Parental Death and the Adjustment of School-Age Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. William Worden ◽  
Phyllis R. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Parentally Bereaved ◽  
Bereaved Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

Findings on the emotional impact of parental death for dependent children have not been consistent due to serious methodological limitations. The Child Bereavement Study investigated a community-based sample of parentally bereaved children and compared their responses to those from matched non-bereaved controls. Children and their surviving parent were assessed four months, one year, and two years after the death using standardized instrumentation. Most of the difference between the two groups was not obvious until two years after the death. The bereaved showed higher levels of social withdrawal, anxiety, and social problems as well as lower self-esteem and self-efficacy. Although most bereaved children do not show signs of serious emotional/behavioral disturbance, there is a significantly large group of bereaved children who show serious problems at one year (19%) and at two years (21%).

Promoting the Adjustment of Parentally Bereaved Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Childhood Bereavement ◽  
Parentally Bereaved ◽  
Bereaved Children ◽  
Death Of A Parent ◽  
Detrimental Impact

The death of a parent is one of the most stressful life events to encounter during childhood. Given its detrimental impact on psychological development, a better understanding of outcomes associated with childhood bereavement and factors that affect these outcomes is necessary. The adjustment of bereaved children is linked to such factors as age of the child, sex of child and parent, circumstances of parent death, and the adjustment of the surviving caregiver. In this article I highlight considerations that may increase children's positive adjustment to parental death and also discuss specific treatment recommendations.

scholarly journals The Family Bereavement Program: Description of a Theory-based Prevention Program for Parentally-Bereaved Children and Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim S. Ayers ◽  
Sharlene A. Wolchik ◽  
Irwin N. Sandler ◽  
Joan L. Twohey ◽  
Janelle Lutzke Weyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Concurrent Programs ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Parentally Bereaved ◽  
Bereaved Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Program Description ◽  
Future Work

This article describes a preventive intervention to promote resilience of parentally bereaved youth. This intervention includes separate but concurrent programs for youth and caregivers that were developed to change empirically-supported risk and protective factors. We first discuss the risk that parental death confers to youth mental health and social adaptation outcomes. Next, we discuss the theoretical framework underlying this program. After describing the content and structure of the program, we describe the results of an experimental field trial and discuss directions for future work.

LOCUS OF CONTROL AND SELF-ESTEEM AS STRESS-MODERATORS OR STRESS-MEDIATORS IN PARENTALLY BEREAVED CHILDREN

Death Studies ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 619-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHEL A. HAINE ◽  
TIM S. AYERS ◽  
IRWIN N. SANDLER ◽  
SHARLENE A. WOLCHIK ◽  
JANELLE L. WEYER
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Parentally Bereaved ◽  
Bereaved Children ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Stress Mediators ◽  
Parentally Bereaved Children

scholarly journals FOREST FRAGMENTATION AND IMPACTS ON THE BIRD COMMUNITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veridiana Possati Vieira de Matos ◽  
Tatiana Possati Vieira de Matos ◽  
Mauricio Cetra ◽  
Thiago Philipe de Carmargo e Timo ◽  
Roberta Averna Valente
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The study aimed at verifying the patterns of bird community related to different land-use/land-cover. The study area was a Conservation Unit and its buffer area. We used the fixed-point method, visiting 80 points in five times, through one year. The points were plotted in lands agriculture (AGR) and planted forest (FP) and, in areas covered by native forest (NF). The diversity index (H'), abundance (IPA), richness (X2) and categories of species-trophic were calculated, as well as the difference between H' and X2 according to land-use/land-cover was verified by an ANOVA. We also evaluated the taxonomic and functional similarity of the bird community, based in IPA and bird presence/absence. There were significant differences for both X2 and H', comparing NF and FP; NF and AGRP and; AGRP and FP. Concerning the trophic categories, the significant differences were between NF and AGRP and; FP and AGRP, because AGRP is a homogeneous environment with less diversity of resources. Conversely, NF and FP presented similarities as a consequence of the heterogeneity of its structures that subsidize greater avifauna stability than other land-use/land-cover. We conclude that the bird diversity and richness is related to the complexity of the landscape structure.

Patterns of care in Italian psychiatric services and psychosocial outcome of schizophrenic patients. A three-year prospective study

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kemali ◽  
M. Maj ◽  
B. Carpiniello ◽  
R.D. Giurazza ◽  
M. Impagnatiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychosocial Outcome ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Difference

Summary141 patients with an ICD-9 diagnosis of schizophrenic psychosis were followed up prospectively for 3 years in 7 Italian centres, representative of the different degrees of application of the psychiatric reform law (Law 180) passed in 1978. It was agreed that each centre would treat the patients according to its routine, and that all contacts with the patients and each intervention performed would be carefully recorded in an ad hoc schedule. The baseline evaluation of psychosocial adjustment was performed by the Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS), and this assessment was then repeated every 6 months during the follow-up period. At the end of this period, the rating on the DAS section 5 was taken as a global measure of patients’ psychosocial outcome. On a stepwise logistic regression analysis, 2 variables were found to be significantly predictive of psychosocial outcome, that is the use of social and/or vocational skills training (associated with a favourable outcome) and the number of days/year of full hospitalization (associated with a poor outcome). Trieste and Arezzo were the only centres in which a significant improvement of the score on some DAS subscales (namely, “occupational role, interest” and “social withdrawal”) was detected. In the whole patient sample, the difference between the final and the baseline score on these subscales correlated significantly with the number/year of outpatient contacts and of home visits. These findings confirm the favourable impact of the community-oriented care provided in some Italian centres on the Psychosocial outcome of schizophrenic patients.

Working memory and fluid intelligence predict reading comprehension in school‐age children: a one‐year longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Vernucci ◽  
Yesica Aydmune ◽  
María Laura Andrés ◽  
Débora Inés Burin ◽  
Lorena Canet‐Juric
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
One Year

Living Arrangements of Individuals with Schizophrenia in Japan: Impact of Community-Based Mental Health Services

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwao Oshima ◽  
Eri Kuno
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Community Mental Health Services ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
The Difference

Aims: In Japan psychiatric hospitals and family play the predominant roles in caring for people with serious mental illness. This study explored how the introduction of community-based care has changed this situation by examining living arrangements of individuals with schizophrenia who were treated in one of the most progressive systems in Japan (Kawasaki) compared with national norms. Methods: The proportion of clients with schizophrenia in the community versus hospital and living arrangements for those in the community were compared between the Kawasaki and national treated population, using data from the Kawasaki psychiatric service users survey in 1993 and two national surveys in 1993 and 1983. The variation in living arrangements was examined across five different age cohorts. Results: The estimated national population was 36.7, which was similar to 32.7 clients per 10,000 population in Kawasaki. Some 71% of the Kawasaki clients were treated in the community compared with 55% nationally. The difference between the Kawasaki and national populations was the largest among clients aged 40 to 59. The Kawasaki community clients had a higher proportion of clients living alone. Conclusions: The community mental health services available in Kawasaki appeared to reduce hospitalisation and help clients to live alone in the community.

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