scholarly journals Selections from barley landrace collected in Libya as new sources of effective resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Czembor ◽  
H.J. Czembor
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Landrace ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei occurs worldwide and can result in severe yield loss. Because agronomical methods to control the disease are not completely effective, cultivars with genetic resistance are needed. Therefore, there is a need to describe new sources of genes that confer resistance to barley powdery mildew. This study was conducted to determine the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in three selections 995-1-1, 995-1-2, 995-1-3 from barley landrace 995 (ICB 112840) collected in Al Aziziyah district, Tripolitania, Libya. Landrace originated from InternationalCenter for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas – ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. To determine the number of genes, the types of genes action and the gene loci in tested lines two types of crosses were made: (1) the lines were crossed to the susceptible cultivar Pallas, (2) the lines were crossed with Pallas isoline P22 carrying gene mlo5. The parents and progeny F2 were evaluated with isolate R303.1 for the powdery mildew resistance. Based on segregation ratios we found that resistance in these three selections was determined by a single recessive gene allelic to the Mlo locus occurring in Pallas isoline P22. In addition tested lines showed resistance reaction type 0(4) characteristic only for genes mlo. The value of new identified sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance to breeding programs and barley production is discussed.

scholarly journals HvGCN2 silencing in barley displays enhanced Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei susceptibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ozturk ◽  
Figen Ersoy ◽  
Mahinur Akkaya
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Incompatible Interaction ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Crop Disease

Powdery mildew disease, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), which belongs to the order Erysiphales, is a major crop disease. The general control nondepressible-2 (GCN2) gene of barley was previously found to be overexpressed during the powdery mildew resistance response. Recently, Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 (AtGCN2) was shown to be involved in disease resistance against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. In order to understand the function of Hordeum vulgare GCN2 (HvGCN2) in the barley powdery mildew resistance response, this gene was silenced by barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), mediated by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). This is the first study showing the potential importance of HvGCN2 in powdery mildew disease of barley. Based on our observations, when HvGCN2 was silenced on average by 53.5%, Bgh development was increased by 18.7 to 32.1%, which was determined by primary, secondary and longest hyphae measurements. The number of germinated spores also increased 2.8-fold in HvGCN2 silenced plants compared to control plants (BSMV:00). On the other hand, under the resistant condition, no difference was observed in HvGCN2- silenced plants compared to non-silenced lines although the gene was found to be overexpressed in incompatible interaction.

scholarly journals Dissimilarity of barley powdery mildew resistances Lomerit and Heils Hanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Isolate ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Old Japanese

  The resistance Heils Hanna (HH) was postulated in several tens of 471 previously tested winter barley cultivars. In this paper, new tests on 29 of these cultivars are reported. Thirty-two reference isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei held in the pathogen genebank at the Agricultural Research Institute in Kromeriz, Ltd. including a Japanese isolate and five Israeli isolates were used for response tests. However, the resistance HH conferred by the gene Mla8 and herein characterised by reaction type 0 to an old Japanese isolate known as Race I was now postulated only in four cultivars. In the other 25 cultivars another resistance, characterised by reaction type 0 to Race I and also to two Israeli isolates, was detected. In addition to the two mentioned resistances, eight known (Bw, Dr2, Ha, IM9, Ln, Lv, Ra and Sp) resistances were found in the set examined. Lomerit was the only registered cultivar tested here in which the newly detected resistance was present alone, therefore, it is recommended that this resistance be designated Lo.

scholarly journals Identification of a New Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene pmDHT at or Closely Linked to the Pm5 Locus in the Chinese Wheat Landrace Dahongtou

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 2645-2651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmin Qie ◽  
Yuan Sheng ◽  
Hongxing Xu ◽  
Yuli Jin ◽  
Feifei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Wheat Landrace ◽  
Allelism Tests ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Chinese Wheat

Chinese wheat landrace Dahongtou was resistant to 35 of 38 tested Chinese isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis of the F2 populations and their derived F2:3 families of crosses of Dahongtou with the susceptible varieties Mingxian 169 and Huixianhong indicated that the resistance of Dahongtou to B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09 was conferred by a single recessive gene, tentatively designated as pmDHT. The gene was mapped to chromosome arm 7BL and flanked by markers Xwmc526/XBE443877 and Xgwm611/Xwmc511 at genetic distances of 0.8 and 0.3 cM, respectively. The chromosomal position of pmDHT was similar to the multi-allelic Pm5 locus on 7BL. Allelism tests with crosses of Dahongtou with Fuzhuang 30 (Pm5e) and Xiaobaidong (mlxbd) indicated that pmDHT was allelic to both Pm5e and mlxbd. However, pmDHT showed a different pattern of resistance to the 38 B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates compared with wheat lines with Pm5a, Pm5b, Pm5e, mlxbd, and PmHYM and also differed from PmSGA. Thus, pmDHT was identified most likely as a new allele or at least a closely linked gene of the Pm5 locus. This gene can be transferred into susceptible wheat cultivars/lines and pyramided with other resistance genes through marker-assisted selection to improve powdery mildew resistance.

scholarly journals 089 Inheritance of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 404A-404
Author(s):  
James W. Olmstead ◽  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Gary G. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Most sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars grown commercially in the Pacific Northwest U.S. are susceptible to powdery mildew caused by the fungus Podosphaera clandestina (Wall.:Fr.) Lev. The disease is prevalent in the irrigated arid region east of the Cascade Mountains in Washington State. Little is known about genetic resistance to powdery mildew in sweet cherry, although a selection (`PMR-1') was identified at the Washington State Unive. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center that exhibits apparent foliar immunity to the disease. The objective of this research was to characterize the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance from `PMR-1'. Reciprocal crosses between `PMR-1' and three high-quality, widely-grown susceptible cultivars (`Bing', `Rainier', and ëVaní) were made to generate segregating progenies for determining the mode of inheritance of `PMR-1' resistance. Progenies were screened for susceptibility to powdery mildew colonization using a laboratory leaf disk assay. Assay results were verified by natural spread of powdery mildew among the progeny seedlings in a greenhouse and later by placement among infected trees in a cherry orchard. Progenies from these crosses were not significantly different (P > 0.05) when tested for a 1:1 resistant to susceptible segregation ratio, indicating that `PMR-1' resistance is conferred by a single gene, which we propose to designate as PMR-1.

scholarly journals Powdery mildew resistance of barley accessions from Dagestan

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-533
Author(s):  
R. A. Abdullaev ◽  
T. V. Lebedeva ◽  
N. V. Alpatieva ◽  
B. A. Batasheva ◽  
I. N. Anisimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Powdery mildew caused by the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal is one of the most common diseases of barley. Growing resistant varieties can significantly minimize harmful effects of the pathogen. The specificity in the interaction between the fungus and its host plant requires a continuous search for new donors of the resistance trait. The powdery mildew resistance of 264 barley accessions from Dagestan and genetic control of the trait in resistant forms were studied under field and laboratory conditions. Forty-seven barley lines carrying previously identified powdery mildew resistance genes were also examined. During three years, the experimental material was evaluated under severe infection pressure at the Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR (North Caucasus, Derbent). Juvenile resistance against the Northwest (St. Petersburg, Pushkin) pathogen population was evaluated in a climatic chamber. The genetic control of B. graminis resistance in the selected accessions was studied with the application of hybridological and molecular analyses. The level of genetic diversity of Dagestan barley for effective resistance to powdery mildew is very low. Only two accessions, VIR-23787 and VIR-28212, are resistant against B. graminis at both seedling and adult plant stages. The high-level resistance of breeding line VIR-28212 originating from barley landrace VIR-17554 (Ep-80 Abyssinien) from Ethiopia is controlled by the recessive gene mlo11. Accession VIR-17554 is heterogeneous for the studied trait, with the powdery mildew resistant genotypes belonging to two varieties, dupliatrum (an awnless phenotype) and nigrinudum (an awned phenotype). In accession VIR-23787, a recessive resistance gene distinct from the mlo11 allele was identified. This accession is supposed to be protected by a new, effective pathogen resistance gene.

scholarly journals Mapping Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene pmYBL on Chromosome 7B of Chinese Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Landrace Youbailan

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 2411-2417
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Xu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Zhiyong Liu ◽  
Jieru Fan ◽  
Yilin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Chinese Wheat

Chinese wheat landrace Youbailan has excellent resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. In the present study, genetic analysis indicated that a recessive gene, tentatively designated pmYBL, was responsible for the powdery mildew resistance of Youbailan. pmYBL was located in the 695-to-715-Mb genomic region of chromosome 7BL, with 19 gene-linked single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. It was flanked by SNP1-12 and SNP1-2 with genetic distances of 0.6 and 1.8 centimorgans, respectively. The disease reaction patterns of Youbailan and four cultivars (lines) carrying the powdery mildew (Pm) genes located on chromosome arm 7BL indicated that pmYBL may be allelic or closely linked to these genes. All of the SNP markers linked to pmYBL were diagnostic, indicating that these markers will be useful for pyramiding pmYBL using marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Identifying a novel powdery mildew resistance gene in a barley landrace from Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Piechota ◽  
Paweł C. Czembor ◽  
Piotr Słowacki ◽  
Jerzy H. Czembor
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Landrace

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping of a Recessive Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Wheat Cultivar Tian Xuan 45 Using Bulked Segregant Analysis with Polymorphic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Relative Ratio Distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixiang Chao ◽  
Wenwen Su ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Bei Su ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Powdery mildew is a destructive foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Wheat cultivar Tian Xuan 45 exhibits resistance to the highly virulent isolate HY5. Genetic analysis of the F2 and F2:3 populations of a cultivar Ming Xian 169/Tian Xuan 45 cross revealed that the resistance to HY5 was controlled by a single recessive gene, temporarily designated as PmTx45. A Manhattan plot with the relative frequency distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was used to rapidly narrow down the possible chromosomal regions of the associated genes. This microarray-based bulked segregant analysis (BSA) largely improved traditional analytical methods. PmTx45 was located in chromosomal bin 4BL5-0.86-1.00 and was flanked by SNP marker AX-110673642 and intron length polymorphism (ILP) marker ILP-4B01G269900 with genetic distances of 3.0 and 2.6 cM, respectively. Molecular detection in a panel of wheat cultivars using the markers linked to PmTx45 showed that the presence of PmTx45 in commercial wheat cultivars was rare. Resistance spectrum and chromosomal position analyses indicated that PmTx45 may be a novel recessive gene with moderate powdery mildew resistance. This new microarray-based BSA method is feasible and effective and has the potential application for mapping genes in wheat in marker-assisted breeding.

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