooth bleaching can decrease the microhardness of enamel surface; however, the use of BGT promotes the protection or enables the mineral recovery of tooth without the influence the bleaching efficacy.

Effect of Mouth Rinse Treatments on Bleached Enamel Properties, Surface Morphology, and Tooth Color

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
LN Ferraz ◽  
MCC Giorgi ◽  
GMB Ambrosano ◽  
FHB Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Mouth Rinses

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of mouth rinse exposure on bleached enamel. Methods: Enamel/dentin bovine blocks (4×4×2 mm) were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and were submitted to immersion twice daily for 14 days with different rinses (n=10), including those involving: distilled water (C [control]), 225-ppm NaF (FM, Colgate Plax Classic), essential oil (EM, Listerine Tartar Control), 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HPM, Colgate Plax Whitening), and 2% hydrogen peroxide, pyrophosphates, and 225-ppm NaF (HPM+P, Colgate® Luminous White). The specimens were stored in a remineralizing solution during all experiments. Analyses of color (ΔE, L*, a*, b*) and roughness (Ra) were performed at the baseline, after HP, and after exposure to the rinse. The cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) and images by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were assessed at the end. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE), repeated measures ANOVA (Ra), and split-plot ANOVA (CSMH), followed by the Tukey test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (α=0.05). Results: Color changes were not statistically different in the groups. Ra increased in all groups after bleaching; however, it was reestablished in C, FM, and HPM+F and increased in EM after 14 days of the rinse. EM and HPM reduced the CSMH values differing from C and promoted alterations on the enamel surface visualized by SEM. Conclusion: The mouth rinses did not affect the whitening efficacy or promote benefits on bleached enamel properties. Moreover, the 1.5% hydrogen peroxide– or essential oil–based mouth rinses affected the bleached enamel properties, promoting an alteration in morphologic surface and mineral loss in depth.

scholarly journals Microhardness of the enamel exposed to whitening dentifrices.

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Alex Mendez De Arruda ◽  
André Luiz Fraga Briso ◽  
Osmir Batista De Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Paulo Henrique Dos Santos ◽  
Simone Cristina Tosti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Weight Proportion

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of three different types of dentifrices on the superficial microhardness of bovine enamel. Methods: Forty-eight 4x4mm dental fragments were polished and randomly divided into 4 groups: GI, conventional silica-based dentifrice; GII, hydrogen peroxide-based dentifrice; GIII, carbamide peroxide-based dentifrice; and GIV, immersion in artificial saliva. After polished, the specimens received five indentations of 25g static load, for 5 seconds. Subsequently, specimens from groups GI, GII and GIII were immersed in solution containing dentifrice and distilled water, in weight proportion of 1:2, for 15 minutes daily. After this period, fragments were rinsed in tap water and stored in artificial saliva at 37oC. This procedure was repeated for 21 days and then a new analysis of the microhardness was performed. Results and conclusion: The results were submitted to ANOVA and Fisher’s test at 5%. It was concluded that all samples treated with dentifrices showed hardness decrease, being most pronounced in dentifrices containing peroxide.

scholarly journals Color Stability and Staining Susceptibility of Direct Resin-Based Composites after Light-Activated In-Office Bleaching

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2941
Author(s):  
Pei-Wen Peng ◽  
Chiung-Fang Huang ◽  
Ching-Ying Hsu ◽  
Ann Chen ◽  
Ho-Him Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Whiteness Index ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

This study evaluated color stability and staining susceptibility of five direct resin-based composites (RBCs) subjected to light-activated in-office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP). The test materials included 5 RBCs, which consisted of one nano-filled, one sub-micron, one bulk-filled, and two nano-hybrid RBC types. Ten disc-shaped specimens of each RBC were fabricated and divided into bleaching (BLE) and non-bleaching (CON) groups (n = 5 for each group). Specimens were then immersed in red wine solution over 4 h. A spectrophotometer was used to obtain Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* parameters for each of the following periods tested: before bleaching (TBA), after bleaching (TBL), and after staining (TST). Color stability and staining susceptibility were evaluated using two metrics, CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00) and whiteness variations using the whiteness index (ΔWID). Data were analyzed using repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). Statistically significant and clinically unaccepted ΔE00 and ΔWID were observed for all tested specimens between TBA and TBL. The nano-hybrid type RBCs showed the highest discoloration among materials after bleaching treatment. The BLE group exhibited significantly higher ΔE00 and ΔWID than the CON group for all the tested RBCs between TBA and TST. The sub-micron type RBC showed the highest discoloration among materials after immersion in the red wine. Conclusion. The light-activated in-office bleaching with 40% HP’s influences on color and whiteness index were material-dependent. The use of bleaching treatment also increased the susceptibility to red wine for all RBCs.

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