Relative importance of tree species and genotypic diversity for above- and below ground processes in boreal forest

Impact ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Julia Koricheva ◽  
Sandra Barantal ◽  
Glenn Iason
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Trophic cascades, invasive species and body-size hierarchies interactively modulate climate change responses of ecotonal temperate–boreal forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1605) ◽  
pp. 2955-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee E. Frelich ◽  
Rolf O. Peterson ◽  
Martin Dovčiak ◽  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
John A. Vucetich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
Exotic Earthworms ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Induced Changes

As the climate warms, boreal tree species are expected to be gradually replaced by temperate species within the southern boreal forest. Warming will be accompanied by changes in above- and below-ground consumers: large moose ( Alces alces ) replaced by smaller deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) above-ground, and small detritivores replaced by larger exotic earthworms below-ground. These shifts may induce a cascade of ecological impacts across trophic levels that could alter the boreal to temperate forest transition. Deer are more likely to browse saplings of temperate tree species, and European earthworms favour seedlings of boreal tree species more than temperate species, potentially hindering the ability of temperate tree species to expand northwards. We hypothesize that warming-induced changes in consumers will lead to novel plant communities by changing the filter on plant species success, and that above- and below-ground cascades of trophic interactions will allow boreal tree species to persist during early phases of warming, leading to an abrupt change at a later time. The synthesis of evidence suggests that consumers can modify the climate change-induced transition of ecosystems.

scholarly journals Fertilization and Shading Trials to Promote Pinus nigra Seedlings’ Nursery Growth under the Climate Change Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3563
Author(s):  
Marianthi Tsakaldimi ◽  
Panagiota Giannaki ◽  
Vladan Ivetić ◽  
Nikoleta Kapsali ◽  
Petros Ganatsas
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
High Fertilization

Pinus nigra is one of the most widely used tree species for reforestation within its geographical distribution, as well as being a potential substitute for other tree species in Central Europe under future climate scenarios. P. nigra is transplanted into the field as two-year or three-year old seedlings because of its relatively low growth rate in the nursery. This study investigated the effects of fertilization programs and shading on P. nigra seedlings, aiming to accelerate early growth, and thus to reduce the nursery rearing time. The experiment (a completely randomized block design) was conducted in an open-air nursery by sowing seeds from Grevena, Northern Greece, in Quick pots filled with peat and perlite in a 2:1 ratio. The seedlings were subjected to two levels of fertilization—5 and 10 g L−1 NPK (30-10-10)—and two shading levels: 50% and 70%. At the ends of the first and second nursery growing season, we recorded the seedlings’ above- and below-ground morphology and biomass data. The results show that the application of all of the treatments produced seedlings which met the targeted quality standards for outplanting. However, the combination of a high fertilization rate and low shading level resulted in seedlings of a higher morphological quality, which is often considered to be an indicator for a successful seedling establishment in the field.

scholarly journals Tree species richness increases ecosystem carbon storage in subtropical forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1885) ◽  
pp. 20181240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Stefan Trogisch ◽  
Jin-Sheng He ◽  
Pascal A. Niklaus ◽  
Helge Bruelheide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Subtropical Forests ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Time Periods

Forest ecosystems are an integral component of the global carbon cycle as they take up and release large amounts of C over short time periods (C flux) or accumulate it over longer time periods (C stock). However, there remains uncertainty about whether and in which direction C fluxes and in particular C stocks may differ between forests of high versus low species richness. Based on a comprehensive dataset derived from field-based measurements, we tested the effect of species richness (3–20 tree species) and stand age (22–116 years) on six compartments of above- and below-ground C stocks and four components of C fluxes in subtropical forests in southeast China. Across forest stands, total C stock was 149 ± 12 Mg ha −1 with richness explaining 28.5% and age explaining 29.4% of variation in this measure. Species-rich stands had higher C stocks and fluxes than stands with low richness; and, in addition, old stands had higher C stocks than young ones. Overall, for each additional tree species, the total C stock increased by 6.4%. Our results provide comprehensive evidence for diversity-mediated above- and below-ground C sequestration in species-rich subtropical forests in southeast China. Therefore, afforestation policies in this region and elsewhere should consider a change from the current focus on monocultures to multi-species plantations to increase C fixation and thus slow increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and global warming.

scholarly journals Metagenomic reconstruction of nitrogen and carbon cycling pathways in forest soil: Influence by different hardwood tree species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene N. Kelly ◽  
Geoffrey W. Schwaner ◽  
Jonathan R. Cumming ◽  
Timothy P. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
C And N ◽  
Hardwood Tree

AbstractThe soil microbiome plays an essential role in processing and storage of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), and is influenced by vegetation above-ground through imparted differences in chemistry, structure, mass of plant litter, root physiology, and dominant mycorrhizal associations. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to quantify the abundance and distribution of gene families involved in soil microbial N and C cycling beneath three deciduous hardwood tree species: ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated Quercus rubra (red oak), ECM-associated Castanea dentata (American chestnut), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-associated Prunus serotina (black cherry). Chestnut exhibited the most distinct soil microbiome of the three species, both functionally and taxonomically, with a general suppression of functional genes in the nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate reduction pathways. These changes were related to low inorganic N availability in chestnut stands as soil was modified by poor, low-N litter quality relative to red oak and black cherry soils.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have used field biogeochemical process rates, isotopic tracing, and targeted gene abundance measurements to study the influence of tree species on ecosystem N and C dynamics. However, these approaches do not enable a comprehensive systems-level understanding of the relationship between microbial diversity and metabolism of N and C below-ground. We analyzed microbial metagenomes from soils beneath red oak, American chestnut, and black cherry stands and showed that tree species can mediate the abundance of key microbial genes involved in N and (to a lesser extent) C metabolism pathways in soil. Our results highlight the genetic framework underlying tree species’ control over soil microbial communities, and below-ground C and N metabolism, and may enable land managers to select tree species to maximize C and N storage in soils.

The relative importance of space compared to topography increases from rare to common tree species across latitude

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2520-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Hua Hu ◽  
Daniel J. Johnson ◽  
Xiang-Cheng Mi ◽  
Xu-Gao Wang ◽  
Wan-Hui Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Common Tree

Impact of high daytime air humidity on nutrient uptake and night-time water flux in silver birch, a boreal forest tree species

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2149-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priit Kupper ◽  
Gristin Rohula ◽  
Liina Inno ◽  
Ivika Ostonen ◽  
Arne Sellin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Forest Tree Species

OCCURRENCE OF CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A BOREAL FOREST DAMAGED BY FIRE

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Richardson ◽  
N. J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Habitat Change ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps

AbstractFifteen months after an intense forest fire, the fauna of carabid beetles in burnt and unburnt sites was sampled using pitfall traps to detect the indirect effects of fire on carabids caused by habitat change. Traps were installed in burnt and unburnt sites in which the dominant tree species before the fire was either spruce or aspen. The most commonly caught species was Pterostichus pensylvanicus which was captured more frequently in unburnt sites, but was not affected by dominant tree species; a similar pattern of distribution of captures was found for Carabus taedatus. Harpalus laticeps was captured only in burnt sites. P. lucublandus and Dicaelus sculptilis upioides were most commonly caught in the unburnt aspen site, while Pterostichus adstrictus was most commonly caught in the burnt spruce site.

Understorey–canopy affinities in boreal forest vegetation

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1709-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Carleton ◽  
P. F. Maycock
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Natural Combination

One hundred and ninety-seven boreal forest stands, in a region of Ontario and Quebec south of James Bay, were examined. Tree species were summarized as relative density of each of five stem size classes. These data formed the basis for an exclusive polythetic divisive stand classification into 10 groups. Most of these groups were characterized by a single tree species. The affinity of each of 410 understorey taxa was assessed with respect to each canopy stand group or natural combination of groups. Only 121 understorey taxa showed specificity to the canopy classes identified. This apparent lack of tight overstorey–understorey affinity is discussed in relation to site nutrient status and regeneration following forest fire.

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