Yugoslavia's Autonomous Health Institutions

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Popović ◽  
M. Škribić ◽  
R. Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Health Institutions

Health care in Yugoslavia is provided through a partnership of federal, republic, and local health authorities in collaboration with health insurance funds, sociopolitical and work associations, as well as other associations which represent either the providers or users of health services, or those who shape the development of health policy. The concept of cooperation culminates in a high degree of autonomy for individual health institutions, with self-management characterizing the general pattern of Yugoslav health care delivery. Self-management entails legal, administrative, and fiscal autonomy of the institution, both in its relations with other agencies and within the institution itself, with high levels of self-management within individual departments and sections. Given this diminished role of classical hierarchical organization, the health institution operates with a minimum of legal restraints in responding to the special social interests concerned with health matters. To deal with the institution's external role on the one hand, and its internal cohesion on the other, two organs have been created to serve these respective functions: the council and the management board. Self-management requires planning for several distinct levels: the individual health institution, the local community, and the entire republic. Health services development planning requires cooperation of all pertinent organizations in achieving a “social agreement” on the objectives and priorities of the health services, the resources required, and the specific plans for construction and renovation of health facilities. The principles of the “social agreement” encourage the interest as well as the broad support of citizens and their representatives in the development, implementation, and financing of health protection plans.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on health services utilization in Province-2 of Nepal: a qualitative study among community members and stakeholders

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Raj Singh ◽  
Dev Ram Sunuwar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Shah ◽  
Kshitij Karki ◽  
Lalita Kumari Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Services Utilization ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Services Delivery

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges and threats to the health care system, particularly affecting the effective delivery of essential health services in resource-poor countries such as Nepal. This study aimed to explore community perceptions of COVID-19 and their experiences towards health services utilization during the pandemic in Province-2 of Nepal. Methods The semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted among purposively selected participants (n = 41) from a mix of rural and urban settings in all districts (n = 8) of the Province 2 of Nepal. Virtual interviews were conducted between July and August 2020 in local languages. The data were analyzed using thematic network analysis in NVivo 12 Pro. Results The findings of this research are categorized into four global themes: i) Community and stakeholders’ perceptions towards COVID-19; ii) Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on health services delivery; iii) Community perceptions and experiences of health services during COVID-19; and iv) COVID-19: testing, isolation, and quarantine services. Most participants shared their experience of being worried and anxious about COVID-19 and reported a lack of awareness, misinformation, and stigma as major factors contributing to the spread of COVID-19. Maternity services, immunization, and supply of essential medicine were found to be the most affected areas of health care delivery during the lockdown. Participants reported that the interruptions in health services were mostly due to the closure of health services at local health care facilities, limited affordability, and involvement of private health sectors during the pandemic, fears of COVID-19 transmission among health care workers and within health centers, and disruption of transportation services. In addition, the participants expressed frustrations on poor testing, isolation, and quarantine services related to COVID-19, and poor accountability from the government at all levels towards health services continuation/management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions This study found that essential health services were severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic in all districts of Province-2. It is critical to expand and continue the service coverage, and its quality (even more during pandemics), as well as increase public-private sector engagement to ensure the essential health services are available for the population.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Health Services Utilization in Province-2 of Nepal: A Qualitative Study Among Community Members and Stakeholders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Raj Singh ◽  
Dev Ram Sunuwar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Shah ◽  
Kshitij Karki ◽  
Lalita Kumari Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Services Utilization ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Services Delivery

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is posing unprecedented challenges and threats to the health care system, particularly affecting the effective delivery of essential health services in resource-poor countries such as Nepal. This study aims to explore community perceptions of COVID-19 and their experiences towards health services utilization during the pandemic in Province-2 of Nepal. MethodsThe semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted among purposively selected participants (n=41) from a mix of rural and urban settings in all districts (n =8) in Province 2 of Nepal. Virtual interviews were conducted between July and August 2020 in local languages. The data were analyzed using thematic network analysis in NVivo 12 Pro. ResultsThe findings of this research are categorized into four global themes: i) Community and stakeholders’ perceptions towards COVID-19; ii) Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on health services delivery; iii) Community perceptions and experiences of health services during COVID-19; and, iv) COVID-19: testing, isolation, and quarantine services. Most participants shared their experience of being worried and fearful about COVID-19 and reported a lack of awareness, misinformation, and stigma as major factors contributing to the spread of COVID-19. Maternity services, immunization, and supply of essential medicine were found to be the most affected areas of health care delivery during the lockdown. Participants reported that the interruptions of health services were mostly due to the closure of health services at local health facilities, limited involvement of private health sectors during the pandemic, fears of COVID-19 transmission among health workers and within health centers, and disruption of transportation services. In addition, the participants expressed frustrations on poor testing, isolation, and quarantine services related to COVID-19, and poor accountability from governments at all levels towards health services management during the COVID-19 pandemic. ConclusionsThis study found that essential health services were severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic in all districts of Province-2. It is essential to expand the service coverage and its quality in addition to increasing public-private sector engagement to ensure the essential health services are utilized by the population.

Management and Marketing in Health Institutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andjela Jaksic-Stojanovic ◽  
Marija Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Health Care Market ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
Health Institutions

In the last decades radical changes in the health care market have happened. Customers continuously require a higher level of quality of service and they become more careful and demanding in the decision process, market intelligence is continuously growing, competition and quality of services are dramatically increasing, as well as the external influences of various lobbyists in many parts of the world. Also, it is important to mention the fact that there are many initiatives for change in many branches of health care delivery, as well as many innovative models for providing health services that change the traditional role of healthcare institutions. In these conditions in order to be competitive on the global market and to create satisfied and loyal consumers of health services, health institutions need to introduce a marketing management concept which is completely in accordance with actual trends on the global market as well as needs and demands of services consumers.

COVID 19 and Special Care Dentistry: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1473-1476
Author(s):  
Ashwika Datey ◽  
Soumya Singhai ◽  
Gargi Nimbulkar ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽  
Amit Reche
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Special Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Care Needs

The COVID 19 outbreak has been declared a pandemic by the world health organisation. The healthcare sector was overburdened and overstretched with the number of patient increasing and requiring health services. The worst-hit population always are the people with special needs, whether it is children, pregnant females or the geriatric population. The need for the emergency kind of health services was so inflated that the other special population which required them equally as those patients with the COVID 19 suffered a lot. Dentistry was not an exception, and even that is also one of the important components of the health care delivery system and people requiring oral health care needs were also more. Those undergoing dental treatments would not have completed the treatment, and this would have resulted in various complications. In this situation, some dental emergency guidelines have been released by Centres for Disease Control (CDC) for the urgent dental care those requiring special care dentistry during the COVID 19 pandemic. Children with special care needs were considered more vulnerable to oral diseases; hence priority should have been given to them for dental treatments moreover in the future also more aggressive preventive measures should be taken in order to maintain oral hygiene and prevent many oral diseases. Guardians/caregivers should be made aware and motivated to maintain the oral health of children with special health care needs. This review mainly focuses on the prevention and management of oral diseases in children's with special care needs.

scholarly journals Risk and the Republican National Convention: Application of the Novel COVID-19 Operational Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
David Callaway ◽  
Jeff Runge ◽  
Lucia Mullen ◽  
Lisa Rentz ◽  
Kevin Staley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Convention

Abstract The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization broadly categorize mass gathering events as high risk for amplification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread in a community due to the nature of respiratory diseases and the transmission dynamics. However, various measures and modifications can be put in place to limit or reduce the risk of further spread of COVID-19 for the mass gathering. During this pandemic, the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security produced a risk assessment and mitigation tool for decision-makers to assess SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks that may arise as organizations and businesses hold mass gatherings or increase business operations: The JHU Operational Toolkit for Businesses Considering Reopening or Expanding Operations in COVID-19 (Toolkit). This article describes the deployment of a data-informed, risk-reduction strategy that protects local communities, preserves local health-care capacity, and supports democratic processes through the safe execution of the Republican National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. The successful use of the Toolkit and the lessons learned from this experience are applicable in a wide range of public health settings, including school reopening, expansion of public services, and even resumption of health-care delivery.

Health Care for South Lebanon's Civilian Population Following the June 1982 War

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
T.H. Tulchinsky ◽  
Yakov Adler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
South Lebanon

AbstractFollowing the June 1982 war in South Lebanon, the Israel Ministry of Health sent a medical team to assess health conditions in the area, to assist in the restoration of local health services, and to provide additional medical assistance as needed in public health and specialized medical services. For the approximately 600,000 population of the area, public health sanitary conditions were restored by local authorities, with some external assistance. Sanitation and housing for the refugee camp populations were difficult to solve because of extensive damage in the camps; but United Nations activities, supported by international and Israeli sources, were effective. Epidemic conditions did not occur. Monitoring for specific infectious diseases showed increases not exceeding usual summer conditions. Child nutrition status was satisfactory. Medical needs for specialty services, not available in South Lebanon, were arranged through screening and referral to Israeli hospitals. Renal dialysis needs were met by establishing a dialysis unit using local personnel in a damaged and non-functioning government hospital. Private medical and hospital services, the bulk of health care in the area, functioned except for minor dislocations throughout the war and post-war period. Israeli medical aid, managed by a small multidisciplinary team, was designed to assist and, where necessary, augment rather than replace local health services.

Challenges of Providing Health Care in Complex Emergencies: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hesam Seyedin ◽  
Morteza Rostamian ◽  
Fahimeh Barghi Shirazi ◽  
Haleh Adibi Larijani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Complex Emergencies

Abstract Providing health care in times of complex emergencies (CEs) is one of the most vital needs of people. CEs are situations in which a large part of the population is affected by social unrest, wars, and food shortages. This systematic review study was conducted to identify the challenges of health-care delivery in CEs. We searched terms related to health-care delivery and CEs in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, and Google scholar databases, as well as Persian databases SID and Magiran. The searching keywords included: “Health Care, Complex Crises, War, Humanitarian, Refugees, Displaced Persons, Health Services, and Challenges.” Of 409 records, we selected 6 articles based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) checklist. Studies were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The results show that CEs affect health-care delivery in 4 primary areas: the workforce, infrastructure, information access, and organization of health services. These areas can pose potential threats for health-care providers and planners at times of emergencies. Thus, they should be informed about these challenges to strengthen the health-care system.

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