scholarly journals HvGCN2 silencing in barley displays enhanced Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei susceptibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ozturk ◽  
Figen Ersoy ◽  
Mahinur Akkaya
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Incompatible Interaction ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Crop Disease

Powdery mildew disease, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), which belongs to the order Erysiphales, is a major crop disease. The general control nondepressible-2 (GCN2) gene of barley was previously found to be overexpressed during the powdery mildew resistance response. Recently, Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 (AtGCN2) was shown to be involved in disease resistance against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. In order to understand the function of Hordeum vulgare GCN2 (HvGCN2) in the barley powdery mildew resistance response, this gene was silenced by barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), mediated by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). This is the first study showing the potential importance of HvGCN2 in powdery mildew disease of barley. Based on our observations, when HvGCN2 was silenced on average by 53.5%, Bgh development was increased by 18.7 to 32.1%, which was determined by primary, secondary and longest hyphae measurements. The number of germinated spores also increased 2.8-fold in HvGCN2 silenced plants compared to control plants (BSMV:00). On the other hand, under the resistant condition, no difference was observed in HvGCN2- silenced plants compared to non-silenced lines although the gene was found to be overexpressed in incompatible interaction.

scholarly journals Selections from barley landrace collected in Libya as new sources of effective resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Czembor ◽  
H.J. Czembor
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Landrace ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei occurs worldwide and can result in severe yield loss. Because agronomical methods to control the disease are not completely effective, cultivars with genetic resistance are needed. Therefore, there is a need to describe new sources of genes that confer resistance to barley powdery mildew. This study was conducted to determine the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in three selections 995-1-1, 995-1-2, 995-1-3 from barley landrace 995 (ICB 112840) collected in Al Aziziyah district, Tripolitania, Libya. Landrace originated from InternationalCenter for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas – ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. To determine the number of genes, the types of genes action and the gene loci in tested lines two types of crosses were made: (1) the lines were crossed to the susceptible cultivar Pallas, (2) the lines were crossed with Pallas isoline P22 carrying gene mlo5. The parents and progeny F2 were evaluated with isolate R303.1 for the powdery mildew resistance. Based on segregation ratios we found that resistance in these three selections was determined by a single recessive gene allelic to the Mlo locus occurring in Pallas isoline P22. In addition tested lines showed resistance reaction type 0(4) characteristic only for genes mlo. The value of new identified sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance to breeding programs and barley production is discussed.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance in a Central American Tomato Accession Is Caused by Loss of Mlo Function

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Bai ◽  
Stefano Pavan ◽  
Zheng Zheng ◽  
Nana F. Zappel ◽  
Anja Reinstädler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Candidate Gene Approach ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Oidium Neolycopersici ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Mildew Resistance

The resistant cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) line LC-95, derived from an accession collected in Ecuador, harbors a natural allele (ol-2) that confers broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance to powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici). As both the genetic and phytopathological characteristics of ol-2–mediated resistance are reminiscent of powdery mildew immunity conferred by loss-of-function mlo alleles in barley and Arabidopsis, we initiated a candidate-gene approach to clone Ol-2. A tomato Mlo gene (SlMlo1) with high sequence-relatedness to barley Mlo and Arabidopsis AtMLO2 mapped to the chromosomal region harboring the Ol-2 locus. Complementation experiments using transgenic tomato lines as well as virus-induced gene silencing assays suggested that loss of SlMlo1 function is responsible for powdery mildew resistance conferred by ol-2. In progeny of a cross between a resistant line bearing ol-2 and the susceptible tomato cultivar Moneymaker, a 19-bp deletion disrupting the SlMlo1 coding region cosegregated with resistance. This polymorphism results in a frameshift and, thus, a truncated nonfunctional SlMlo1 protein. Our findings reveal the second example of a natural mlo mutant that possibly arose post-domestication, suggesting that natural mlo alleles might be evolutionarily short-lived due to fitness costs related to loss of mlo function.

scholarly journals Virus-Induced Gene Silencing-Based Functional Characterization of Genes Associated with Powdery Mildew Resistance in Barley

2005 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 2155-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Hein ◽  
Maria Barciszewska-Pacak ◽  
Katarina Hrubikova ◽  
Sandie Williamson ◽  
Malene Dinesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Mildew Resistance

scholarly journals MILDEW LOCUS O Mutation Does Not Affect Resistance to Grain Infections with Fusarium spp. and Ramularia collo-cygni

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Hofer ◽  
Andrea Linkmeyer ◽  
Katharina Textor ◽  
Ralph Hückelhoven ◽  
Michael Hess
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew

MILDEW LOCUS O defines a major susceptibility gene for powdery mildew, and recessive mlo resistance alleles are widely used in breeding for powdery mildew resistance in spring barley. Barley powdery mildew resistance, which is conferred by mlo genes, is considered to be costly in terms of spontaneous defense reactions and enhanced susceptibility to cell-death-inducing pathogens. We assessed fungal infestation of barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain by measuring fungal DNA after natural infection with Fusarium spp. and Ramularia collo-cygni or after inoculation with Fusarium spp. in the field. Powdery-mildew-resistant mlo5 genotypes did not show enhanced Fusarium spp. or R. collo-cygni DNA content of grain over four consecutive years. Data add to our understanding of pleiotropic effects of mlo-mediated powdery mildew resistance and contributes to the discussion of whether or not application of barley mlo mutations may support pathogenesis of cell-death-inducing fungal pathogens under field conditions.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Eastern Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.) Cultivars to Powdery Mildew

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Lubell ◽  
M.H. Brand ◽  
J.M. Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Physocarpus Opulifolius ◽  
Morning Star

Abstract Powdery mildew disease severity was assessed on ten eastern ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.) cultivars. The green foliage cultivar ‘Nanus’ was resistant to powdery mildew. Among the deep purple foliage cultivars, ‘ Seward’ Summer Wine® exhibited better resistance than ‘Monlo’ Diablo® and was nearly as resistant as ‘Nanus’. ‘Seward’ Summer Wine® is a hybrid between ‘Nanus’ and ‘Monlo’ Diablo® and probably derives its mildew resistance from ‘Nanus’. ‘Monlo’ Diablo® had reasonably good mildew resistance. Yellow foliage cultivars ‘Dart's Gold’, ‘Morning Star’ and ‘Nugget’, which were highly susceptible to powdery mildew, were unattractive due to substantial leaf drop, leaf disfigurement and shoot brooming. ‘Luteus’ exhibited better powdery mildew resistance than the other yellow foliage cultivars. ‘Mindia’ Coppertina® and ‘Center Glow’, two recent purple foliage introductions with orange-copper new foliage, exhibited levels of mildew intermediate between purple and yellow foliage cultivars. These ‘Monlo’ Diablo® × ‘Dart's Gold’ hybrids probably owe their reduced mildew resistance to their ‘Dart's Gold’ lineage.

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Validation of Microsatellite Markers Linked with Tolerance to Powdery Mildew Disease in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Pavithra ◽  
Laxmipreeya Behera ◽  
K.C. Samal
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease

Background: Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is a self-pollinated diploid grain legume (2n=2x=22) crop and has a genome size of 560 Mb. The present study was concentrate to portray the nature and extent of genotypic variation exists among mungbean collections for a range of traits of potential agronomic and adaptive interests. Many diseases affect mungbean, causes the major constraint in the increasing production among which Powdery mildew disease caused by Erisyphepolygoni is economically significant because it reduces photosynthetic activity and physiological changes which results in 20-40 per cent reduction in yield. Some gene-specific marker were analysed and found associated with powdery mildew resistance in mungbean genotypes.Methods: The present investigation was carried out to evaluate thirty-one mungbean genotypes (including four checks) collected from the different parts of India. The genotypes were sown in an incomplete augmented bock design along with four checks varieties. viz. ‘Kamdev’, ‘OBBGG-52’, ‘IPM-02-14’ and ‘IPM-02-3’. All the mungbean genotypes were evaluated for different phenotypic traits and their tolerance to powdery mildew disease at two cropping seasons as well as at two different locations in Odisha. In this investigation, seven molecular markers viz., VrCSSTS1, VrCSSTS2, VrCSSSR3, CEDG191, MB-SSR238, CEDG166, CEDG282 were analysed.Result: SSR marker such as VrCSSSR and VrCSSTS linked with powdery mildew resistance gene were tested in different genotypes with known powdery mildew reaction and the results showed a consistent association of the marker in all the powdery mildew resistant genotypes and absent in all the powdery mildew susceptible genotypes. The results confirmed the validation of these markers with the powdery mildew resistance gene in different genetic backgrounds. Similarly, CEDG191, CEDG166, CEDG282 markers, reported to be linked to powdery mildew resistance, amplified the respective marker fragment of 100 to 300 bp in mungbean genotypes and were polymorphic. The above PCR-based and locus-specific markers could be employed for marker-assisted breeding (MAB) program as well as genotype conservation. These linked markers will boost the efficiency and precision of powdery mildew resistance breeding in mungbean.

Haplotype characterization and markers at the barley Mlo powdery mildew resistance locus as tools for marker-assisted selection

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Tacconi ◽  
V Baldassarre ◽  
N C Collins ◽  
D Bulgarelli ◽  
A M Stanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Almost All

Recessive mlo alleles of the barley Mlo gene confer resistance to almost all known isolates of the powdery mildew fungal pathogen targeting barley (Hordeum vulgare). To characterize haplotypes present in the Mlo chromosomal region of cultivated Mlo and mlo barley genotypes, weconducted a polymorphism search in 3 predicted low-copy sequence regions adjacent to the Mlo gene by examining a sample of 4 Mlo and 3 mlo cultivars. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1 insertion–deletion (indel) were detected, and easy to use PCR-based markers were developed for typing the SNPs. The PCR markers were used to characterize a collection of 46 Mlo and 25 mlo barley cultivars, identifying 3 distinct mlo-11 haplotypes, 1 mlo-9 haplotype, and 4 Mlo haplotypes. We summarized the haplotype and marker information obtained here and in a previous study to help breeders identify strategies for mlo marker-assisted selection. The ability of the markers to identify mlo-resistant genotypes in segregating populations was demonstrated using 2 resistance-characterized F2 populations derived by 3-way crosses.Key words: barley, powdery mildew resistance, mlo, SNPs, marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Mlo Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) in Barley Landraces Collected in Yemen

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1582
Author(s):  
Jerzy H. Czembor ◽  
Elżbieta Czembor
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Avirulent Isolate

Barley (Hordeumvulgare L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Powdery mildew on barley, which is caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, occurs world-wide and can result in severe yield loss. Thousands of barley accessions are stored in national gene banks, and their characterization for breeding purposes is needed. This study was conducted to determine the resistance to powdery mildew in 33 barley landraces from Yemen, which were obtained from the ICARDA gene bank. Twenty differential isolates of barley powdery mildew were used. Nine single plant lines were selected from five landraces, based on tests that were performed with 30 plants per landrace, after inoculation with the most avirulent isolate of barley powdery mildew available. Two of these landraces originated from the Al Bayda province in Yemen, and three others originated from Dhamar, Sanaa, and Taizz, respectively. Next, single plant lines were tested using a set of 20 differential isolates of powdery mildew. Two lines that were selected from landrace from the Al Bayda province in Yemen, showed disease reaction designated as 0(4), which is specific for the presence of Mlo resistance. The new source of highly effective Mlo powdery mildew resistance that is described in this study could be used in barley breeding programs.

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