scholarly journals Libertar a verdade a modernidade antimoderna de João Duns Scotus

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (272) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Orlando Todisco
Keyword(s):  
Power Domination ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Subject

O Autor, seguindo Duns Scotus, avalia as possibilidades e os limites da lógica fundamental da cultura moderna, fundada sobre uma concepção do sujeito como poder-domínio, para, num segundo momento, apresentar as possibilidades da liberdade criativa, baseada na cultura do dom, da gratuidade.Abstract: The Author, after Duns Scotus, assesses the possibilities and the limits of the fundamental logic of modern culture, grounded on a conception of the subject as power-domination, for, in a second moment, to present the possibilities of the creative freedom, based on the culture of the gift, of the gratuity.

Supposition and Predication in Medieval Trinitarian Logic

Vivarium ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 260-274
Author(s):  
Simo Knuuttila
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Subject Term ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Many fourteenth-century logicians took affirmative propositions to maintain that the subject term and the predicate term stand or supposit for the same. This is called the identity theory of predication by historians and praedicatio identica (or one form of praedicatio identica) by Paul of Venice and others. The identity theory of predication was an important part of early fourteenth-century Trinitarian discussions as well, but what was called praedicatio identica by Duns Scotus and his followers in this context was something different. After some remarks on Scotus’s view and its background, I shall analyse Adam Wodeham’s explanation of Scotus’s praedicatio identica and how he understood the assumptions pertaining to supposition in the Scotist approach. I also describe Wodeham’s own solution to Trinitarian sophisms, which did not deviate from the identity theory of predication.

scholarly journals Global holiday as a cultural phenomenon of the Digital Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Tuzovskii
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Day Of The Dead ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Status ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is modern celebratory culture in the context of impact of globalization processes upon festivities. The author explores a new phenomenon that emerged in the early XXI century – a “global holiday” within the framework of sociocultural transformations related to transition of humanity towards the Digital Age, and formation of the global information space. Special attention is given to the following aspects: creation of media and post-mythological global holidays of the Digital Age, and transformation of the traditional holiday into new metanational forms. The methodological foundation for studying the holidays that received the status of "global" in modern culture became the adaptation of “head page method” applied in sociological, cultural and futurological research and sociocultural monitoring, including overt observation. The conclusion is made that modern culture marks the formation of several types of global holidays that carry metanational character: the first group includes media-produced holidays associated with post-folklore and post-mythology of modern society, or represent celebratory events as award ceremonies in the field of politics, art and science; the second group includes ethnic traditional holidays that received the global status (Halloween, St. Patrick's Day, Mexican Day of the Dead, Holi “Festival of Spring”, etc.). The phenomenon of global holidays should be taken into account in creation of the national strategies of cultural policy, and the global holiday itself may become one of the "soft power" tools in the Digital Age.

scholarly journals Features of Legal Regulation of the Circulation Order of Gift Certificates

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Avak Vartanian
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Advance Payment ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Gift Certificate

The article analyzes the novels of the legislation of the Republic of Belarus concerning the procedure for using gift certificates when selling goods (performance of works, rendering services). It has been done a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of the procedure for circulation of gift certificates in the Republic of Belarus, Ukraine and some foreign countries (Canada, the USA). The author raises some problems concerning the use of a gift certificate in civil circulation. It is pointed out that there is uncertainty both in the theory of civil law and at the level of legislative regulation regarding the civil law nature of a gift certificate. It is noted that the analysis of the legislation in force in the Republic of Belarus allows us to define a gift certificate as a document certifying the property right (requirement) of its holder (bearer) to receive goods (works, services), and the amount of money contributed when purchasing a gift certificate, as advance payment (advance payment). At the same time, such an approach of the legislator is criticized due to the fact that there is a clear contradiction to the requirements of Art. 402 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Belarus, from the content of which it follows that the advance payment presupposes the existence of a contract in which the subject has been agreed, which is not typical of most gift certificates, due to the fact that they do not contain an indication of the subject of the contract. Having done the analysis of the civil legislation of Ukraine, the author makes a conclusion that there is application of the rules on a purchase agreement to gift certificates, the subject of which may be property rights in accordance with the Civil Code of Ukraine. The conclusion is made about the imperfection of the legal regulation of the procedure for circulation of gift certificates in the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine, as well as about the complex legal nature of the gift certificate, regarding which legal regulation should be more universal, defining a gift certificate as an independent object of civil legal relationship.

JOHN DUNS SCOTUS ON HUMAN BEINGS IN THE STATE OF INNOCENCE

Traditio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 289-310
Author(s):  
ERNESTO DEZZA
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Theological Orientation ◽  
New Interpretation

The present article presents the theory of the Franciscan master John Duns Scotus (1265/66–1308) on the so-called “state of innocence,” namely the condition in which human beings lived before the first sin. The state of innocence is characterized by the gift of original justice, guaranteeing harmony between the soul's powers and immortality. Derived from traditional Christian anthropology, Scotus's description offers a chance for dialogue with the masters of the second half of the thirteenth century, among them Henry of Ghent, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure. Because of the theological orientation of Scotus's explanation, human beings as outlined by him are simultaneously naturally good and in need of divine gifts to reach their very end. Through a new interpretation of modality, Scotus's position is better able to express certain conditions related to power/possibility within the state of innocence.

The Tablet-woven Braids from the Vestments of St. Cuthbert at Durham

1939 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace M. Crowfoot
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Alfred The Great ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Subject

The braids which form the subject of this study were found with a stole and maniple on the body of St. Cuthbert when the tomb was opened in 1827. The vestments are embroidered in coloured silks and gold thread: the stole with figures of prophets, and the maniple with those of saints. Both have an inscription embroidered on the ends, with the names of the donor, Ælflæda, and the ‘pious Bishop Fridestan’ for whom they were worked. Fridestan became the Bishop of Winchester in A.D. 905 and Ælflæda, second wife of Edward the Elder, son of Alfred the Great, died in A.D. 916, so that the gift must have been made between these dates. It is further probable that this stole and maniple are identical with those recorded as having been presented to the shrine of St. Cuthbert (then at Chester-le-Street) by King Athelstan, stepson of Queen Ælflæda, in A.D. 934. Fridestan had died in 931, and this circumstance, together with the close connexion of the king's family with Winchester, supports the story.

A Broken Fast

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 165-184
Author(s):  
Timothy Stock ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Precise Meaning ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ethical Discussion ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Subject

“The gift of bread from my mouth” serves as a byword for “Levinasian ethics,” the precise meaning of which is often taken for granted. It is not at all clear that a prescriptive ethics could ever be derived from these passages; it is also a hyperbole for responsibility. Discussion of this figure almost universally ignores the parallel, and explicitly ethical, discussion of Isaiah 58, where the breaking of bread represents the perplexity of hunger, the rejection of oppression, and the proximity of God. The breaking of bread is not a self-standing account of ethics but is paralleled by the ethics of the broken fast. The “gift of bread from my mouth” helps to explain the repeated references to fasting throughout Levinas’s authorship. The varying figures of the broken bread frame an ontological drama: sensibility, separation, proximity, and diachrony—and presses the sense that possession and the ego are ethically futile, as the alterity of hunger is proximal or “at the core” of the subject.

II. Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne

1939 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Ganshof
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preceding Period ◽  
The Subject

A Number of important studies have been published in recent years on the subject of benefice and vassalage during the early Middle Ages, and it may consequently be worth while to re-examine some of the problems raised by the origin and early development of these two institutions. I have dealt elsewhere with, the circumstances which tended towards their union early in the eighth, century, under the early Carolingians, In this article I hope to indicate at least the principal features of the history of benefice and vassalage during the reign of Charlemagne. The Influence which Charles exercised on the public and private institutions of the Frankish state was so definite and far-reaching as fully to justify the limitation of the subject-matter of my inquiry to the space of a single reign. Unfortunately the lack of adequate sources, though less serious than for the preceding period, renders the task of tracing their history a somewhat difficult one. Although the capitularies contain a relatively large number of provisions that deal specifically with these institutions, we have very little information as to how they worked in practice. The narrative sources, with the exception of two or three texts, tell us little or nothing. We have to fall back on the evidence of charters, though even these only rarely, when dealing with a dispute or legal proceeding, throw some light on the subject. This is what we might in any case expect, for the essential feature of the entry of a person into vassalage or of the gift of a benefice was the oral act, and not any embodiment of it in writing.

scholarly journals Demonstrability of Categories: the viae divisivae and their criticisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Mário João Correia
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Albert The Great ◽  
Robert Kilwardby

From an early stage, the Aristotelian list of ten categories was seen with suspicion. Authors discussed not only the scope of the list - expressions, concepts, realities -, but also its alleged arbitrariness. One of the attempts to give an account of the completeness and sufficiency of the Aristotelian categories was inspired by a passage in Aristotle’s Topics: a via divisiva, in a shape of a tree, which covers all the possibilities. At least since Porphyry, several authors applied this scheme to the ten categories. With this work, I intend to present some of the viae divisivae created by 13th century authors, i.e., Robert Kilwardby, Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas. In a second moment, I will give an account about Duns Scotus’ critique to this kind of procedure. According to Scotus, theviae divisivae do the opposite of what is intended.

scholarly journals Disciplina e Subjetivação: o sujeito no contexto escolar neoliberal

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Fabio Alves Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Mariana Santiago Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
School Context ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Do So

Este trabalho tem o propósito de investigar a produção do sujeito no contexto escolar neoliberal, a partir de Michel Foucault. Para tal, analisaremos de que maneira os dispositivos disciplinares atuam sobre os corpos desses sujeitos no contexto escolar como um todo para que, em um segundo momento, se possa refletir sobre as especificidades desses dispositivos no contexto neoliberal. Tal equação se traduz na forma do binômio: construir/fabricar sujeitos, compreendido também pelo processo de subjetivação. Portanto, este trabalho objetiva analisar os conceitos de disciplina e subjetivação em Foucault como forma de melhor compreender as influências do contexto neoliberal nos espaços de ensino contemporâneos.Palavras-chave: Escola. Subjetivação. Disciplina. Discipline and Subjectivation: the subject in the neoliberal school contextABSTRACT This work aims to investigate the formation of the subject in Michel. Foucault. To do so, we will analyze how disciplinary devices act on the bodies on these subjects in the school context, then in a second moment we can reflect on specificities of these devices in the neoliberal context. This equation translates itself into the binomial form: frame / create subjects, understood also by the process of subjectivation. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the concepts of discipline and subjectivation in Foucault in a way to better understand the influences of the neoliberal context in contemporary educational spaces.Keywords: School. Subjectivation. Discipline. Disciplina y Subjetivación: del sujeto en el contexto escolar neoliberalRESUMENEste trabajo tiene el propósito de investigar la producción del sujeto en el contexto escolar neoliberal, a partir de Michel Foucault. Para ello, analizaremos de qué manera los dispositivos disciplinares actúan sobre los cuerpos de esos sujetos en el contexto escolar como un todo para que, en un segundo momento, podamos reflexionar sobre las especificidades de esos dispositivos en el contexto neoliberal. Esta ecuación se traduce en la forma del binomio: construir / fabricar sujetos, comprendido también por el proceso de subjetivación. Por lo tanto, este trabajo objetiva analizar los conceptos de disciplina y subjetivación en Foucault como forma de comprender mejor las influencias del contexto neoliberal en los espacios de enseñanza contemporáneos.Palabras clave: Escuela. La subjetividade. La disciplina.

scholarly journals From logos to image: the trends in transformation of modern culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Olga Leonidovna Sytykh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Visual Rotation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this study is the transformation of modern culture associated with the visual turn. Using the dialectical method and systemic analysis, the author determines the trends in transformation of modern culture. The goal of article is to demonstrate the essence such changes, their vector and impact upon individual and society. The factors of transformation, its manifestations, and consequences are revealed. The works of the representatives of philosophy, culturology, sociology, history, etc. comprise the theoretical framework for this research. The empirical base contains the results of sociological survey conducted 2020 on the premises of two universities in the Altai Krai. The novelty consists in identification of the trends of cultural transformation under the influence of visual turn, their positive and negative consequences for individual and society, as well as generalization of numerous manifestations of these trends. The main conclusion of this study is the author's position about serious and contradictory transformations in society under the influence of visual rotation. The impact of visual rotation has both positive and negative development trends and their consequences. Among the positive effects of the visual turn, the author highlights stimulation of the development of visual thinking, which depends on functioning of the right brain. The author also indicates negative consequences of the visual transformation of culture. Perception through images weans people from thinking. Receiving information through images, rather than through speech, increases the clipping nature of consciousness. This entails the possibility of formation of an individual subject to manipulation. The presentation of images on the Internet and arrangement of visual series develops the habit of expecting “the solution of your problems by someone else” in the situation of choice. Another consequence of the transition from logos to image is the formation of prerequisites for “easy” submersion into virtual situations.

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