Modified Gamma Network: Design and Reliability Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Gupta ◽  
Gobind Lal Pahuja
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Switching Element ◽  
Node Pair ◽  
Multiple Processors ◽  
Output Stages

Background: VLSI technology advancements have resulted the requirements of high computational power, which can be achieved by implementing multiple processors in parallel. These multiple processors have to communicate with their memory modules by using Interconnection Networks (IN). Multistage Interconnection networks (MIN) are used as IN, as they provide efficient computing with low cost. Objective: the objective of the study is to introduce new reliable Gamma MIN named as a Modified Gamma Interconnection Network (MGIN), which provide reliability and fault-tolerance with less number of stages of Switching element only. Method: Switching Element (SE) of bigger size i.e. 2×3/3×2 has been employed at input/output stages inspite of 1×3/3×1 sized SE at input/output stages with reduction in one intermidiate stage. Fault tolerance has been introduced in the form of disjoint paths formed between each source-destnation node pair. Hence reliability has been improved. Results: Terminal, Broadcast and Network Reliability has been evaluated by using Reliability Block Diagrams for each source-destination node pair. The results have been shown, which depicts the higher reliability values for newly proposed network. The cost analysis shows that new MGIN is a cheaper network than other Gamma variants. Conclusion: MGIN has better reliability and Fault-tolerance than priviously proposed Gamma MIN.

SEGIN-Minus: A New Approach to Design Reliable and Fault-Tolerant MIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
Shilpa Gupta ◽  
Gobind Lal Pahuja
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Node Pair ◽  
Output Terminal ◽  
Multiple Processors

Background: VLSI technology advancements have resulted the requirements of high computational power, which can be achieved by implementing multiple processors in parallel. These multiple processors have to communicate with their memory modules by using Interconnection Networks (IN). Multistage Interconnection Networks (MIN) are used as IN, as they provide efficient computing with low cost. Objective: the objective of the study is to introduce new reliable MIN named as a (Shuffle Exchange Gamma Interconnection Network Minus) SEGIN-Minus, which provide reliability and faulttolerance with less number of stages. Methods: MUX at input terminal and DEMUX at output terminal of SEGIN has been employed with reduction in one intermidiate stage. Fault tolerance has been introduced in the form of disjoint paths formed between each source-destnation node pair. Hence reliability has been improved. Results: Terminal, Broadcast and Network Reliability has been evaluated by using Reliability Block Diagrams for each source-destination node pair. The results have been shown, which depicts the hiher reliability values for newly proposed network. The cost analysis shows that new SEGINMinus is a cheaper network than SEGIN. Conclusion: SEGIN-Minus has better reliability and Fault-tolerance than priviously proposed SEGIN.

Component Edge Connectivity of Hypercubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuli Zhao ◽  
Weihua Yang ◽  
Shurong Zhang ◽  
Liqiong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Complete Graph ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Edge Connectivity ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Text Component

Fault tolerance is an important issue in interconnection networks, and the traditional edge connectivity is an important measure to evaluate the robustness of an interconnection network. The component edge connectivity is a generalization of the traditional edge connectivity. The [Formula: see text]-component edge connectivity [Formula: see text] of a non-complete graph [Formula: see text] is the minimum number of edges whose deletion results in a graph with at least [Formula: see text] components. Let [Formula: see text] be an integer and [Formula: see text] be the decomposition of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. In this note, we determine the [Formula: see text]-component edge connectivity of the hypercube [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we classify the corresponding optimal solutions.

Designing a New Class of Fault Tolerant Multistage Interconnection Networks

2005 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 361-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Arya ◽  
R. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Multistage Interconnection Networks ◽  
Multistage Interconnection Network ◽  
New Class

This paper proposes a technique to modify a Multistage Interconnection Network (MIN) to augment it with fault tolerant capabilities. The augmented MIN is referred to as Enhanced MIN (E-MIN). The technique employed for construction of E-MIN is compared with the two known physical fault tolerance techniques, namely, extra staging and chaining. EMINs are found to be more generic than extra staged networks and less expensive than chained networks. The EMIN realizes all the permutations realizable by the original MIN. The routing strategies under faulty and fault free conditions are shown to be very simple in the case of E-MINs.

Fault-Tolerant Maximal Local-Connectivity on Cayley Graphs Generated by Transpositions

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (08) ◽  
pp. 1301-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiong Xu ◽  
Shuming Zhou ◽  
Weihua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Cayley Graphs ◽  
Disjoint Paths ◽  
Local Connectivity ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Restricted Condition ◽  
Vertex Disjoint

An interconnection network is usually modeled as a graph, in which vertices and edges correspond to processors and communication links, respectively. Connectivity is an important metric for fault tolerance of interconnection networks. A graph [Formula: see text] is said to be maximally local-connected if each pair of vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are connected by [Formula: see text] vertex-disjoint paths. In this paper, we show that Cayley graphs generated by [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]) transpositions are [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant maximally local-connected and are also [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant one-to-many maximally local-connected if their corresponding transposition generating graphs have a triangle, [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant one-to-many maximally local-connected if their corresponding transposition generating graphs have no triangles. Furthermore, under the restricted condition that each vertex has at least two fault-free adjacent vertices, Cayley graphs generated by [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]) transpositions are [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant maximally local-connected if their corresponding transposition generating graphs have no triangles.

scholarly journals The r-Extra Diagnosability of Hyper Petersen Graphs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shiying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Petersen Graph ◽  
Multiprocessor System ◽  
Topology Structure ◽  
Pmc Model ◽  
Petersen Graphs ◽  
Text Model

The diagnosability of a multiprocessor system or an interconnection network plays an important role in measuring the fault tolerance of the network. In 2016, Zhang et al. proposed a new measure for fault diagnosis of the system, namely, the [Formula: see text]-extra diagnosability, which restrains that every fault-free component has at least [Formula: see text] fault-free nodes. As a famous topology structure of interconnection networks, the hyper Petersen graph [Formula: see text] has many good properties. It is difficult to prove the [Formula: see text]-extra diagnosability of an interconnection network. In this paper, we show that the [Formula: see text]-extra diagnosability of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the PMC model and for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the MM[Formula: see text] model.

A novel design layout of three disjoint paths multistage interconnection network & its reliability analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-403
Author(s):  
Vipin Sharma ◽  
Abdul Q. Ansari ◽  
Rajesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Disjoint Paths ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multistage Interconnection Network ◽  
Terminal Reliability

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a efficient layout of Multistage interconnection network which has cost effective solution with high reliability and fault-tolerence capability. For parallel computation, various multistage interconnection networks (MINs) have been discussed hitherto in the literature, however, these networks always required further improvement in reliability and fault-tolerance capability. The fault-tolerance capability of the network can be achieved by increasing the number of disjoint paths as a result the reliability of the interconnection networks is also improved. Design/methodology/approach This proposed design is a modification of gamma interconnection network (GIN) and three disjoint path gamma interconnection network (3-DGIN). It has a total seven number of paths for all tag values which is uniform out of these seven paths, three paths are disjoint paths which increase the fault tolerance capability by two faults. Due to the presence of more paths than the GIN and 3-DGIN, this proposed design is more reliable. Findings In this study, a new design layout of a MIN has been proposed which provides three disjoint paths and uniformity in terms of an equal number of paths for all source-destination (S-D) pairs. The new layout contains fewer nodes as compared to GIN and 3-DGIN. This design provides a symmetrical structure, low cost, better terminal reliability and provides an equal number of paths for all tag values (|S-D|) when compared with existing MINs of this class. Originality/value A new design layout of MINs has been purposed and its two terminal reliability is calculated with the help of the reliability block diagram technique.

ON THE COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF ROUTING IN FAULTY K-ARY N-CUBES AND HYPERCUBES

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250003
Author(s):  
IAIN A. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Source Node ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Underlying Graph

We equate a routing algorithm in a (faulty) interconnection network whose underlying graph is a k-ary n-cube or a hypercube, that attempts to route a packet from a fixed source node to a fixed destination node, with the sub-digraph of (healthy) links potentially usable by this routing algorithm as it attempts to route the packet. This gives rise to a naturally defined problem, parameterized by this routing algorithm, relating to whether a packet can be routed from a given source node to a given destination node in one of our interconnection networks in which there are (possibly exponentially many) faulty links. We show that there exist such problems that are PSPACE-complete (all are solvable in PSPACE) but that there are (existing and popular) routing algorithms for which the computational complexity of the corresponding problem is significantly easier (yet still computationally intractable).

Design of Fault Tolerant Shuffle Exchange Gamma Interconnection Network Layouts

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750005 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAURAV KHANNA ◽  
RAJESH MISHRA ◽  
S. K. CHATURVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disjoint Paths ◽  
Multiple Processors ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Telephone Industry ◽  
Exchange Network ◽  
Shuffle Exchange Network

Advancement in technology has resulted in increased computing power with the use of multiple processors within a system. These multiple processors need to communicate with each other and with memory modules. Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) provide a communication medium in such multi-processor systems by interconnecting a number of processors and memory modules. Besides, MINs also provide a cost effective substitute to costly crossbars in parallel computers and switching systems in telephone industry. This paper introduces two new fault-tolerant MINs named as Shuffle Exchange Gamma Interconnection Networks (SEGIN-1 and SEGIN-2). SEGIN-1 and SEGIN-2 can be obtained by altering Shuffle Exchange Network with one extra stage (SEN+) and provide two disjoint paths similar to it. Performance of SEGIN-1 and SEGIN-2 has been evaluated in terms of alternative paths, disjoint paths, reliability and hardware cost, and is compared with some very famous MINs like Shuffle Exchange Network (SEN), Shuffle Exchange Network with one extra stage (SEN+), Shuffle Exchange Network with two extra stage (SEN+2), Extra Stage Cube (ESC) and Gamma Interconnection Network (GIN). Results suggest that SEGINs surpass all the compared networks; hence, the proposed designs seem to be suitable for implementing practical interconnection networks.

The Generalized Connectivity of Bubble-Sort Star Graphs

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 793-809
Author(s):  
Shu-Li Zhao ◽  
Rong-Xia Hao
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Star Graph ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Star Graphs ◽  
Generalized Connectivity ◽  
Internally Disjoint Trees

The connectivity plays an important role in measuring the fault tolerance and reliability of interconnection networks. The generalized [Formula: see text]-connectivity of a graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is an important indicator of a network’s ability for fault tolerance and reliability. The bubble-sort star graph, denoted by [Formula: see text], is a well known interconnection network. In this paper, we show that [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], that is, for any three vertices in [Formula: see text], there exist [Formula: see text] internally disjoint trees connecting them in [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], which attains the upper bound of [Formula: see text] given by Li et al. for [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals The Edge Connectivity of Expanded k-Ary n-Cubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shiying Wang ◽  
Mujiangshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Multiprocessor System ◽  
Multiprocessor Systems ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Edge Connectivity ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Minimum Number

Mass data processing and complex problem solving have higher and higher demands for performance of multiprocessor systems. Many multiprocessor systems have interconnection networks as underlying topologies. The interconnection network determines the performance of a multiprocessor system. The network is usually represented by a graph where nodes (vertices) represent processors and links (edges) represent communication links between processors. For the network G, two vertices u and v of G are said to be connected if there is a (u,v)-path in G. If G has exactly one component, then G is connected; otherwise G is disconnected. In the system where the processors and their communication links to each other are likely to fail, it is important to consider the fault tolerance of the network. For a connected network G=(V,E), its inverse problem is that G-F is disconnected, where F⊆V or F⊆E. The connectivity or edge connectivity is the minimum number of F. Connectivity plays an important role in measuring the fault tolerance of the network. As a topology structure of interconnection networks, the expanded k-ary n-cube XQnk has many good properties. In this paper, we prove that (1) XQnk is super edge-connected (n≥3); (2) the restricted edge connectivity of XQnk is 8n-2 (n≥3); (3) XQnk is super restricted edge-connected (n≥3).

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