Differences in Background and Drug Use History among Three Types of Drug Users Entering Drug Therapy Programs

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Curtis ◽  
D. Dwayne Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Drug History ◽  
Use Categories

The 26,316 patients who entered drug therapy programs participating in the DARP from June, 1971, to March, 1973, and who had used drugs for at least two years were grouped into three drug use categories: daily users of opioids, less-than-daily users of opioids, and non-users of opioids. Differences were observed among these three groups regarding the first drug used daily and the age at first drug use. A multiple discriminant analysis including demographic, drug history, and personal background variables indicated that the major differences among these types of drug users revolved around ethnic and age-related variables.

Addiction Careers and Criminal Specialization

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Farabee ◽  
Vandana Joshi ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Drug Abuse Treatment ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Criminal Behaviors ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Use Categories

For many drug users, the initiation of drug use and the subsequent transition to an addiction career is accompanied by criminal activities. However, the use of general crime and drug use categories often obscures important features of their relationship. In the present study, data from the national Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies sample of 7,189 clients in substance abuse treatment were analyzed to explore the relationships between several addiction career variables and the likelihood of lifetime participation in predatory, victimless, and nonspecialized criminal behaviors. The order of initiation of addiction and criminal careers was significantly related to participation in certain types of crimes, with those beginning criminal careers after beginning their addiction careers being more likely to engage exclusively in victimless than in predatory crimes. Likewise, dependence on cocaine, heroin, or both, relative to alcohol, was associated with greater criminal diversity but a reduced likelihood of participating specifically in predatory crimes.

scholarly journals Alcohol, drugs and much more in later life

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K Hulse
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Problem Alcohol

Elderly adults are greater consumers of prescription and 'over the counter' medications than any other age group and polypharmacy, including the co-use of alcohol, is common in this group. Age related physiological changes which influence drug concentrations, metabolism, polypharmacy and interaction of other drugs with alcohol can negatively influence functional capacity, psychomotor ability, and cognition, including attention and memory, placing the older person at greater risk of accident, injury, isolation and ultimately institutionalisation. It is argued that DSM-IV criteria used to define "abuse" or "dependence" are of limited value to the majority of elderly 'problem' alcohol or drug users, with ICD-10 criteria that identify those who are experiencing 'a risk' of or where use "is actually" causing "early" harm, more appropriate. Impediments to psychiatrists and other medical practitioners identifying 'problem' alcohol and other drug use, and appropriate assessment and intervention procedures are briefly discussed. The potential for decreasing the incidence and severity of physical and psycho/social events following a reduction or cessation in problem alcohol or other drug use means that assessment and intervention should be one cornerstone of management practice for this often disenfranchised and vulnerable group.

scholarly journals Age and sex estimation using fractal analysis in Brazilian adults: a discriminant analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e240101522726
Author(s):  
Fabrício dos Santos Menezes ◽  
Társilla de Menezes Dinísio ◽  
Thaís Feitosa Leitão de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Maria Braga de Oliveira ◽  
Claudio Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Forensic Investigations ◽  
Age And Sex

This study assessed the accuracy of fractal analysis (FA) to estimate chronological age and sex in Brazilian adults for forensic investigations. The gender-balanced sample comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 individuals, stratified according to age (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years) and sex (female and male). A trained calibrated examiner measured the fractal dimension (FD) of the mandibular ramus and mandibular angle. Linear regression and multiple logistic discriminant analysis were carried out to explore the accuracy of FA. For all analyses, p-values < .05 indicated statistical significance. Overall, mean FD values were 1.49±0.10 for the mandibular ramus and 1.48±0.09 for mandibular angle. Results were more accurate in males than females for discriminating age and sex. The multiple discriminant analysis indicated that FA distinguished sex in 61.7% males and 58.3% females. In addition, the mean difference between actual and predicted value was 9.5 years and 10.1 years for men and women, respectively. Fractal analysis accurately identified sex- and age-related differences in the trabecular pattern of the mandible of Brazilian adults, confirming its utility for forensic investigations. Further studies investigating other populations are needed to assess the accuracy of FA for Forensic Dentistry.

Comparison of Examinees’ and Doctors’ Judgement of Health Status Using Data in an AMHTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Y. Sekita ◽  
T. Ohta ◽  
M. Inoue ◽  
H. Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Subjective Symptom ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Canonical Axis ◽  
Using Data

SummaryJudgements of examinees’ health status by doctors and by the examinees themselves are compared applying multiple discriminant analysis. The doctors’ judgements of the examinees’ health status are studied comparatively using laboratory data and the examinees’ subjective symptom data.This data was obtained in an Automated Multiphasic Health Testing System. We discuss the health conditions which are significant for the judgement of doctors about the examinees. The results show that the explanatory power, when using subjective symptom data, is fair in the case of the doctors’ judgement. We found common variables, such as nervousness, lack of perseverance etc., which form the first canonical axis.

Recreational Prescription Drug Use Among College Students

NASPA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan A Kolek
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Research University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Other Substances

The purpose of this study was to explore recreational prescription drug use among undergraduate students. Although anecdotal accounts on this subject abound, empirical research is extremely limited. Data from a survey of a random sample of 734 students at a large public research university in the Northeast were examined. Results indicate that a substantial proportion of students reported having used prescription drugs for recreational purposes in the year prior to survey administration. Recreational prescription drug use was positively associated with the use of other substances including alcohol. Recreational prescription drug users were also more likely than other drug users to report negative consequences as a result of their drug use. Implications for future research and for student affairs are discussed.

The validity of diagnostic systems for common mental disorders: a comparison between the ID-CATEGO and the DSM-III systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grayson ◽  
Keith Bridges ◽  
Diane Cook ◽  
David Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Initial Scale

SYNOPSISIt is argued that latent trait analysis provides a way of examining the construct validity of diagnostic concepts which are used to categorize common mental illnesses. The present study adds two additional aspects of validity using multiple discriminant analysis applied to two widely used taxonomic systems. Scales of anxiety and depression derived from previous latent trait analyses are applied to individuals reaching criteria for ‘caseness’ on the ID-CATEGO system and the DSM-III system, both at initial diagnosis and six months later. The first multiple discriminant analysis is carried out on the initial scale scores, and the results are interpreted in terms of concurrent validity. The second analysis uses improvement scores on the two scales and relates to predictive validity. It is argued that the ID-CATEGO system provides a better classification for common mental illnesses than the DSM-III system, since it allows a better discrimination to be made between anxiety and depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Illicit Drug Use in Canada and Implications for Suicidal Behaviors, and Household Food Insecurity: Findings from a Large, Nationally Representative Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6425
Author(s):  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Dan Beamish ◽  
Jude Dzevela Kong ◽  
Jianhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background and Aims: Illicit drug use is an ongoing health and social issue in Canada. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of illicit drug use and its implications for suicidal behaviors, and household food insecurity in Canada. Design: Cross-sectional population survey. Setting: Canada, using the 2015–2016 Canadian Community Health Survey, a nationally representative sample selected by stratified multi-stage probability sampling. Participants: A total of 106,850 respondents aged ≥ 12 years who had completed information on illicit drug use. Measurements: Illicit drug use was assessed through a series of questions about illicit drug use methods. Respondents who reported lifetime illicit drug use but no past-year use were considered to have prior illicit drug use. In this survey, illicit drug use included cannabis use. Findings: Overall, the prevalence of lifetime, past-year, and prior illicit drug use was 33.2% (9.8 million), 10.4% (3.1 million), and 22.7% (6.7 million), respectively. In models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, prior illicit drug use was significantly associated with increased odds of past-year suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.40), and plans (1.48, 1.15–1.91), and past-year household food insecurity (1.27, 1.14–1.41), and the odds were much higher among prior injecting drug users than prior non-injecting drug users. No significant correlation was found between prior illicit drug use and past-year suicidal attempts, but there was a strong association between past-year illicit drug use and past-year suicidal attempts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that even after people have stopped taking illicit drugs, prior illicit drug use, especially for prior injecting drug use, continues to be associated with increased risks of subsequent suicidal ideation, and plans, and household food insecurity.

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