Decision-Making and Young People

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Rickett ◽  
Margaret A. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Drug Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Teaching students the skills of making decisions is an integral part of many drug education programs. A series of studies is reported here that looked at the attitudes towards making decisions by several groups of students. Because different age groups perceive making decisions differently we need to take maturational levels into consideration when designing decision-making processes for students.

scholarly journals Eye Placement Bias Is Remarkably Robust

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110175
Author(s):  
Kirsten Smith ◽  
Vera Kempe ◽  
Lara Wood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Drawing Ability ◽  
Potential Confound

When drawing faces, people show a systematic bias of placing the eyes higher up the head than they are placed in reality. This study investigated the development of this phenomenon while removing the potential confound of drawing ability. Participants ( N = 124) in three age groups (3–5 yo, 10–11 yo, and adults) reconstructed two foam faces: one from observation and one from memory. The high eye placement bias was remarkably robust with mean eye placement in every condition significantly higher than the original faces. The same bias was not shown for mouth placement. Eye placement was highest for the youngest participants and for the memory conditions. The results suggest that an eye placement bias is not caused by the motor skill demands required for drawing and lend evidence to the suggestion that an eye placement bias is caused by perceptual and decision-making processes.

‘My mother thought upper secondary school was OK, but then my sibling said no’ - Young People's Perceptions of the Involvement of Parents and Siblings in their Future Choices

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Aaltonen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young People ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
People’S Perceptions

This paper seeks to contribute to the research on the role of the family in the educational decision-making of young people by highlighting two overlooked areas of study: vocational education and the role of siblings. It explores young, mainly working-class Finnish 15- to 17-year-olds’ future expectations and decision-making processes concerning the choice between the academic and vocational tracks by drawing on interviews with the young participants of targeted support programmes and their parents. The aim of the paper is to shed light both on how parents try to influence their children's post-school choices and on young people's perceptions of the influence that parents and older brothers and sisters had on their aspirations towards vocational education. The paper demonstrates how horizons for action and educational choices are influenced by family traditions and advice, but that the pieces of advice dispensed by parents and siblings are not necessarily in congruence with each other. The familial suggestions work as a point of reference which is acknowledged and reflected on in the young people's process of mapping and recognising their own preferences. The paper suggests that while the goals of parents and older siblings would not necessarily be upward mobility, but rather to help young people to make a decent choice within a sector corresponding to their own, it is important to acknowledge their influence as a resource valued by many young people.

Decision-Making

2017 ◽  
pp. 44-67
Author(s):  
Julie Neal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Workforce Education ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The demand for accountability and measurement regarding educational programs in community colleges makes the decision-making process of advisory committees more important than ever. The role of the advisory committee for educational workforce programs is changing, and becoming increasingly necessary, due to legislative actions and consistent changes in the workforce. Business, industry, and higher-education institutions are adapting programs to fit thriving regional economies, and calling upon advisory committees to make major decisions within their organizations. Perceptions of and experiences with the decision-making processes that educational practitioners and workforce advisory-committee members utilize to make informed decisions for workforce-education programs are vital to their success. This chapter reveals the best practices that business and industry use to make informed decisions, including how to utilize those practices to include educational entities.

scholarly journals The Lack of Age Representation in the Governance of Rugby Union in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-310
Author(s):  
Adam J. White ◽  
Stefan Robinson ◽  
Eric Anderson ◽  
Rachael Bullingham ◽  
Allyson Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young People ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Organizational Analysis ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Homologous Reproduction ◽  
Academic Debate

Diversity and representation in sport governing bodies has become an issue for both public discussion and academic debate in recent times. Previous work has primarily centered on gender inequalities within the forever changing masculine terrain of sport. However, no work has yet examined the representation and participation of young people in the decision-making structures of sporting bodies. This paper holds up England’s Rugby Union for organizational analysis, using the notion of homologous reproduction as a heuristic framework. In doing so, it explores the reproduction of this governing body for the systematic exclusion of young people in decision-making processes over the last few decades. This framework is then twined with Article 11 of the United Nation’s Convention for the Rights of the Child, to make the case that the RFU desires homologous reproduction in order to avoid dealing with what youth are currently concerned with –head injuries. Given such a high proportion of rugby’s participants being under twenty-five years of age, we conclude the lack of young people within the decision-making process represents a form of willful discrimination.

scholarly journals Age-dependency in binocular rivalry is reflected by exclusive percepts, not mixed percepts

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Arani ◽  
Raymond van Ee ◽  
Richard van Wezel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Neural Factors ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

AbstractSome aspects of decision-making are known to decline with normal aging. One of the known perceptual decision-making processes which is vastly studied is binocular rivalry. It is well-established that the older the person, the slower the perceptual dynamics. However, the underlying neurobiological cause is unknown. So, to understand how age affects visual decision-making, we investigated age-related changes in perception during binocular rivalry. In binocular rivalry, the image presented to one eye competes for perceptual dominance with the image presented to the other eye. Perception during binocular rivalry consists of alternations between exclusive percepts. However, frequently, mixed percepts with combinations of the two monocular images occur. The mixed percepts reflect a transition from the percept of one eye to the other but frequently the transitions do not complete the full cycle and the previous exclusive percept becomes dominant again. The transitional idiosyncrasy of mixed percepts has not been studied systematically in different age groups. Previously, we have found evidence for adaptation and noise, and not inhibition, as underlying neural factors that are related to age-dependent perceptual decisions. Based on those conclusions, we predict that mixed percepts/inhibitory interactions should not change with aging. Therefore, in an old and a young age group, we studied binocular rivalry dynamics considering both exclusive and mixed percepts by using two paradigms: percept-choice and percept-switch. We found a decrease in perceptual alternation Probability for older adults, although the rate of mixed percepts did not differ significantly compared to younger adults. Interestingly, the mixed percepts play a very similar transitional idiosyncrasy in our different age groups. Further analyses suggest that differences in synaptic depression, gain modulation at the input level, and/or slower execution of motor commands are not the determining factors to explain these findings. We then argue that changes in perceptual decisions at an older age are the result of changes in neural adaptation and noise.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF AGE AND GENDER IN GROUP DECISION-MAKING PROPENSITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Osmani ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young People ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Gender

Increasingly, organizations are oriented towards groups to make decisions. This is because some contextual factors have undergone significant changes. Companies are operating in a competitive, dynamic and complex environment, having to face with unstructured and non-programmed decisions. Organizations are also oriented towards participatory processes in order to benefit from the important advantages that these processes offer. The main goal of the current research is to understand if there is a correlation between group decision-making propensity, age and gender. The motivation for the current research starts from the consideration that the degree of preference for group decision-making processes determines the contribution and commitment of the members, with important consequences on the decisions’ effectiveness. The processing and analysis of the collected data indicate that adults prefer group decision-making processes more than young people and women prefer group decision-making processes less than men.

(Re)-Defining ‘Teacher’: Preservice Teachers with Disabilities in Canadian Teacher Education Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Wilson ◽  
Laura Sokal ◽  
Deb Woloshyn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Student Teaching ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Current Standards

Directors of Student Teaching from the Western Canadian provinces participated in focus groups about the realities and decision-making processes around practicum for preservice teachers with disabilities. Results showed current standards, when applied rigidly, served to reify a static, homogenous, and unrealistic definition of ‘teacher’ that marginalises preservice teachers with disabilities. However, the effort of directors to challenge this notion of ‘teacher’, framed within the constructionist model of disability, gives hope for a more inclusive future teaching force.

scholarly journals ‘They Really Should Start Listening to You’: The Benefits and Challenges of Co-Producing a Participatory Framework of Youth Justice Practice

Youth Justice ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 147322542094159
Author(s):  
Hannah Smithson ◽  
Paul Gray ◽  
Anna Jones
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young People ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Justice Practice

This article presents the findings from a pioneering project between a university and 10 regional youth justice services. The project resulted in the co-production, with young people, of a framework of principles termed ‘Participatory Youth Practice’ (PYP). The benefits and challenges of producing PYP are discussed. We argue that the framework – grounded in Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and ‘child first, offender second’ principles – is a formative step in the process of creating a youth justice system that respects and acknowledges children and young people’s rights and enables them to meaningfully participate in decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Gender Mainstreaming in Waste Education Programs: A Conceptual Framework

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia dos Muchangos ◽  
Philip Vaughter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Gender

Gender issues are present in waste management, from daily handling activities through to decision-making processes. In waste education programs, the disregard for views of and contribution by women has resulted in strategies that do not comprehensively address the waste issue, preventing long-standing and sustainable outcomes, while increasing existing gender inequities. Three critical waste matters on education and gender were identified: (1) lack of meaningful involvement and participation of women (and other vulnerable groups) throughout the decision-making processes; (2) lack of inclusion of gender-specific designs and gender-sensitive approaches in the information and education materials; and (3) tendency to devise strategies directed to women only, while exempting the other stakeholders from their responsibilities. This paper presents a closer look into the relationship between waste education and gender, with a proposal of a participatory framework for gender mainstreaming in waste education programs. It includes components to assess the promoting entity of the waste education program and all stages of the program. The framework represents a novel theory and practice contribution for waste education development, to support academics, practitioners, and policymakers, in the quest of achieving equitable and sustainable waste management systems for all.

Films and Drug Education

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Sheppard ◽  
Michael S. Goodstadt
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Drug Education ◽  
Education Programs

A great many films have been made that deal with all aspects of drugs, their use and abuse. Some of these films are directed at young people within the school setting and are intended as part of drug education programs. Some insights as to what is happening in this specific area are discussed.

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