scholarly journals Cancer Cachexia: The Comparative Mechanisms of Weight Loss after Esophagectomy and Bariatric Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
David J Tansey ◽  
◽  
Carel W le Roux ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Unintentional Weight Loss ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Esophagogastric Cancer ◽  
Hormone Signalling

Oesophageal cancer is the ninth most common cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide [1]. Over the past number of years, due to earlier diagnosis and better treatment, we are seeing improvements in the survival rates of oesophageal cancer, with more patients living longer post-esophagectomy surgery. Unintentional weight loss is a common unintended feature seen in patients post-esophagectomy done with curative intent. Many recent studies have demonstrated the links between the pathophysiology of the weight loss following esophagogastric cancer surgery and the biological mechanism of weight loss following bariatric surgery. The predominant cause of the weight loss in both circumstances appears to the postoperative alterations in gut hormone signalling. This paper explores these over-lapping gut hormones signalling mechanisms and discusses the use of this increased understanding of hormone signalling to develop potential pharmacologic targets for the management of unintentional weight loss post-esophagogastric cancer surgery.

scholarly journals Pharmacologic gut hormone modulation and eating behavior after esophagogastric cancer surgery: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Nicholas RS Stratford ◽  
Conor F. Murphy ◽  
Jessie A. Elliott ◽  
John V. Reynolds ◽  
Carel W. le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Hormone Modulation ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Esophagogastric Cancer

scholarly journals Gut Hormone Profiles Following Bariatric Surgery Favor an Anorectic State, Facilitate Weight Loss, and Improve Metabolic Parameters

2007 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Patriti ◽  
Enrico Facchiano ◽  
Nino Gull?? ◽  
Maria Cristina Aisa ◽  
Claudia Annetti
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Gut Hormone

scholarly journals Gut Hormone Profiles Following Bariatric Surgery Favor an Anorectic State, Facilitate Weight Loss, and Improve Metabolic Parameters

2006 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel W. le Roux ◽  
Simon J. B. Aylwin ◽  
Rachel L. Batterham ◽  
Cynthia M. Borg ◽  
Frances Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Gut Hormone

scholarly journals Recombinant Human Leptin Does Not Alter Gut Hormone Levels after Gastric Bypass but May Attenuate Sweet Cravings

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rushika Conroy ◽  
Gerardo Febres ◽  
Donald J. McMahon ◽  
Michael O. Thorner ◽  
Bruce D. Gaylinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Sweet Cravings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Reduced State

Bariatric surgery improves glucose homeostasis and alters gut hormones partly independent of weight loss. Leptin plays a role in these processes; levels are decreased following bariatric surgery, creating a relative leptin insufficiency. We previously showed that leptin administration in a weight-reduced state after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) caused no further weight loss. Here, we discuss the impact of leptin administration on gut hormones, glucostasis, and appetite. Weight stable women after RYGB were randomized to receive placebo or recombinant human metreleptin (0.05 mg/kg twice daily). At weeks 0 and 16, a liquid meal challenge was performed. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, PYY, glucagon, and ghrelin (total, acyl, and desacyl) were measured fasting and postprandially. Appetite was assessed using a visual analog scale. Mean post-op period was53±2.3months; mean BMI was34.6±0.2 kg/m2. At 16 weeks, there was no significant change in weight within or between groups. Fasting PYY was significantly different between groups and the leptin group had lower sweets craving at week 16 than the placebo group (P<0.05). No other differences were observed. Leptin replacement does not alter gut hormones or glucostasis but may diminish sweet cravings compared to placebo in this population of post-RYGB women.

The Role of Gut Hormones in Diet-Induced Weight Change: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 816-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Qing Han ◽  
Xiaokun Gang ◽  
You Lv ◽  
Yujia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Gut Hormone

AbstractGut hormones are known to play an important role in long-term weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery. However, the interplay between gut hormones and diet-induced weight changes remains unclear. Our aims were to evaluate the alterations of gut hormones in diet-induced weight loss, weight maintenance, and weight regain periods. Available studies were searched on MEDLINE, EMASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Library, and Web of science from inception to October 2016. After selection, 16 studies with 656 participants were included. Based on current evidence, we found significant alterations of gut hormones induced by different diets. In weight-loss diets, decreased fasting total PYY, GLP-1, CCK, GIP, PP, and amylin along with increased ghrelin levels were observed in most studies. After weight loss, the persistent decreases of fasting total PYY and GLP-1 levels as well as increased appetite were reported, suggesting the profound impact of altered gut hormones on later weight regain after dietary intervention. The differences between diet-induced changes in gut hormones and other treatments such as bariatric surgery and exercise are also discussed in this review. Although significant alterations of gut hormones were found during weight changes, huge heterogeneity exists in methods and populations. More large-scale studies with elaborate design addressing the gut hormone alterations in dietary weight regulation are required in the future.

scholarly journals Do Gut Hormones Contribute to Weight Loss and Glycaemic Outcomes after Bariatric Surgery?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Dimitris Papamargaritis ◽  
Carel W. le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gut Hormone

Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for management of obesity through treating dysregulated appetite and achieving long-term weight loss maintenance. Moreover, significant changes in glucose homeostasis are observed after bariatric surgery including, in some cases, type 2 diabetes remission from the early postoperative period and postprandial hypoglycaemia. Levels of a number of gut hormones are dramatically increased from the early period after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy—the two most commonly performed bariatric procedures—and they have been suggested as important mediators of the observed changes in eating behaviour and glucose homeostasis postoperatively. In this review, we summarise the current evidence from human studies on the alterations of gut hormones after bariatric surgery and their impact on clinical outcomes postoperatively. Studies which assess the role of gut hormones after bariatric surgery on food intake, hunger, satiety and glucose homeostasis through octreotide use (a non-specific inhibitor of gut hormone secretion) as well as with exendin 9–39 (a specific glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist) are reviewed. The potential use of gut hormones as biomarkers of successful outcomes of bariatric surgery is also evaluated.

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