Endothelial regeneration in repair from vascular injury and stem cell biology

Professor Teruo Inoue and his collaborators are exploring repair from vascular and myocardial injury in the context of stem cell biology in work that is set to make waves in regenerative medicine. This research involves endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for vascular repair, adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) for angiogenesis and multilineage differentiating stress enduring cell (Muse) cells for myocardial repair. Inoue and his collaborators are also investigating the 'wound repair priming' phenomenon with a view to overcoming the challenge of the inconsistent capacities of angiogenesis due to individual differences in cell quality. The researchers found that the ADRCs (also called adipose-derived stromal fractions: SVFs) obtained from subcutaneous fat after manipulation caused by surgical injury as well as ischaemia showed higher angiogenetic ability. The researchers plan to pharmacologically reproduce wound repair priming in order to facilitate more consistent cell therapy using ADRCs. The team is also exploring other promising functional analysis methods for stem cells, including comprehensive gene analysis using single cell RNA sequence (scRNA seq), which the researchers plan to apply to Muse cells. In addition to Muse cell research targeting myocardial repair, the team will also conduct Muse cell vascular research as they believe that Muse cell treatment holds great promise for the repair of injured-vessel sites. Ultimately, Inoue and his collaborators hope their work will significantly impact medical research and clinical medicine.

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Physical Exercise and Cardiac Repair: The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Boosting Stem Cell Regenerative Biology

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1002

Author(s):

Fabiola Marino ◽

Mariangela Scalise ◽

Eleonora Cianflone ◽

Luca Salerno ◽

Donato Cappetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Heart Function ◽

Stem Cell Biology ◽

Myocardial Repair ◽

Beneficial Effects

Over the years strong evidence has been accumulated showing that aerobic physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on the prevention and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Exercise in healthy subjects fosters physiological remodeling of the adult heart. Concurrently, physical training can significantly slow-down or even reverse the maladaptive pathologic cardiac remodeling in cardiac diseases, improving heart function. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on the heart are still a subject of intensive study. Aerobic activity increases cardiovascular nitric oxide (NO) released mainly through nitric oxidase synthase 3 activity, promoting endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reducing vascular resistance, and lowering blood pressure. On the reverse, an imbalance between increasing free radical production and decreased NO generation characterizes pathologic remodeling, which has been termed the “nitroso-redox imbalance”. Besides these classical evidence on the role of NO in cardiac physiology and pathology, accumulating data show that NO regulate different aspects of stem cell biology, including survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion of pro-regenerative factors. Concurrently, it has been shown that physical exercise generates physiological remodeling while antagonizes pathologic remodeling also by fostering cardiac regeneration, including new cardiomyocyte formation. This review is therefore focused on the possible link between physical exercise, NO, and stem cell biology in the cardiac regenerative/reparative response to physiological or pathological load. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate an exercise-induced cardioprotective phenotype are discussed in regards with myocardial repair and regeneration. Aerobic training can benefit cells implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis and response to damage by NO-mediated pathways that protect stem cells in the hostile environment, enhance their activation and differentiation and, in turn, translate to more efficient myocardial tissue regeneration. Moreover, stem cell preconditioning by and/or local potentiation of NO signaling can be envisioned as promising approaches to improve the post-transplantation stem cell survival and the efficacy of cardiac stem cell therapy.

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Advances and Applications in Stem Cell Biology

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine Education and Research ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Shamoli Bhattacharyya

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Great Promise ◽

Stem Cell Biology ◽

Self Renewal ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Basic Biology

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells have shown great promise as the source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. Present research efforts are directed at isolating these cells from various sources, growing them in vitro and maintaining their pluripotency as well as capacity for self renewal. It is crucial to identify the regulatory molecules which directly or indirectly control the proliferative status or influence the niche microenvironment. The main challenge is to understand the basic biology of the stem cells and manipulate them for further therapeutic applications. Considering their malignant potential, stem cells may be a double edged sword. While the benefits of these cells need to be harnessed judiciously, a significant amount of research is required before embarking on widespread use of this tool for the benefit of humanity. How to cite this article Bhattacharyya S. Advances and Applications in Stem Cell Biology. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(2):75-80.

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Cardioprotective repair through stem cell-based cardiopoiesis

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00713.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 103 (4) ◽

pp. 1438-1440 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Atta Behfar ◽

Andre Terzic

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Stem Cell Biology ◽

Myocardial Repair ◽

Curative Therapy

Ischemic heart disease continues to progress at pandemic levels despite current preventive and therapeutic interventions. Recent advances in stem cell biology have provided the impetus for a paradigm shift in treatment options, potentially transforming palliative care into curative therapy. Although delivery of stem cells in clinical trials has resulted in a modest functional improvement of myocardial performance in the setting of infarction, ongoing efforts at the bench and bedside are taking place to increase stem cell propensity for engraftment and homing into diseased myocardium. The newest opportunity has arisen with the delivery of stem cells guided to execute the cardiac program. Here, we examine the recent application of genomic and proteomic technology to decipher the process of cardiopoiesis and to recruit cardiopoietic stem cells for cardioprotection and safe myocardial repair.

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Stem cell myths

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2006.2009 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 363 (1489) ◽

pp. 9-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tim Magnus ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Graham C Parker ◽

Mahendra S Rao

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Great Promise ◽

Stem Cell Biology ◽

Scientific Approach

Stem cells, although difficult to define, hold great promise as tools for understanding development and as therapeutic agents. However, as with any new field, uncritical enthusiasm can outstrip reality. In this review, we have listed nine common myths that we believe affect our approach to evaluating stem cells for therapy. We suggest that careful consideration needs to be given to each of these issues when evaluating a particular cell for its use in therapy. Data need to be collected and reported for failed as well as successful experiments and a rigorous scientific approach taken to evaluate the undeniable promise of stem cell biology.

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