scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Human Trust in Healthcare: Focus on Clinicians

10.2196/15154 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. e15154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Asan ◽  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Avishek Choudhury

Artificial intelligence (AI) can transform health care practices with its increasing ability to translate the uncertainty and complexity in data into actionable—though imperfect—clinical decisions or suggestions. In the evolving relationship between humans and AI, trust is the one mechanism that shapes clinicians’ use and adoption of AI. Trust is a psychological mechanism to deal with the uncertainty between what is known and unknown. Several research studies have highlighted the need for improving AI-based systems and enhancing their capabilities to help clinicians. However, assessing the magnitude and impact of human trust on AI technology demands substantial attention. Will a clinician trust an AI-based system? What are the factors that influence human trust in AI? Can trust in AI be optimized to improve decision-making processes? In this paper, we focus on clinicians as the primary users of AI systems in health care and present factors shaping trust between clinicians and AI. We highlight critical challenges related to trust that should be considered during the development of any AI system for clinical use.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Asan ◽  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Avishek Choudhury

UNSTRUCTURED Artificial intelligence (AI) can transform health care practices with its increasing ability to translate the uncertainty and complexity in data into actionable—though imperfect—clinical decisions or suggestions. In the evolving relationship between humans and AI, trust is the one mechanism that shapes clinicians’ use and adoption of AI. Trust is a psychological mechanism to deal with the uncertainty between what is known and unknown. Several research studies have highlighted the need for improving AI-based systems and enhancing their capabilities to help clinicians. However, assessing the magnitude and impact of human trust on AI technology demands substantial attention. Will a clinician trust an AI-based system? What are the factors that influence human trust in AI? Can trust in AI be optimized to improve decision-making processes? In this paper, we focus on clinicians as the primary users of AI systems in health care and present factors shaping trust between clinicians and AI. We highlight critical challenges related to trust that should be considered during the development of any AI system for clinical use.


Author(s):  
Luigina Mortari ◽  
Roberta Silva

An intensive care unit (ICU) is a demanding environment, defined by significant complexity, in which physicians must make decisions in situations characterized by high levels of uncertainty. This study used a phenomenological approach to investigate the decision-making (DM) processes among ICU physicians’ team with the aim of understanding what happens when ICU physicians must reach a decision about the infectious status of a patient. The focus was put on the identification of how the discursive practices influence physicians’ DM processes and on how different ICU environments make different discursive profiles emerge, particularly when a key issue is at the center of the physicians’ discussion. A naturalistic approach used in this study is particularly suitable for investigating health care practices because it can best illuminate the essential meaning of the “lived experiences” of the participants. The findings revealed a common framework of elements that provide insight into DM processes in ICUs and how these are affected by discursive practices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Roczniewska ◽  
Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz ◽  
Hanna Augustsson ◽  
Per Nilsen ◽  
Sara Ingvarsson ◽  
...  

Abstract Background A large number of practices used in health care lack evidence of effectiveness and may be unnecessary or even cause harm. As such, they should be de-implemented. While there are multiple actors involved in de-implementation of such low-value care (LVC) practices, ultimately, the decision to abandon a practice is often made by each health care professional. A recent scoping review identified 6 types of factors affecting the utilization vs. abandonment of LVC practices. These factors concern health care professionals, patients, outer context, inner context, processes, and the characteristics of LVC practice itself. However, it is unclear how professionals weigh these different factors in and how these determinants influence their decisions about abandoning LVC practices. This project aims to investigate how health care professionals account for various factors as they make decisions regarding de-implementation of LVC practices. Methods This project will be carried out in two main steps. First, a factorial survey experiment (a vignette study) will be applied to empirically test the relevance of factors previously identified in the literature for health care professionals’ decision-making about de-implementation. Second, interactive workshops with relevant stakeholders will be carried out to develop a framework for professionals’ decision-making and to offer suggestions for interventions to support de-implementation of LVC practices. Discussion The project has the potential to contribute to improved understanding of the decision-making involved in de-implementation of LVC practices. We will identify which factors are more important when they make judgments about utilizing versus abandoning LVC practices. The results will provide the basis for recommendations concerning appropriate interventions to support de-implementation decision-making processes.


2020 ◽  
pp. 107780042094105
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Raimondi

In this performance autoethnography poetry, I report a poem which aims to question the socially constructed concepts and health care practices in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Through my thoughts, questions, answers, and demarcations embodied in my existence as a medical educator/professor/researcher and former (?) physician, I try to enlarge the views of this COVID-19 pandemic, in a context such as the one we are living in Brazil, between the deaths and the denial of the pandemic, in the search to “save the economy.” By playing with my personal/political stories, inviting the readers to think with me about health care, medical education/research, applauses and loneliness, heroes/warriors and fear, and possibilities embodied in our texts, in our lives.


Recent years witnessed lots of advancements in Internet of Medical Things, Innovations in Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics based health care practices. Further, recent pandemic has compelled health care institutions to adopt remote patient care practices throughout the world and India is not an exception. Growth in mobile infrastructure and cheap mobile data packages also encouraged adoption of telemedicine and m-health care practices in India which eventually supports attempts of health care policy makers for transition of traditional health care systems to Health 4.0 in the lines of industry4.0. However, success of Health 4.0 depends upon the coordinated efforts from all the stakeholders. In this regard this research has been conducted to investigate the current status of Health 4.0 implementation in India and readiness of Indian health care sector towards its adoption. This paper further employs the SWOT-AHP analysis to identify the current areas that need immediate improvement to facilitate Health 4.0 adoption.


2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Geist-Martin ◽  
Catherine Becker ◽  
Summer Carnett ◽  
Katherine Slauta

The big island of Hawaii has been named the healing island – a place with varied interpretations of healing, health, and a wide range of holistic health care practices. This research explores the perspectives of holistic providers about the communicative practices they believe are central to their interactions with patients. Intensive ethnographic interviews with 20 individuals revealed that they perceive their communication with clients as centered on four practices, specifically: (a) reciprocity – a mutual action or exchange in which both the practitioner and patient are equal partners in the healing process; (b) responsibility – the idea that, ultimately, people must heal themselves; (c) forgiveness – the notion that healing cannot progress if a person holds the burden of anger and pain; and (d) balance – the idea that it is possible to bring like and unlike things together in unity and harmony. The narratives revealed providers’ ontological assumptions about mind-body systems and the rationalities they seek to resist in their conversations with patients.


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