scholarly journals Identification of serodiscordant couples, their clinical and laboratory characteristics, and vulnerabilities of HIV transmission risk in Northeastern Brazil in the era of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Maíra Gomes Monteiro ◽  
Adriana Farrant Braz ◽  
Kledoaldo Lima ◽  
Heloísa Ramos Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rapid Laboratory

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of HIV serodiscordants couples and their seronegative partners who were candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrPE), and the knowledge about behavioural measures to reduce virus transmission. Methods: The research was performed in Northeastern Brazil, from February 2016 to March 2017. Ninety HIV-positive individuals (Index) and their HIV-serodiscordant partners (n = 17) were submitted for epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory questionnaires, and for rapid laboratory tests for syphilis, hepatitis B and C. Results: High frequencies of HIV-syphilis (34.4%) and HIV-HBV (3.3%) coinfection were detected in the HIV-positive individuals. Three new HIV cases were detected in partners. Most participants in both groups (85.6%, Index; 94.1%, Partners) had an excellent degree of knowledge regarding HIV transmission, although nine seronegative HIV partners with a high risk of HIV infection were identified (53%). HIV-positive individuals had a high frequency of HIV-syphilis co-infection and 10% of them did not use antiretroviral by personal option. Conclusions: Adoption of PrEP and other preventive measures to prevent HIV transmission in serodiscordants couples should be studied and evaluated.

HIV transmission risk behaviours among HIV-positive persons in serodiscordant relationships

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth C Kalichman ◽  
David Rompa ◽  
Webster Luke ◽  
James Austin
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

As many as one in three persons living with HIV-AIDS continue to practise unprotected sexual intercourse and these practices often occur with HIV-negative or unknown HIV serostatus (serodiscordant) partners. The current study examined the rates of HIV transmission risk behaviours in non-regular (e.g. casual) and regular (e.g. steady) serodiscordant relationships. HIV positive men ( n = 269) and women ( n = 114) responded to measures of demographic characteristics, health and mental health status, and sexual behaviours assessed in partner-by-partner interviews. 257 (67%) participants were sexually active in the preceding three months and 182 (71%) of the sexually active persons had engaged in vaginal or anal intercourse with serodiscordant partners. Comparisons of persons with non-regular ( n = 97) and regular ( n = 85) serodiscordant partners showed that overall rates of unprotected and protected intercourse were greater with regular partners than non-regular partners. Disclosure of HIV status to regular and non-regular serodiscordant partners did not appear to influence the pattern of results. Mathematical modelling showed that HIV transmission estimates over a one-year horizon were significantly greater for male regular partners of HIV-positive men than non-regular partners and there was a trend toward greater HIV transmission rates from HIV-positive men to their regular serodiscordant female partners compared to non-regular partners. Results suggest an urgent need for HIV transmission risk reduction interventions for HIV serodiscordant couples, particularly for couples in established, regular relationships.

scholarly journals HIV Transmission Risk Behavior Among HIV-Positive Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1532-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Shuper ◽  
Susan M. Kiene ◽  
Gethwana Mahlase ◽  
Susan MacDonald ◽  
Sarah Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk

scholarly journals Past year and prior incarceration and HIV transmission risk among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in the US

AIDS Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Khan ◽  
Kathleen A. McGinnis ◽  
Christian Grov ◽  
Joy D. Scheidell ◽  
Laura Hawks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

scholarly journals Using developmental evaluation to implement an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) project in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Linda Fogarty ◽  
Abednego Musau ◽  
Mark Kabue ◽  
Daniel Were ◽  
Jane Mutegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Developmental Evaluation ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in lowering HIV transmission risk. The Bill and Melinda Gates-funded Jilinde Project was designed to identify the best ways to introduce and support PrEP services in Kenya for female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and adolescent girls and young women. We chose Developmental Evaluation (DE) as a core project approach because our goal was not just to recruit 20,000 new PrEP users, but to learn how to deliver PrEP effectively to optimally benefit users in a complex, dynamic, resource-limited setting. This paper describes how we incorporated DE into the Jilinde Project, and shares experiences and lessons learned about the value of DE in PrEP service implementation in a real-world situation. With the Ministry of Health, Jilinde developed consensus about the structure and roll-out of PrEP services. The DE evaluator, embedded in Jilinde, designed and implemented the five-step DE methodology—collect, review, reflect, record and act—according to a core set of project guiding principles. The paper describes how we operationalized the five elements, citing findings reported and actions taken reflecting on the data. It summarizes challenges to DE implementation, such as uneven uptake and competing demands, and how we addressed those challenges. Used consistently, DE helped adapt and refine PrEP services, improve service access, reach target audiences and improve continuation rates. The look, feel and yield of our DE efforts evolved over time, increasingly integrated into existing systems and providing deeper and richer understandings, and we learned how to better implement DE in the future. This case study provides practical guidance for using a DE approach in program design. The DE process can be used successfully working with partners on a common complex public health challenge within a dynamic environment in a way that feeds back into and improves programs.

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