scholarly journals Application for Epidemiological Geographic Information System: An Open-Source Spatial Analysis Tool based on the Common Data Model (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyeong Cho ◽  
Seng Chan You ◽  
Seongwon Lee ◽  
DongSu Park ◽  
Bumhee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Data Model

BACKGROUND Although spatial epidemiology is widely used to evaluate geographic variations and disparities in health outcomes, constructing geographic statistical models usually requires a labor-intensive process that limits its overall utility. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop open-source software for scalable spatial epidemiological analysis based on standardized geocode and a health care database and to demonstrate its applicability and methodological quality across countries. METHODS We developed Application for Epidemiological Geographic Information System (AEGIS) based on a standardized geocode and common data model (CDM) for health care data. AEGIS was implemented to access the geographic distribution in the incidences and health outcomes of non–communicable and communicable diseases in South Korea and the United States, specifically, the (1) geographical distribution of incident cancers, (2) spatial heterogeneity of 5-year mortality in Korean patients with cancer, and (3) identification of an endemic area of malaria in South Korea and the United States. The results from South Korea were compared with those of previous studies to assess the reliability of AEGIS. RESULTS AEGIS provides two widely used spatial analysis methods for health outcome assessment: disease mapping and detection of concentrated clusters of medical conditions or outcomes. It was possible to describe the spatial distribution, assess the spatial heterogeneity, and detect the focused area of a medical condition or outcome in various databases from different countries. The AEGIS-generated spatial distribution of incident cancer in Korea was consistent with those of previous reports. AEGIS was able to detect the known endemic area of malaria in South Korea. CONCLUSIONS As an open-source, cross-country, spatial analytics solution, AEGIS may globally expedite the assessment of differences in geographic health outcomes through the use of standardized geocode and health care databases.

scholarly journals Application of Epidemiological Geographic Information System: An Open-Source Spatial Analysis Tool Based on the OMOP Common Data Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7824
Author(s):  
Jaehyeong Cho ◽  
Seng Chan You ◽  
Seongwon Lee ◽  
DongSu Park ◽  
Bumhee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Common Data Model

Background: Spatial epidemiology is used to evaluate geographical variations and disparities in health outcomes; however, constructing geographic statistical models requires a labor-intensive process that limits the overall utility. We developed an open-source software for spatial epidemiological analysis and demonstrated its applicability and quality. Methods: Based on standardized geocode and observational health data, the Application of Epidemiological Geographic Information System (AEGIS) provides two spatial analysis methods: disease mapping and detecting clustered medical conditions and outcomes. The AEGIS assesses the geographical distribution of incidences and health outcomes in Korea and the United States, specifically incidence of cancers and their mortality rates, endemic malarial areas, and heart diseases (only the United States). Results: The AEGIS-generated spatial distribution of incident cancer in Korea was consistent with previous reports. The incidence of liver cancer in women with the highest Moran’s I (0.44; p < 0.001) was 17.4 (10.3–26.9). The malarial endemic cluster was identified in Paju-si, Korea (p < 0.001). When the AEGIS was applied to the database of the United States, a heart disease cluster was appropriately identified (p < 0.001). Conclusions: As an open-source, cross-country, spatial analytics solution, AEGIS may globally assess the differences in geographical distribution of health outcomes through the use of standardized geocode and observational health databases.

Health Outcomes and Health Care Utilization Among Obstetric Deliveries With Concurrent CKD in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Oliverio ◽  
Lindsay K. Admon ◽  
Laura H. Mariani ◽  
Tyler N.A. Winkelman ◽  
Vanessa K. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization

Early impact of the ICD-10-CM transition on selected health outcomes in 13 electronic health care databases in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 839-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Panozzo ◽  
Tiffany S. Woodworth ◽  
Emily C. Welch ◽  
Ting-Ying Huang ◽  
Qoua L. Her ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Electronic Health

Toward an Ecosocial View of Health

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Levins ◽  
Cynthia Lopez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Actual Health

The changing patterns of health in the United States justify both celebration and dismay. We can celebrate declining mortality rates, increased life expectancy, and improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. But public health was caught by surprise by the return of infectious disease; the gap in health outcomes between rich and poor and between whites and blacks increases; there is a growing discrepancy between what is technically possible and the actual health status; and despite its greater expenditures on health, the United States lags behind the other developed countries in health outcomes. The authors examine four reasons for this: we do not buy more health care, only pay more for it; we receive more health care, but much of it inappropriate, ineffective, or harmful; only some of us get more health care; and we have created a way of life that makes us sick, then spend more to repair the damage. Major failures arise when problems are understood too narrowly. An ecosocial perspective attempts to look at the whole. It rejects as false the dichotomies social/biological, physical/psychological, genetic/environmental, lifestyle/environment, examining their interrelations rather than assigning them relative weights. In addition to looking at average differences among populations, the authors examine patterns of variability in health outcomes.

scholarly journals Health Literacy and Health Outcomes of Adults in the United States: Implications for Providers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn McDonald ◽  
Laura Shenkman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Limited Health Literacy ◽  
Limited Health

The purpose of this paper is to explore health literacy of adults in the United States and review health outcomes as well as provider implications. Limited health literacy is a serious problem in the United States. Approximately 80 million adults in the United States have limited health literacy, which can adversely affect the quality of their health care. Poor health outcomes are associated with being health illiterate. Evidence shows that limited health literacy is associated with more hospitalizations; greater use of emergency care; lower receipt of mammography screening and influenza vaccine; poorer ability to demonstrate taking medications properly; poorer ability to interpret drug labels and health messages; and, among elderly persons, poorer overall health status and higher mortality rates. Health literacy is essential for patients to be able to take control and manage their own health. The benefits of being health literate include greater patient safety, less hospitalizations, a greater ability to care for oneself, and a greater cost savings to the healthcare system. This paper emphasizes “best practices” recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO),1 The American Medical Association (AMA),2 the Institute of Medicine (IOM),3 the Center for Disease Control (CDC),4 and the Joint Commission (JCAHO) 5 When patients, providers and communities work together to understand and improve health literacy a greater quality of life will result. Today’s health care providers are in a position to make an impact on the health illiteracy epidemic and improve the patient’s understanding about their health and outcomes.

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