The validity of diagnostic systems for common mental disorders: a comparison between the ID-CATEGO and the DSM-III systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grayson ◽  
Keith Bridges ◽  
Diane Cook ◽  
David Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Initial Scale

SYNOPSISIt is argued that latent trait analysis provides a way of examining the construct validity of diagnostic concepts which are used to categorize common mental illnesses. The present study adds two additional aspects of validity using multiple discriminant analysis applied to two widely used taxonomic systems. Scales of anxiety and depression derived from previous latent trait analyses are applied to individuals reaching criteria for ‘caseness’ on the ID-CATEGO system and the DSM-III system, both at initial diagnosis and six months later. The first multiple discriminant analysis is carried out on the initial scale scores, and the results are interpreted in terms of concurrent validity. The second analysis uses improvement scores on the two scales and relates to predictive validity. It is argued that the ID-CATEGO system provides a better classification for common mental illnesses than the DSM-III system, since it allows a better discrimination to be made between anxiety and depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Influence of paroxetine and hydroxyzine hydrochloride therapy on anxiety-depressive disorders and platelet serotonin level in CAD patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-559
Author(s):  
S. N. Kozlova ◽  
A. V. Golubev ◽  
Y. S. Krylova ◽  
E. V. Shlyakhto ◽  
N. G. Neznanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Platelet Serotonin ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective. Open, comparative, randomized study of efficiency, safety and assessment of influence of paroxetine and hydroxyzine hydrochloride therapy on platelet serotonin level in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders were examined. Design and methods. We included 40 patients with chronic CAD and comorbid anxiety-depressive disorders, confirmed according to ICD-10. Patients with score more than 18 by Hamilton’s scale of anxiety and depression were enrolled. Results. We observed significant decrease Hamilton’s scale scores after 4 weeks of treatment, and after 8 weeks of treatment the reduction reached 50 %. Side effects were registered in both groups and quickly passed after the drug withdrawal. Platelet serotonin level decreased significant during paroxetine therapy. Conclusion. Treatment by paroxetine and hydroxyzine hydrochloride was associated with high anti-anxiety and anti-depressive activity. Use of paroxetine was associated with significant reduction of platelet serotonin level.

A latent trait analysis of an inventory designed to detect symptoms of anxiety and depression using an elderly community sample

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mackinnon ◽  
H. Christensen ◽  
A. F. Jorm ◽  
A. S. Henderson ◽  
R. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Trait Analysis ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Third Dimension

SynopsisAn 18-item inventory designed by Goldberget al.(1987) to detect symptoms of anxiety and depression was administered to an elderly general population sample. Latent trait analysis was used to assess the dimensionality of the inventory and the location and discriminatory ability of the symptoms. The items showed different patterns of discrimination in this group compared to the sample of general practice attenders on which the inventory was developed. Overall, the items did define two correlated dimensions of anxiety and depression. In addition, a third dimension of sleep disturbance was detected. Both individual scales and the total symptom scores were sensitive and relatively specific detectors of depressive disorders assessed according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria. The retention of sleep items on their original scales did not affect the sensitivity of the scales to detect depressive disorders. A two-step administration procedure suggested for use in the administration of the scales was investigated but found to be sensitive to differences between the current sample and the sample on which the inventory was developed. This symptom inventory can be recommended for use in epidemiological investigations as a brief, valid and acceptable method of detecting elevated levels of anxiety and depression in elderly persons.

The relationship between symptoms and diagnoses of minor psychiatric disorder in general practice

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Grayson ◽  
K. Bridges ◽  
P. Duncan-Jones ◽  
D. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisIn an earlier paper (Goldberg et al. 1987) 36 common symptoms of minor psychiatric disorder in general practice were analysed using the technique of latent trait analysis. From this analysis two dimensions of illness emerged, corresponding to anxiety and depression. In the present paper, this symptom-based representation of minor psychiatric illness is used as a framework for comparing four diagnostic systems: General Practitioner (GP) diagnoses, the ID-CATEGO diagnostic system, the DSM-III system and the Bedford College diagnostic system. This analysis clarifies the reasons for disagreement among systems of diagnostic criteria and examines the practical effects of alternative diagnostic algorithms.

Comparison of Examinees’ and Doctors’ Judgement of Health Status Using Data in an AMHTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Y. Sekita ◽  
T. Ohta ◽  
M. Inoue ◽  
H. Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Subjective Symptom ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Canonical Axis ◽  
Using Data

SummaryJudgements of examinees’ health status by doctors and by the examinees themselves are compared applying multiple discriminant analysis. The doctors’ judgements of the examinees’ health status are studied comparatively using laboratory data and the examinees’ subjective symptom data.This data was obtained in an Automated Multiphasic Health Testing System. We discuss the health conditions which are significant for the judgement of doctors about the examinees. The results show that the explanatory power, when using subjective symptom data, is fair in the case of the doctors’ judgement. We found common variables, such as nervousness, lack of perseverance etc., which form the first canonical axis.

The Relationship between Life Events and Personality Style to the Development of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders Among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noga Oschry-Bernstein ◽  
Netta Horesh-Reinman ◽  
Adar Avnon ◽  
Tomer Mevorach ◽  
Alan Apter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Early Trauma

Background:: The separateness of anxiety disorder and depressive disorder as two distinct disorders is often questioned. The aim of the current study is to examine whether there is a different profile of life events and personality characteristics for anxiety and depression disorders in adolescents. Methods:: One hundred forty-six adolescents participated in the study, 57 boys and 89 girls, ranging in age from 11-18 years (mean=15.08+1.97). The study group included 92 adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of depression or anxiety, and the comparison group included 54 teenagers with no known psychopathology. Results:: Multinomial logistic regression produced different predictive profiles for anxiety disorder and for depressive disorders. Life event variables, especially minor life events and early traumas, were found to be predictors for depression. Furthermore, interaction was found between early trauma and minor life events in the prediction of depression, such that the existence of trauma weakened the statistical correlation between minor life events and the onset of depression. In addition, contrary to the literature regarding adults, it was found that during adolescence personality variables have a unique contribution as predictive factors for vulnerability to the onset of anxiety and depression, thus reducing the significance of life events. Conclusion:: Our findings suggest that different profile of life events and personality characteristics can be identified for the two disorders. In addition, it appears that early traumas are a dominant factor that overshadows more recent life events at the onset of depression among adolescents.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Depression among Polish High-School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Beata Dziedzic ◽  
Paulina Sarwa ◽  
Ewa Kobos ◽  
Zofia Sienkiewicz ◽  
Anna Idzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction: Having impaired relations and limited interpersonal contact is associated with a sense of loneliness, and can result in a number of mental disorders, including the development of depression. Approximately one in five adolescents in the world suffers from depression, and first episodes of such are occurring at increasingly young ages. Due to a lack of appropriate support from parents, teachers and the healthcare system, the young person feels alone when dealing with their problem. Aims: The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, aggression and sense of loneliness among high school students, and to analyze a correlation between loneliness and depression. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 300 high school students in Poland. The study material was collected using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-M) and De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS). Results: A feeling of loneliness correlated significantly with depressive disorders (p < 0.005), with the strongest effect between the total HADS-M score and the total loneliness scale score (r = 0.61). The overall presence of disorders as per HADS-M was found to be 23%, and borderline conditions were found in 19.3%. In 24% of the students, disorders were revealed on the anxiety subscale and in 46.3% on the aggression subscale. On DJGLS, a very severe sense of loneliness was observed in 6.67% of the subjects, and in 42.3% of them, a moderate feeling of loneliness was indicated. On the social loneliness subscale, a severe sense of loneliness was found in 22.7%, while on the emotional loneliness subscale, it was found in 16.7% of the subjects. Conclusions: In this study, a quarter of the student participants experienced anxiety and depression disorders. Students showing higher levels of anxiety, depression, and aggression also showed enhanced loneliness. Girls showed higher levels of anxiety, depression and aggression, as well as emotional loneliness.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers of Stress, Anxiety and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Sylwia Chojnowska ◽  
Iwona Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek ◽  
Alina Kępka ◽  
Małgorzata Knaś ◽  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
As Stress

Stress, anxiety and depressive disorders are often characterized by the activation of the stress axis, which results in similar symptoms at some point in these disorders. These disorders are closely related to each other—they occur simultaneously or follow one another. The diagnosis of stress, anxiety and depression is not a perfect procedure currently—it is based on patient observation and an interview with the patient and their family. There are no laboratory tests that would dispel the doubts of the doctor making the diagnosis and allow the appropriate treatment to be implemented as soon as possible. Therefore, this study will review the components of saliva that could be helpful in the quick diagnosis of stress, anxiety and/or depression. Such potential salivary biomarkers could also be useful in monitoring the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment prescribed by a psychiatrist. The following are promising salivary biomarkers of stress, anxiety or depression: cortisol, immunoglobulin A (sIgA), lysozyme, melatonin, α-amylase (sAA), chromogranin A (CgA) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). To the best valuable potential salivary markers of stress, we can include cortisol, lysozyme, sAA and CgA. To differentiate depression from stress, salivary cortisol and melatonin can be helpful. Fluctuations in the concentrations of the above-mentioned substances in saliva indicate a particularly strong relationship with typical human psychological problems, such as stress, depression or anxiety.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document