scholarly journals Durkheimov teorijsko-metodologijski pristup religiji

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Oštarić
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Moral Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Main Ideas

In this paper the author tries to examine the main ideas of Emile Durkeim's sociology of religion. Special attention is paid to the problem of the initial definition of religion, as one of the paramount presumption within the sociological survey of the religious phenomenon. In this regard, the paper is divided into three sections: in the first part, the author deals with Durkheim's theoretical and methodological frame within which he will start to define the elemental forms of religion: in the second part, it take into consideration the so-called 'working definition of religion'; and finally, in die third part, it analyses the formal and the substantive elements of the final definition of religion. The final definiton comprises two related elements, one substantive, the other functional. The substantive element asserted that religion involved a perception of the world in terms of the distinction between the sacred and the profane. The second element asserted that religion functioned to create moral community in society.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ РАКУРСИ ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ТА АНАЛІЗУ ПОНЯТТЯ "РЕЛІГІЙНА ДИСКУРСИВНА ОСОБИСТІСТЬ"

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Наталія Савелюк
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Individual ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Religious Image

У статті обґрунтовується поняття "релігійної дискурсивної особистості" через послідовний теоретичний аналіз трьох основних його семантичних складників – "релігійності", "особистості", "дискурсу" та виокремлення їх психологічних аспектів. Зокрема, пропонується робоче визначення дискурсу із зазначеними аспектами: з одного боку, когнітивно-мовленнєвої активності у конкретній соціально-комунікативній ситуації, що передбачає рецепцію, передавання та/або творення (співтворення) певних текстів у певному їх контексті; з іншого боку – процесу і результату мотиваційно-смислового вибору (сукупності таких виборів) кожного його суб’єкта у поточній життєвій ситуації. На основі проведеного теоретичного аналізу й узагальнення його результатів релігійна дискурсивна особистість розглядається як людина, котра вірить у Бога або, щонайменше, внутрішньо приймає ідею Його буття і відповідним чином розуміє (як реципієнт) та/або конструює (як автор) релігійні дискурси, а вже через них – і саму себе, весь навколишній світ чи окремі його складники. Обґрунтовується, що релігійна дискурсивна особистість – це не просто носій колективного релігійного досвіду, зокрема в етно-національних його форматах (як мовна особистість), а активний індивідуальний співАвтор, що динамічно відтворює, конструює і презентує власну мовно-релігійну картину світу. In the article the concept of a "religious discursive personality" through consistent theoretical analysis of its three main semantic components ("religiosity", "personality", "discourse") is substantiated and their psychological aspects are singled out. In particular, the author proposes a working definition of discourse through distinguishing the following aspects: on one hand, a cognitive-verbal activity in a particular social and communicative situation, involving the reception, transferring and / or creation (co-creation) of certain texts in their particular context; and on the other hand, the process and result of motivational-semantic choice (the set of such choices) of each individual in the current life situation. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and the generalization of its results a religious discursive personality is considered to be a person who believes in God, or at least inwardly accepts the idea of his entity and properly comprehends (as a recipient) and / or constructs (as an author) various religious discourses, and through them a person comprehends himself/herself, the surrounding world or some of its components. It is substantiated that a religious discursive personality is not just the one that has a collective religious experience, in particular in its ethno-national spheres (as a linguistic personality does), but it is treated as an active individual co-author, that dynamically recreates, constructs and represents his/her own linguistic and religious image of the world.

Misconceptions of Metrology and Calibration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Herrmann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

In today’s world of manufacturing, R&D, and testing across diverse industries, the definition of Metrology and calibration has taken on new meanings, whether it is right or wrong. With the evolving requirements for defining traceability, which is impacted through ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 as well as the NIST’s definition of Metrological Traceability, we must step back and truly understand what the differences are between these 2 terms. In this paper, we will evaluate the definitions of Metrology and calibration. We will also look at the importance of each and how one affects the other. While both terms are important, as liaisons within the Science of Measurement, we need to be able to articulate the differences between both terms to assist in bringing the representatives working in various industries to a clear understanding of how calibration is an action within the world of Metrology.

What Social Identities Can Tell Us about Violence in Social Movements, and Vice Versa

Contention ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consequences Of Violence ◽  
Blind Spots

AK Thompson’s “Ten Theses” is a timely and compelling piece. It challenges collective action scholars to address the nature, bases, and consequences of violence and physical force in a manner that does not position these as anomalous or outside the bounds of “normal” or “normative” action (a tendency that sees violence and physical force more regularly addressed on the other side of soft academic borders, such as that separating social movement and protest scholars from scholars of “terrorism”). I want to address this challenge here by reflecting on what my “home” discipline of social psychology can offer in terms of insights, and (more importantly) what blind spots and limitations remain. For convenience, I adopt a rather conventional and narrow working definition of “violence” as involving physical force, rather than a broader (but equally valid) definition that encompasses any act (including speech) that can cause hurt or harm.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samy Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Peace Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Israeli Society ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sociological Variable ◽  
Peace Camp

This introduction raises two fundamental questions: the first one tries to give a definition of what a peace camp is. What we call “the peace movement” in Israel is, in fact, an indistinct galaxy, a world that subdivides into a multitude of organizations and individuals, some highly prominent, and others completely unknown. It is a complex realm, crisscrossed by multiple currents that are often at variance with one another. It resembles no other peace movement in the world. Four main tendencies can be distinguished within this heterogeneous movement in Israel. The second question is that of the decline in the movement's capacity to organize mass demonstrations. Some argue that it is a result of a host of sociological changes that have come about in Israeli society. But the weight of sociological factors is secondary to emotional factors. The feeling of fear inspired by the Palestinians, the lack of confidence in the “other” that a great majority of Israelis refuse to consider a “partner for peace” weighs far more heavily than any sociological variable. This is one of the book's central arguments.

Judaism's Eternal Triangle

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
Raphael Loewe
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Law Of Return

Twenty years ago I attempted to clarify thinking about Judaism in proposing a more refined terminology which, if properly used, would eliminate the all too frequent fallacies of equivocation by which discussion is bedevilled (‘Defining Judaism:Some Ground-Clearing’, Jewish Journal of Sociology, VII, 2, 1965, pp. 153–75). It is not my purpose here simply to exhume that article: on the other hand, I do not feel that I can usefully begin again ab initio, since the situation has not been radically transformed as it had been in the thirty years preceding 1965. The two decades since and including the Six Days War have witnessed much entrenchment of position, intensification of doctrinaire assertion, and heightening of enthusiasm, but little inclination (until the Lebanon War began to stimulate it in Israel) towards questioning what have become popularly accepted axioms:and it is still the case that anyone who dares to question the assumption that Israeli national sovereignty now is, and for all time will remain, a sine qua non for the survival of Judaism will not get much of a hearing. What I intend here is to reconsider my earlier findings from the angles of belief, authority, and peoplehood, particularly since I feel that the last-mentioned had perhaps been allowed inadequate weight in my previous endeavour. I consequently repeat here, for convenience of reference, the terminological distinctions proposed in that article, together with the tentative working definition of Judaism with which it concluded. I doubt its usefulness, save from a negative standpoint, i.e. what it excludes. But if we are to consider peoplehood, we need to know who, and what, is a Jew: and the only uniquely valid definition of a Jew that satisfies me is a transmitter of Judaism. The question seems to me otherwise meaningless without some terms of reference, e.g. who is a Jew for purposes of joining synagogue X, or speaking for Anglo-Jewry or world Jewry at forum Y, or qualifying for Israeli citizenship under the law of return, etc. Here, then, is my tentative formula:

The Technocene or Technology as (Neo)Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Cera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Conditio Humana ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract: While putting forward the proposal of a “philosophy of technology in the nominative case,” grounded on the concept of Neoenvironmentality, this paper intends to argue that the best definition of our current age is not “Anthropocene.” Rather, it is “Technocene,” since technology represents here and now the real “subject of history” and of (a de-natured) nature, i.e. the (neo)environment where man has to live.This proposal culminates in a new definition of man’s humanity and of technology. Switching from natura hominis to conditio humana, the peculiarity of man can be defined on the basis of an anthropic perimeter, the core of which consists of man’s worldhood: man is that being that has a world (Welt), while animal has a mere environment (Umwelt). Both man’s worldhood and animal’s environmentality are derived from a pathic premise, namely the fundamental moods (Grundstimmungen) that refer them to their respective findingness (Befindlichkeit).From this anthropological premise, technology emerges as the oikos of contemporary humanity. Technology becomes the current form of the world – and so gives birth to a Technocene – insofar as it introduces in any human context its ratio operandi and so assimilates man to an animal condition, i.e. an environmental one. Technocene corresponds on the one side to the emergence of technology as (Neo)environment and on the other to the feralization of man. The spirit of Technocene turns out to be the complete redefinition of the anthropic perimeter.While providing a non-ideological characterization of the current age, this paper proposes the strategy of an ‘anthropological conservatism,’ that is to say a pathic desertion understood as a possible (pre)condition for the beginning of an authentic Anthropocene, i.e. the age of an-at-last-entirely-human-man.

scholarly journals Still Ekphrasis? Visual and Non-Visual Art in Contemporary Anglophone Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Jarosław Hetman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Contemporary Novels ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

<p>The article explores the ancient notion of ekphrasis in an attempt to redefine it and to adjust it to the requirements of the contemporary literary and artistic landscape. An overview of the transformations in the world of art in the 20<sup>th</sup> century allows us to adjust our understanding of what art is today and to examine its existence within the literary context. In light of the above, I postulate a broadening of the definition of ekphrasis so as to include not only painting and sculpture on the one side, and poetry on the other, but also to open it up to less conventional forms of artistic expression, and allow for its use in reference to prose. In order to illustrate its relevance to the novel, I have conducted a study of three contemporary novels – John Banville’s <em>Athena</em>, Kurt Vonnegut’s <em>Bluebeard</em> and Don DeLillo’s <em>Mao II </em>– in order to uncover the innovative ways in which novelists nowadays use ekphrasis to reinvigorate long prose.</p>

scholarly journals Subject Matter and Pre-Requisites for Protection of Non-Conventional Trademark

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Vatsa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trademark Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

We have been gifted with senses other than our eyes, which the non-conventional trademarks aim to employ and have thus gained popularity. These marks have gradually acquired acceptance and have been included under the ambit of trademarks in various countries of the world. Trademark law aims at facilitating profit and strengthening the identity of a business. Non-conventional marks too, perform the same function. The United States has taken a similar approach and has thus provided protection to various such non-conventional marks. India, on the other hand, is yet to take a similar approach. The present law in India disallows the registration of such marks, proving to be a hindrance in their registration, rather than a facilitator. This paper discusses the concept and definition of non-conventional marks, its subject matter and the prerequisites for its registration. By comparing the different approaches to non-conventional trademarks and the procedure for their registration across different countries, this paper aims at suggesting a model suitable for adoption in India.

scholarly journals Late transition in Serbia and (im)possibility to 'enlighten' the Serbian elites

2008 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Milan Tripkovic ◽  
Gordana Tripkovic
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Association ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Mancur Olson ◽  
Late Transition ◽  
Definition Of

The paper presents results of the latest authors' research on elitization criminalization and late transition of Serbian society. Those issues are considered to be the most important obstacle for modernization and for internal and external integration of Serbian society, in other words, they are treated as a key element of Serbia's isolation and its non-adjustment and conflicts with the rest of the world, as well as with itself. In that context, special attention is given to the definition of Serbian society's disintegrative characteristics, and also to recognizing its integrative potentials. Such orientation set the two directions of the research: on one hand, authors tried to define substantial elements of Serbian elites and to determine their crucial role and biggest responsibility in the processes of(dis)integration of Serbian society in the time of late and accelerated transition; and, on the other hand, authors tried to identify conditions under which the elites could become interested in democratization and stabilization of the society, as well as in the institutionalization of 'socially contrived market' (Mancur Olson), which can certainly be considered as the best and most lasting basis of regional association and in?clusion in the so called, 'wider European integrations'. SA U radu su predoceni nalazi najnovijih istrazivanja autora, koji su posveceni problemu elitizacije, kriminalizacije i zakasnele tranzicije srpskog drustva.1 Ti problemi se smatraju jednom od najvaznijih prepreka njegove modernizacije i unutrasnje i spoljasnje integracije, odnosno tretiraju se kao kljucni cinilac izolacije Srbije i njenih ne-prilagodjenosti i sukobljavanja, kako sa svetom, tako i sa samom sobom. U tom kontekstu posebna paznja posvecuje se preciziranju dezintegrativnih obelezja srpskog drustva, kao i prepoznavanju njegovih integrativnih potencijala. Takva orijentacija usmerila je istrazivanje u dva pravca: s jed-ne strane, autori nastoje da definisu sustinska obelezja srpskih elita i da odrede njihovu presudnu ulogu i najvecu odgovornost u procesima (dez)integracije srpskog drustva u doba zakasnele i ubrzane tranzicije; a, s druge strane, pokusavaju da identifikuju uslove pod kojima bi te elite same mogle postati zainteresovane za demokratizaciju i stabilizaciju drustva, kao i za institucionalizaciju 'drustveno ugovorenog trzista' (Mankur Olson), sto se svakako moze smatrati najboljom i najtrajnijom osnovom regionalnog povezivanja i ukljucivanja u tzv. sire evropske integracije.

scholarly journals What Is Paradoxical Lucidity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Jason Karlawish
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ethical Significance

Abstract In this presentation, I provide a conceptual background from which the other symposium speakers can describe detailed methods for investigating paradoxical lucidity (PL) in dementia. First, I outline the clinical and ethical significance of studying PL. Second, I describes how PL is understudied and so difficult to measure. A working definition of PL has been formulated from case reports, but aspects of this definition remain vague. I argue that this vagueness challenges the measurement of PL and the generalizability of study results. I conclude by proposing ways to address these problems.

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