scholarly journals Demonstrability of Categories: the viae divisivae and their criticisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Mário João Correia
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Albert The Great ◽  
Robert Kilwardby

From an early stage, the Aristotelian list of ten categories was seen with suspicion. Authors discussed not only the scope of the list - expressions, concepts, realities -, but also its alleged arbitrariness. One of the attempts to give an account of the completeness and sufficiency of the Aristotelian categories was inspired by a passage in Aristotle’s Topics: a via divisiva, in a shape of a tree, which covers all the possibilities. At least since Porphyry, several authors applied this scheme to the ten categories. With this work, I intend to present some of the viae divisivae created by 13th century authors, i.e., Robert Kilwardby, Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas. In a second moment, I will give an account about Duns Scotus’ critique to this kind of procedure. According to Scotus, theviae divisivae do the opposite of what is intended.

Die Opposition des Johannes de Polliaco gegen die Schule der Gandavistae

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 115-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Hödl
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Modal Interpretation ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Albert The Great ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Lasting Influence ◽  
Aristotelian Tradition

In spite of the fact that Henry of Gent (†1293) had a major and lasting influence on the developments at the University of Paris after the condemnation of the errores philosophorum in 1277, the Gandavistae – pupils of Henry of Gent – are hardly known by their proper names in the history of philosophy. As a member of the theological and philosophical faculty, Henry broke with the predominant Averroistic approach to Aristotle’s conception of science and concentrated, instead, on the Aristotelian tradition. He defended a revised version of the Aristotelian doctrine of the categories along the lines of the pseudo-Boethian Liber de sex principiis and ascribed fundamental eminence to relatio, a category which was considered ontologically “debilissimus” among the Aristotelians. John de Polliaco († p. 1321) was a pupil of Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Gent and Godfrey of Fontaines during the seventies of the 13th century. In his Quodlibet I, q. 7, dating from 1307, he gave a controversial account of the notion of relation that was favoured by Henry’s adherents: “Does the relation, expressed as a (modal) respect, differ from the respects (respectus) expressed by the six principles?” In this discussion he attacks the intentional and modal interpretation given by the Gandavistae and calls them non-reales. Is this accusation already an indication of the rise of 14th century nominalism?

Natural Rights in Albert the Great

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica García-Salmones Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Albert The Great

Paying careful attention to his use of language, this chapter introduces Albert the Great’s contribution to natural rights into the scholarly debate between subjective and objective rights. Teacher of Thomas Aquinas, Albert’s work on ius naturale has been overshadowed in many aspects by the significance and impact of his student’s. However, Albert’s early appearance on the stage of empirical sciences as a student of nature has been widely recognized. Eclectic in his use of sources, Albert would generously use Stoic writings, and would become as well a first-rate commentator of Aristotle’s works. As a theologian, Albert’s Augustinian influences cannot be neglected. The text examined here, De bono (1242), constitutes an early and thorough elaboration of an original doctrine of natural right and, importantly, of natural rights.

scholarly journals Libertar a verdade a modernidade antimoderna de João Duns Scotus

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (272) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Orlando Todisco
Keyword(s):  
Power Domination ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Subject

O Autor, seguindo Duns Scotus, avalia as possibilidades e os limites da lógica fundamental da cultura moderna, fundada sobre uma concepção do sujeito como poder-domínio, para, num segundo momento, apresentar as possibilidades da liberdade criativa, baseada na cultura do dom, da gratuidade.Abstract: The Author, after Duns Scotus, assesses the possibilities and the limits of the fundamental logic of modern culture, grounded on a conception of the subject as power-domination, for, in a second moment, to present the possibilities of the creative freedom, based on the culture of the gift, of the gratuity.

scholarly journals Thomas Aquinas and Albertus Magnus on the Problem of Evil: Insights from their Commentaries on the Book of Job

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Franklin T. Harkins
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Problem Of Evil ◽  
Divine Providence ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Albert The Great ◽  
The Problem Of Evil

Abstract This article broadly considers the commentaries on Job of Thomas Aquinas and Albert the Great as offering a helpful theological alternative to some modern philosophical approaches to the ‘problem of evil’. We seek to show that whereas some modern philosophers understand evil as a problem for the very existence of God, whether and how God can coexist with evil was never a question that evil seriously raised in the minds of Aquinas and Albert. In fact, although the suffering of the just in particular led our medieval Dominicans to wonder about divine providence and our ability to know God in this life, they understood the reality of evil as compelling evidence for the existence of God.

Mineralogy, Botany and Zoology in Medieval Hebrew Encyclopaedias

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Zonta
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Principal Feature ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Albert The Great ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Hebrew

There are three principal philosophical-scientific encyclopaedias written in Hebrew during the Middle Ages: Yehudah ha-Cohen'sMidrash ha-Ḥokmah(1245–1247), Shem Tov ibn Falaquera'sDe'ot ha-Filosofim(ca. 1270) and Gershon ben Shlomoh'sSha'ar ha-Shamayin(end of the 13th century). All three include detailed treatments of zoology, and the last two of botany and mineralogy as well. The principal feature of their treatments is their “theoretical” – not merely “descriptive” – approach: these encyclopaedias do not contain only lists of stones, plants and animals (such as other Arabic and Latin Medieval encyclopaedias), but also attempts at systematization and philosophical arrangement of the various available theories in the fields of mineralogy, botany and zoologyquasciences. An examination of the doctrines and the sources of these texts shows that, while the treatment of zoology relies upon Aristotle's zoological works and, above all, theirCompendiaby Averroes, the treatment of mineralogy and botany reflects the non-Aristotelian theories of theBrethren of Purity(Iḫwān al-Ṣafā'), rather than such texts as pseudo-Aristotle'sDe lapidibusand Nicolaus Damascenus'De plantis. In particular, Falaquera's encyclopaedia represents the most convincing effort to provide a truly scientific discussion of mineralogy and botany, comparable to that of his contemporary Albert the Great, and based upon theBrethren, Avicenna and, maybe, some lost works by Averroes.

Ibn Gabirol, Solomon (1021/2–57/8)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Divine Will ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Muslim Spain ◽  
Critical Reflections

Ibn Gabirol was an outstanding exemplar of the Judaeo–Arabic symbiosis of medieval Muslim Spain, a poet as well as the author of prose works in both Hebrew and Arabic. His philosophical masterwork, the Mekor Hayyim (Fountain of Life), was well known to the Latin scholastics in its twelfth century Latin translation, the Fons Vitae. The work presents a Neoplatonic conception of reality, with a creator God at the apex. The universal hylomorphism that pervades the created order, both spiritual and corporeal, has divine will as the intermediary between God and creation, allowing Ibn Gabirol to avoid the rigidly determinist emanationism of his Greek predecessors. The Fons Vitae challenged such philosophers as Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus to critical reflections regarding individuation and personal immortality.

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