scholarly journals Identifying Targets for Substance Use Prevention in Young People Exposed to Childhood Adversity: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Rachel Grummitt ◽  
Erin Veronica Kelly ◽  
Emma Louise Barrett ◽  
Katherine M Keyes ◽  
Nicola Clare Newton
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences are prevalent robust risk factors for the development of substance use problems. However, less is known about the causal mechanisms that explain these relationships. While directly preventing adverse childhood experiences is ideal, it is not always possible. In such cases, the mechanisms themselves may be amenable to intervention, allowing for the effective prevention of problematic substance use among children exposed to adversity. Identifying such mechanisms is therefore a critical step for efforts aiming to reduce the high individual and societal burdens associated with substance use globally. OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically identify and synthesize evidence on the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people (age 10-24 years). METHODS A systematic review will be conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases to determine the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use in young people. Data from the review will be qualitatively synthesized, unless we identify a sufficient number of studies (at least five) that examine the same type of adversity (eg, physical or sexual abuse) and the same mediator/moderator, in which case a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) will be conducted. If a quantitative synthesis is warranted, standardized effect estimates of the indirect (mediated) effect between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes will be combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Mediators/moderators will be grouped according to a socioecological perspective, using the four levels of individual, interpersonal, community, and public policy/culture. RESULTS Electronic searches were completed in August 2019. A total of 4004 studies were included for screening after removing duplicates. After evaluating titles and abstracts against eligibility criteria, a further 3590 studies were excluded, leaving 415 studies for full-text screening. The results of the review are expected to be available by December 2020. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people are vital targets for substance use prevention efforts. This review will provide evidence to inform the development of prevention strategies in order to interrupt the negative life trajectory that can begin with childhood adversity. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020148773; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020148773 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/22368

scholarly journals Identifying Targets for Substance Use Prevention in Young People Exposed to Childhood Adversity: Protocol for a Systematic Review

10.2196/22368 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e22368
Author(s):  
Lucinda Rachel Grummitt ◽  
Erin Veronica Kelly ◽  
Emma Louise Barrett ◽  
Katherine M Keyes ◽  
Nicola Clare Newton
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
The Relationship

Background Adverse childhood experiences are prevalent robust risk factors for the development of substance use problems. However, less is known about the causal mechanisms that explain these relationships. While directly preventing adverse childhood experiences is ideal, it is not always possible. In such cases, the mechanisms themselves may be amenable to intervention, allowing for the effective prevention of problematic substance use among children exposed to adversity. Identifying such mechanisms is therefore a critical step for efforts aiming to reduce the high individual and societal burdens associated with substance use globally. Objective This study aims to systematically identify and synthesize evidence on the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people (age 10-24 years). Methods A systematic review will be conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases to determine the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use in young people. Data from the review will be qualitatively synthesized, unless we identify a sufficient number of studies (at least five) that examine the same type of adversity (eg, physical or sexual abuse) and the same mediator/moderator, in which case a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) will be conducted. If a quantitative synthesis is warranted, standardized effect estimates of the indirect (mediated) effect between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes will be combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Mediators/moderators will be grouped according to a socioecological perspective, using the four levels of individual, interpersonal, community, and public policy/culture. Results Electronic searches were completed in August 2019. A total of 4004 studies were included for screening after removing duplicates. After evaluating titles and abstracts against eligibility criteria, a further 3590 studies were excluded, leaving 415 studies for full-text screening. The results of the review are expected to be available by December 2020. Conclusions The mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people are vital targets for substance use prevention efforts. This review will provide evidence to inform the development of prevention strategies in order to interrupt the negative life trajectory that can begin with childhood adversity. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020148773; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020148773 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/22368

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated with Reduced Psychological Resilience in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Cyleen A. Morgan ◽  
Yun-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Olivia Choy ◽  
Meng-Che Tsai ◽  
Shulan Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are presumed to influence internalizing and externalizing behaviors that can significantly debilitate long-term biopsychological development in individuals. Psychological resilience has been shown to effectively mediate the relationship between ACEs and negative health outcomes since individuals with low levels of resilience may have difficulty with bouncing back from toxic exposure to ACEs. Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed toward synthesizing current knowledge of the relationship between ACEs and psychological resilience in youths. Methods: A combination of key words relevant to the present study was searched on the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. The results were restricted to English publications and human studies, with subjects ranging between the age of 0 to 35 years. Effect-size measures inclusive of pooled correlation coefficients for correlation analyses and pooled odds ratios for regression analyses, respectively, were calculated using random-effect models to determine the relationship between ACEs and psychological resilience. Results: The searches identified 85 potentially relevant studies. Among them, 76 were excluded due to limited access, irrelevant data, and the fact that the variables of interest were not explicitly measured or disclosed, leaving a final total of nine studies considered valid for the meta-analysis. Findings from correlational meta-analysis (n = 6) revealed a significantly negative association between ACEs and resilience (β = −0.120 [−0.196, −0.043]). The meta-analysis of the studies (n = 3) reporting dichotomous outcomes (ACE ≥ 1 vs. no ACE) indicated that subjects who experienced an ACE were 63% less likely to display high resilience, in comparison to subjects without such experiences. Conclusion: Our results support a negative association between ACEs and psychological resilience and highlight the multiple dimensions that constitute resilience in an ACE-exposure context. These findings may be particularly useful to policy makers and healthcare institutions in terms of helping them devise effective medical interventions and community outreach programs intended to develop resilience in youths, thus reducing health-risk behaviors and negative health outcomes.

scholarly journals The Associations Between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Use During Pregnancy and Poor Infant Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Lance Hemady ◽  
Siu Ching Wong ◽  
Christina Thurston ◽  
Deborah Fry ◽  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Abstract Background: Research suggests that maternal exposure to childhood adversity is associated with substance use during pregnancy and poor infant outcomes (i.e., premature birth, low birth weight). However, to date, no systematic review has synthesised the effect of ACEs on these three outcomes. Method: The framework for this review will be adapted from the guidelines laid out in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. The electronic databases to be searched will include: PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and CINAHL and will be carried out by one reviewer. Studies that fit the pre-specified eligibility criteria will be screened, assessed, and extracted independently by two reviewers with discrepancies to be resolved by a third reviewer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional and cohort studies will be used to critically evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. If a sufficient number of studies are found to be comparable, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model.Discussion: This review will provide supporting evidence on the body of literature exploring the long-term and intergenerational consequences of adverse childhood experiences. The results of the review can help inform policies and interventions related to maternal health as well as early childhood development. The gaps identified in the review can also help inform recommendations for future research.

Associations Among Psychological Distress, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Social Support, and Resilience in Incarcerate Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Wolff ◽  
Francisco Caravaca Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Correctional Settings

This study examines the association between psychological distress and two aggravating factors (childhood adversity and substance use) and two mitigating factors (social support and resilience) in a correctional sample of 943 men. Participants completed a questionnaire probing psychiatric distress using the DASS (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale) and substance use behaviors using the ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were measured incrementally and cumulatively. ACEs were reported by a majority (57.6%) of the sample. The number of ACEs and childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse experiences were strongly and consistently associated with prison-based psychological distress. The graded relationship found between ACE and psychological distress among incarcerated men supports the cumulative risk hypothesis. Prison-based substance use was positively associated with psychological distress, whereas resilience and, to a lesser extent, social support were negatively associated with distress. These findings can be used to inform the design of trauma-sensitive integrated interventions in correctional settings for men.

scholarly journals The Associations between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Use During Pregnancy and Poor Infant Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Lance Hemady ◽  
Siu Ching Wong ◽  
Christina Thurston ◽  
Deborah Fry ◽  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Abstract Background: Research suggests that maternal exposure to childhood adversity is associated with substance use during pregnancy and poor infant outcomes (i.e., premature birth, low birth weight). However, to date, no systematic review has synthesised the effect of ACEs on these three outcomes.Method: The framework for this review will be adapted from the guidelines laid out in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. The electronic databases to be searched will include: PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and CINAHL and will be carried out by one reviewer. Studies that fit the pre-specified eligibility criteria will be screened, assessed, and extracted independently by two reviewers with discrepancies to be resolved by a third reviewer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional and cohort studies will be used to critically evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. If a sufficient number of studies are found to be comparable, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model.Discussion: This review will provide supporting evidence on the body of literature exploring the long-term and intergenerational consequences of adverse childhood experiences. The results of the review can help inform policies and interventions related to maternal health as well as early childhood development. The gaps identified in the review can also help inform recommendations for future research.

The relationship between family-based adverse childhood experiences and substance use behaviors among a diverse sample of college students

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Forster ◽  
Timothy J. Grigsby ◽  
Christopher J. Rogers ◽  
Stephanie M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Family Based ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Use: The Mediating Role of Perceptions of Harm and Peer and Parental Attitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jérémie Richard ◽  
Loredana Marchica ◽  
Anthony Sciola ◽  
William Ivoska ◽  
Jeffrey Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Peer Attitudes ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to the development of a range of mental health problems and risky behaviors. Generally, adolescents who experienced a greater number of ACEs have been found to be at increased risk of substance use behaviors. This study investigated the association between ACEs and substance use (i.e., cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and cannabis use) as mediated by perceptions of harm and perceived peer and parental attitudes towards each substance. Methods: A survey was completed by 6,304 students aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.75, SD = 1.76) in Wood County, Ohio, assessing ACEs, substance use behaviors, perceptions of harm and perceived peer and parental attitudes towards each substance. Mediation models controlling for age and gender were conducted for each substance use behavior including perceptions of harm and perceived peer and parental attitudes specific to each substance. Results: Controlling for age and gender, perceptions of harm and peer attitudes towards binge drinking partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and past month binge-drinking. For past month cannabis and cigarette smoking, peer and parental attitudes, but not perceptions of harm, partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and past month engagement in these substances. Implications: Greater perceptions of harm and negative attitudes by parents or peers may be protective against substance use behaviors among youth that have experienced ACEs. Early interventions focusing on increasing perceptions of harm along with promoting negative parental and peer attitudes towards substance use could decrease rates of use among those who experienced ACEs.

scholarly journals Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and substance use in youth offenders in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 105072
Author(s):  
Adam Oei ◽  
Chi Meng Chu ◽  
Dongdong Li ◽  
Nyx Ng ◽  
Carl Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prenatal Mental Health and Substance Use Among Urban, Low-Income Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya L. Jasthi ◽  
Sarah Nagle-Yang ◽  
Scott Frank ◽  
Marie Masotya ◽  
Alissa Huth-Bocks
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
Prenatal Mental Health
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