Inoculation of Rice with Different Pathogens: Sheath Blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Damping off Disease (Pythium graminicola) and Barley Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei)

  The resistance Heils Hanna (HH) was postulated in several tens of 471 previously tested winter barley cultivars. In this paper, new tests on 29 of these cultivars are reported. Thirty-two reference isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei held in the pathogen genebank at the Agricultural Research Institute in Kromeriz, Ltd. including a Japanese isolate and five Israeli isolates were used for response tests. However, the resistance HH conferred by the gene Mla8 and herein characterised by reaction type 0 to an old Japanese isolate known as Race I was now postulated only in four cultivars. In the other 25 cultivars another resistance, characterised by reaction type 0 to Race I and also to two Israeli isolates, was detected. In addition to the two mentioned resistances, eight known (Bw, Dr2, Ha, IM9, Ln, Lv, Ra and Sp) resistances were found in the set examined. Lomerit was the only registered cultivar tested here in which the newly detected resistance was present alone, therefore, it is recommended that this resistance be designated Lo.

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Impact of proquinazid on appressorial development of the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp hordei

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.04.011 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 94 (2-3) ◽

pp. 127-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sally R. Gilbert ◽

Hans J. Cools ◽

Bart A. Fraaije ◽

Andy M. Bailey ◽

John A. Lucas

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Blumeria Graminis ◽

Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽

Barley Powdery Mildew

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Selections from barley landrace collected in Libya as new sources of effective resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei)

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4229-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.H. Czembor ◽

H.J. Czembor

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Recessive Gene ◽

Blumeria Graminis ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Barley Landrace ◽

Barley Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei occurs worldwide and can result in severe yield loss. Because agronomical methods to control the disease are not completely effective, cultivars with genetic resistance are needed. Therefore, there is a need to describe new sources of genes that confer resistance to barley powdery mildew. This study was conducted to determine the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in three selections 995-1-1, 995-1-2, 995-1-3 from barley landrace 995 (ICB 112840) collected in Al Aziziyah district, Tripolitania, Libya. Landrace originated from InternationalCenter for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas – ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. To determine the number of genes, the types of genes action and the gene loci in tested lines two types of crosses were made: (1) the lines were crossed to the susceptible cultivar Pallas, (2) the lines were crossed with Pallas isoline P22 carrying gene mlo5. The parents and progeny F2 were evaluated with isolate R303.1 for the powdery mildew resistance. Based on segregation ratios we found that resistance in these three selections was determined by a single recessive gene allelic to the Mlo locus occurring in Pallas isoline P22. In addition tested lines showed resistance reaction type 0(4) characteristic only for genes mlo. The value of new identified sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance to breeding programs and barley production is discussed.

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High Humidity Causes Abnormalities in the Process of Appressorial Formation of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9010045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Koreyuki Sugai ◽

Hiroshi Inoue ◽

Chie Inoue ◽

Mayuko Sato ◽

Mayumi Wakazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Germ Tube ◽

Penetration Rate ◽

Blumeria Graminis ◽

High Humidity ◽

Appressorium Formation ◽

Humidity Condition ◽

Barley Powdery Mildew ◽

Low Humidity ◽

High Humidity Condition

High humidity decreases the penetration rate of barley powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. However, the mechanism is not well understood. In this study, the morphological and cytochemical analyses revealed that substances containing proteins leaked from the tip of the appressorial germ tube of conidia without the formation of appressorium under a high humidity condition. In addition, exposure to high humidity prior to the formation of appressorium caused the aberrant formation of the appressorial germ tube without appressorium formation, resulting in failure to penetrate the host cell. These findings suggest that the formation and maturation of the appressorium requires a low humidity condition, and will be clues to improve the disease management by humidity control.

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Identity of barley powdery mildew resistances Bw and Ru2

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/60/2012-cjgpb ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 185-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Dreiseitl

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Blumeria Graminis ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Barley Cultivar ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Barley Line ◽

Barley Powdery Mildew ◽

The Difference

A large number of resistances to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) and their combinations are known in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A similarity of resistance spectra between cultivars carrying the resistance Bw, designated for the winter barley cultivar Borwina, and the near-isogenic spring barley line P15, which carries the resistance Ru2, derived from the landrace Rupee, was found. The objective of this study was to test the difference between resistances Bw and Ru2. Six cultivars were tested, four with Bw and two with Ru2. Testing with 40 isolates showed identical reaction spectra between both groups. Testing of the cultivar Kompolti 4 (Bw) and line P15 (Ru2) with 300 isolates confirmed this result. Thus, the resistances currently designated Bw and Ru2 can be regarded as identical, and are determined by the gene Ml(Ru2). Both Bw and Ru2 should be designated by the earlier code, Ru2.

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HvGCN2 silencing in barley displays enhanced Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei susceptibility

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs171017012o ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 513-520

Author(s):

Ibrahim Ozturk ◽

Figen Ersoy ◽

Mahinur Akkaya

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Blumeria Graminis ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Incompatible Interaction ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Barley Powdery Mildew ◽

Powdery Mildew Disease ◽

Crop Disease

Powdery mildew disease, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), which belongs to the order Erysiphales, is a major crop disease. The general control nondepressible-2 (GCN2) gene of barley was previously found to be overexpressed during the powdery mildew resistance response. Recently, Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 (AtGCN2) was shown to be involved in disease resistance against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. In order to understand the function of Hordeum vulgare GCN2 (HvGCN2) in the barley powdery mildew resistance response, this gene was silenced by barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), mediated by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). This is the first study showing the potential importance of HvGCN2 in powdery mildew disease of barley. Based on our observations, when HvGCN2 was silenced on average by 53.5%, Bgh development was increased by 18.7 to 32.1%, which was determined by primary, secondary and longest hyphae measurements. The number of germinated spores also increased 2.8-fold in HvGCN2 silenced plants compared to control plants (BSMV:00). On the other hand, under the resistant condition, no difference was observed in HvGCN2- silenced plants compared to non-silenced lines although the gene was found to be overexpressed in incompatible interaction.

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Mlo Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) in Barley Landraces Collected in Yemen

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1582

Author(s):

Jerzy H. Czembor ◽

Elżbieta Czembor

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Blumeria Graminis ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Single Plant ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Barley Powdery Mildew ◽

Barley Landraces ◽

Avirulent Isolate

Barley (Hordeumvulgare L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Powdery mildew on barley, which is caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, occurs world-wide and can result in severe yield loss. Thousands of barley accessions are stored in national gene banks, and their characterization for breeding purposes is needed. This study was conducted to determine the resistance to powdery mildew in 33 barley landraces from Yemen, which were obtained from the ICARDA gene bank. Twenty differential isolates of barley powdery mildew were used. Nine single plant lines were selected from five landraces, based on tests that were performed with 30 plants per landrace, after inoculation with the most avirulent isolate of barley powdery mildew available. Two of these landraces originated from the Al Bayda province in Yemen, and three others originated from Dhamar, Sanaa, and Taizz, respectively. Next, single plant lines were tested using a set of 20 differential isolates of powdery mildew. Two lines that were selected from landrace from the Al Bayda province in Yemen, showed disease reaction designated as 0(4), which is specific for the presence of Mlo resistance. The new source of highly effective Mlo powdery mildew resistance that is described in this study could be used in barley breeding programs.

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