scholarly journals How Confidence in Prior Attitudes, Social Tag Popularity, and Source Credibility Shape Confirmation Bias Toward Antidepressants and Psychotherapy in a Representative German Sample: Randomized Controlled Web-Based Study

10.2196/11081 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. e11081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schweiger ◽  
Ulrike Cress
Keyword(s):  
Source Credibility ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Web Based ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Social Tag ◽  
Prior Attitudes

scholarly journals How Confidence in Prior Attitudes, Social Tag Popularity, and Source Credibility Shape Confirmation Bias Toward Antidepressants and Psychotherapy in a Representative German Sample: Randomized Controlled Web-Based Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schweiger ◽  
Ulrike Cress
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Prior Attitudes ◽  
Blog Posts

BACKGROUND In health-related, Web-based information search, people should select information in line with expert (vs nonexpert) information, independent of their prior attitudes and consequent confirmation bias. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate confirmation bias in mental health–related information search, particularly (1) if high confidence worsens confirmation bias, (2) if social tags eliminate the influence of prior attitudes, and (3) if people successfully distinguish high and low source credibility. METHODS In total, 520 participants of a representative sample of the German Web-based population were recruited via a panel company. Among them, 48.1% (250/520) participants completed the fully automated study. Participants provided prior attitudes about antidepressants and psychotherapy. We manipulated (1) confidence in prior attitudes when participants searched for blog posts about the treatment of depression, (2) tag popularity —either psychotherapy or antidepressant tags were more popular, and (3) source credibility with banners indicating high or low expertise of the tagging community. We measured tag and blog post selection, and treatment efficacy ratings after navigation. RESULTS Tag popularity predicted the proportion of selected antidepressant tags (beta=.44, SE 0.11; P<.001) and blog posts (beta=.46, SE 0.11; P<.001). When confidence was low (−1 SD), participants selected more blog posts consistent with prior attitudes (beta=−.26, SE 0.05; P<.001). Moreover, when confidence was low (−1 SD) and source credibility was high (+1 SD), the efficacy ratings of attitude-consistent treatments increased (beta=.34, SE 0.13; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS We found correlational support for defense motivation account underlying confirmation bias in the mental health–related search context. That is, participants tended to select information that supported their prior attitudes, which is not in line with the current scientific evidence. Implications for presenting persuasive Web-based information are also discussed. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03899168; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03899168 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77Nyot3Do)

The Use of Web-Based Support Groups versus Usual Quit-Smoking Care for Men and Women 21–59 Years Old: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Pechmann ◽  
Douglas Calder ◽  
Connor Phillips ◽  
Kevin Delucchi ◽  
Judith J. Prochaska
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Quit Smoking

Effectiveness of a web-based medication adherence tool with patient centered communication: Results of a clustered randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan van Lieshout ◽  
Joyca Lacroix ◽  
Aart van Halteren ◽  
Martina Teichert
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND Growing numbers of people use medication for chronic conditions; non-adherence is common, leading to poor disease control. A newly developed web-based tool to identify an increased risk for non-adherence with related potential individual barriers might facilitate tailored interventions and improve adherence. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of the newly developed tool to improve medication adherence. METHODS A cluster randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of this adherence tool in patients initiating cardiovascular or oral blood glucose lowering medication. Participants were included in community pharmacies. They completed an online questionnaire comprising an assessments of their risk for medication non-adherence and subsequently of barriers to adherence. In pharmacies belonging to the intervention group, individual barriers displayed in a graphical profile on a tablet were discussed by pharmacists and patients at high non-adherence risk in face to face meetings and shared with their general practitioners and practice nurses. Tailored interventions were initiated by the healthcare providers. Barriers of control patients were not presented or discussed and these patients received usual care. The primary outcome was the difference in medication adherence at 8 months follow-up between patients with an increased non-adherence risk from intervention and control group, calculated from dispensing data. RESULTS Data from 492 participants in 15 community pharmacies were available for analyses (intervention 253, 7 pharmacies; control 239, 8 pharmacies). The intervention had no effect on medication adherence (-0.01; 95%CI -0.59 – 0.57; P= .96), neither in the post hoc per protocol analysis (0.19; 95%CI -0.50 – 0.89; P=.58). CONCLUSIONS This study showed no effectiveness of a risk stratification and tailored intervention addressing personal barriers for medication adherence. Various potential explanations for lack of effect were identified. These explanations relate for instance to high medication adherence in the control group, study power and fidelity. Process evaluation should elicit possible improvements and inform the redesign of intervention and implementation. CLINICALTRIAL The Netherlands National Trial Register: NTR5186. Date: May 18, 2015 (http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5186)

Effectiveness of a web-based acceptance and commitment therapy program for adolescent career preparation: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 103578
Author(s):  
Noona Kiuru ◽  
Anne Puolakanaho ◽  
Päivi Lappalainen ◽  
Katariina Keinonen ◽  
Saija Mauno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Career Preparation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment

Improved Cancer Coping from a Web‐based Intervention for Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Tagai ◽  
Suzanne M. Miller ◽  
Shawna V. Hudson ◽  
Michael A. Diefenbach ◽  
Elizabeth Handorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Prostate Cancer Survivors ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cancer Coping
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