Improving Equity in Health: A Research Agenda

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Starfield
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Equity In Health ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Rigorous Testing ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adequate Research

Equity in health and health care have become important priorities for the world. If efforts at achieving equity are to have any basis in evidence concerning which strategies are likely to work, a research agenda is necessary. An adequate research agenda requires a knowledge of what the problem is, an understanding of the genesis and correlates of the problem, methods to measure these correlates, and rigorous testing of alternative explanations and interventions. This article presents a working definition of equity in health and health services, a conceptual framework in which to view the various types of influence on health and distribution of health in populations, a summary of evidence on the effects of some of these categories, and a research agenda for guiding efforts to improve knowledge on which to base interventions that enhance the attainment of equity. Because of their relative neglect in the existing literature on equity in health, the special roles of political forces and of primary care as a particularly key element of health services are stressed.

scholarly journals The Comparative Sociology of Legal Doctrine: Thoughts on a Research Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1362-1377
Author(s):  
Christian Boulanger
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Comparative Sociology ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIn the context of the encounter of UK and German socio-legal studies in this issue, this Article develops preliminary thoughts on a research agenda for the comparative interdisciplinary empirical study of legal doctrine. Based on a working definition of doctrine as an institutionally legitimized practice of making statements on the law, it presents an overview of sociological and comparative theorizing about doctrine in Germany, and of the data and methods being used to study it, in order to identify similar or diverging trends in the UK and elsewhere. This Article aims to show that legal doctrine, which is often regarded by non-lawyers as arcane and/or tedious, is an interesting and important subject for comparative socio-legal research.

Revolution or 30-year fad? A role for I-O psychology in Lean management

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. Balzer ◽  
Michelle H. Brodke ◽  
Christopher Kluse ◽  
Michael J. Zickar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Organizational Theory ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Lean Management ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractLean management and related ideas have had a significant impact on organizations throughout North America and the world. Despite its popularity and impact, I-O psychologists have largely neglected Lean as a research topic and few I-O psychologists engage in applied practice in the area. In this focal article, we provide a working definition of Lean and present examples of Lean’s influence. Next, we outline possible reasons to explain I-O psychologists’ indifference to Lean. Finally, we provide some topic areas that I-O psychologists can use to contribute to the Lean literature. By using I-O psychologists’ skill in measurement and evaluation, along with our considerable organizational theory, we believe that I-O psychology can improve Lean and broaden their impact. We hope this focal article will inspire I-O psychologists to reconsider a research and practice area that they have previously ignored. In addition, we hope that this article causes I-O psychologists to reflect on their role to play in addressing popular management trends.

scholarly journals Durkheimov teorijsko-metodologijski pristup religiji

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Oštarić
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Moral Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Main Ideas

In this paper the author tries to examine the main ideas of Emile Durkeim's sociology of religion. Special attention is paid to the problem of the initial definition of religion, as one of the paramount presumption within the sociological survey of the religious phenomenon. In this regard, the paper is divided into three sections: in the first part, the author deals with Durkheim's theoretical and methodological frame within which he will start to define the elemental forms of religion: in the second part, it take into consideration the so-called 'working definition of religion'; and finally, in die third part, it analyses the formal and the substantive elements of the final definition of religion. The final definiton comprises two related elements, one substantive, the other functional. The substantive element asserted that religion involved a perception of the world in terms of the distinction between the sacred and the profane. The second element asserted that religion functioned to create moral community in society.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ РАКУРСИ ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ТА АНАЛІЗУ ПОНЯТТЯ "РЕЛІГІЙНА ДИСКУРСИВНА ОСОБИСТІСТЬ"

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Наталія Савелюк
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Individual ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Religious Image

У статті обґрунтовується поняття "релігійної дискурсивної особистості" через послідовний теоретичний аналіз трьох основних його семантичних складників – "релігійності", "особистості", "дискурсу" та виокремлення їх психологічних аспектів. Зокрема, пропонується робоче визначення дискурсу із зазначеними аспектами: з одного боку, когнітивно-мовленнєвої активності у конкретній соціально-комунікативній ситуації, що передбачає рецепцію, передавання та/або творення (співтворення) певних текстів у певному їх контексті; з іншого боку – процесу і результату мотиваційно-смислового вибору (сукупності таких виборів) кожного його суб’єкта у поточній життєвій ситуації. На основі проведеного теоретичного аналізу й узагальнення його результатів релігійна дискурсивна особистість розглядається як людина, котра вірить у Бога або, щонайменше, внутрішньо приймає ідею Його буття і відповідним чином розуміє (як реципієнт) та/або конструює (як автор) релігійні дискурси, а вже через них – і саму себе, весь навколишній світ чи окремі його складники. Обґрунтовується, що релігійна дискурсивна особистість – це не просто носій колективного релігійного досвіду, зокрема в етно-національних його форматах (як мовна особистість), а активний індивідуальний співАвтор, що динамічно відтворює, конструює і презентує власну мовно-релігійну картину світу. In the article the concept of a "religious discursive personality" through consistent theoretical analysis of its three main semantic components ("religiosity", "personality", "discourse") is substantiated and their psychological aspects are singled out. In particular, the author proposes a working definition of discourse through distinguishing the following aspects: on one hand, a cognitive-verbal activity in a particular social and communicative situation, involving the reception, transferring and / or creation (co-creation) of certain texts in their particular context; and on the other hand, the process and result of motivational-semantic choice (the set of such choices) of each individual in the current life situation. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and the generalization of its results a religious discursive personality is considered to be a person who believes in God, or at least inwardly accepts the idea of his entity and properly comprehends (as a recipient) and / or constructs (as an author) various religious discourses, and through them a person comprehends himself/herself, the surrounding world or some of its components. It is substantiated that a religious discursive personality is not just the one that has a collective religious experience, in particular in its ethno-national spheres (as a linguistic personality does), but it is treated as an active individual co-author, that dynamically recreates, constructs and represents his/her own linguistic and religious image of the world.

scholarly journals Mala Bizta Sochal Klu: underground, alternative and commercial in Havana hip hop

Popular Music ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Baker
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Music Scenes ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe terms underground, alternative and commercial are widely used in discussions of popular music scenes in Havana and around the world. In Cuba, the words alternative and underground are often used interchangeably, in critical as well as popular discourse. I propose a working definition of, and a distinction between, these terms in Havana, since to render them synonymous reduces their usefulness. The distinction between underground and commercial, in contrast, is widely seen as self-evident, by critics as well as by fans. However, a simplistic dichotomy glosses over the interpenetration of these terms, which are of limited use as analytical categories. This discussion of terminology is grounded in an analysis of the politics of style in Havana hip hop.

scholarly journals “The First Rule of Gunfighting is Have a Gun”: Technologies of Concealed Carry in Gun Culture 2.0

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Gun Carrying ◽  
The World ◽  
Concealed Carry ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gun Culture

American gun culture has undergone a profound change over the past half century, from a culture rooted in hunting and recreational shooting to one centered on armed citizenship and personal defense. As shorthand, I describe this as an evolution from Gun Culture 1.0 to Gun Culture 2.0. In this paper, I begin by giving a brief history of the rise of Gun Culture 2.0. I then propose a cultural approach to studying gun culture, based on a working definition of culture that emphasizes the ways in which culture helps us to understand the world by defining problems and prospects and helps us to act in the world by suggesting recipes and providing tools for action in relation to those problems and prospects. Here, objects of material culture like guns and gun-related accessories play an important role. Far from being static entities, in addressing the problems associated with carrying concealed weapons in everyday life, these technologies respond to and facilitate the cultural practice of gun carrying which is central to Gun Culture 2.0. I apply this cultural approach to studying gun culture using ethnographic observation of a Concealed Carry Expo to explore some of the many technologies that have been developed to help those who want to be armed citizens reconcile the competing demands of carrying a concealed handgun in public. These material culture technologies include guns and holsters, as well as products designed to address women’s specific carry needs.

Apocalyptic Religion and Violence

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamel Velji
Keyword(s):  
Religious Violence ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
The World ◽  
Absolute Good ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Important Constituent ◽  
Dualistic Thinking

This chapter offers a working definition of the apocalyptic, followed by some of the apocalyptic's most important constituent components. Then, it concentrates on associations between these components and violence, illuminating how structures of the apocalyptic can be deployed to serve violent ends. Apocalyptic texts and movements alike demonstrate a tendency to split the world and its contents into absolute good and absolute evil. Dualistic thinking has been noted by many scholars as a quintessential element of religious violence. Furthermore, the chapter examines three interrelated processes connected to duality that aid in the transformation of apocalyptic thinking into violence against others. Apocalyptic duality is deepened through a sense of temporality that envisions all of time having led up to the unique moment in history in which only the elect exclusively possess the truth. Duality and utopia coalesce as motive forces for foreign intervention to “free” those who are “oppressed.”

scholarly journals Resistance through Female Bonding in Tehmina Durrani's Blasphemy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Mukti Nath Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Social Setting ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Female Bonding ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The present research article analyses the suffering of women and their resistance against oppressive Islamic patriarchy through female bonding in Tehmina Durrani’s Blasphemy. In doing so, it offers the working definition of the term “feminism” as a tool of inquiry. It mainly focuses on the suffering of Heer, the protagonist of the novel, due to her loveless marriage with Pir Sain. It exposes the easy distortion of Islam by so-called hypocritical religious leaders like Pir Sain. The suffering of Heer and other female characters in the novel reveal the problems in the cultural and social setting of the Islamic culture and religion. Heer is repeatedly beaten, raped and humiliated by her abusive husband Pir. Pir forces her to live in the world that he has constructed for her. Her marriage with Pir utterly fails as it turns out to be a source of trouble and repression of her self-satisfaction. When she fails to tolerate severe torture and domestic violence, she decides to revolt against it. This paper concludes that Heer is able to resist sexual abuse and exploitation through female bonding. In doing so, she is able to assert her female selfhood.

scholarly journals Desire and Craving ratings vary significantly for healthy alcohol consumers: Differences in semantic interpretation?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope Peterson ◽  
Laura Veach ◽  
Sean L Simpson ◽  
Jason Fanning ◽  
Paul J Laurienti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

Craving is a central concept in alcohol, and other substance, research. Beginning in 1955 the World Health Organization outlined a working definition of the term to be used in research and clinical settings. However, the semantic interpretation of craving as a concept is not widely agreed upon. Since the publication of this first craving definition, a handful of studies have been conducted to investigate differences in operational definitions of craving, and have demonstrated a lack of agreement between studies and across research subjects. With this background as evidence, our research group investigated, when left to their own semantic understanding of the terms, if regular alcohol consumers would rate craving for alcohol and desire for alcohol in similar ways using related descriptors. Thirty-nine healthy, non-binging regular alcohol consumers were studied across periods of their typical alcohol consumption and imposed alcohol abstinence, collecting ratings of desire and craving for alcohol approximately every two hours across the two experimental periods, and during neutral and alcohol related imagery viewing. Among these non-binging regular drinkers, ratings of desire and craving for alcohol are consistently different while drinking according to a persons typical routine or abstaining, throughout the day, and when viewing alcohol cue imagery.

A Working Definition of Mind

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Farr
Keyword(s):  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of
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