Water Quality of Surface Runoff from Grazed Fescue Grassland Watersheds in Alberta

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mapfumo ◽  
Walter D. Willms ◽  
David S. Chanasyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Heavy Grazing

Abstract A study was conducted at Stavely Research Station, Alberta, to determine the quantity and quality of surface runoff from small grassland watersheds under three grazing intensities, viz. ungrazed, heavy grazing (2.4 animal unit months per hectare, AUM ha-1) and very heavy grazing (4.8 AUM ha-1). The volume of surface runoff varied each year (1998, 1999 and 2000) and also differed across watersheds, with lower runoff in the ungrazed compared with the heavy and very heavy grazed watersheds. Total dissolved solids in surface runoff water ranged between 34 to 360 mg L-1, and that for runoff from the very heavy grazed watershed was greater than that from other watersheds. Electrical conductivity increased with increased grazing intensity on the watershed. In two of three years the very heavy grazed watershed had greater nitrate concentrations than the other two watersheds. In all three years the levels of nitrate were lower than the maximum acceptable level for drinking water (10 mg L-1 as nitrogen). Levels of orthophosphate (PO43-) in surface runoff from all three watersheds and the three years of study were less than 1 mg L-1, and mostly within the range considered typical for rivers and streams. Total carbon (up to 500 mg L-1) was greater than the amounts considered typical for streams and rivers, and most of it was organic carbon. Nuisance organisms such as algae, nematodes, Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and rotifers were detected in some surface runoff samples. However, no crustaceans were detected. The results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that the dominant external forcing factors (meteorological and management) in influencing water quality were year of study, water temperature and grazing. Surface runoff discharge did not influence water quality measurements. The dominant water quality parameters were found to be total carbon, organic carbon, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Overall, this study indicated that during the three years, the surface runoff volumes from the watersheds were small and grazing of these watersheds posed little risk of nutrient (e.g., nitrate, ammonia and orthophosphate) contamination of adjacent streams, but organic carbon loading and dissolved solids may be of concern. The presence of parasites was detected in two or less runoff water samples each year, and thus pose little risk of contamination of adjacent streams. However, it may be necessary to monitor parasites especially in areas under cow-calf operations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality of Groundwater in Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi Areas of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 898-904
Author(s):  
D. Ilangeswaran ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
D. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas of Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this analysis were compared with the water quality standards of ISI, WHO and CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, NO2-, CN-, Nas+, K+, NH3, Mn, Fe, Ca & Mg hardnessetc., were determined using standard procedures. The quality of groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of groundwater used for drinking and cooking purposes in and around Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi areas.

scholarly journals RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY VIA DESIRABILITY FUNCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMIZING CORRELATED RESPONSES OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS OF SELECTED BOREHOLE WATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
KEHINDE MONSURU YUSUFF ◽  
M. Lawal ◽  
A. T. Audu ◽  
O. A. Wale-Orojo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids

The health benefits in the description and observation of quantitative contents of quality parameters present or contained in any water source cannot be underestimated as they determine selection of best choice from available water sources for different intended uses as well as resource consumption. It also helps to compare the observed quantity of the quality with the acceptable standards or limits to get desired results. Physical parameters like pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) among others are determined by present of other chemical properties like Cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, etc), Anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42+, etc), heavy metals and other dissolved materials during the course of its formation in different proportions and amounts. This study observed EC and TDS of 20 selected boreholes as two close and correlated water quality parameters as well as two of the major water quality parameters that account for overall quality of any water source, despite their different quantitative contents and physical features, they are likely determined by the same set of cations and anions with similar constraint equations. In contrast to linear programming, multiple criteria optimization models were fitted for EC and TDS using Response Surface Methodology via desirability techniques, optimal values obtained in this case measured against several criteria are found to lie between acceptable standards limits for drinking water, other numerical values and descriptive features in the final results reflect that the response equations obtained were well fitted.

scholarly journals Researchof Water Quality and its Chemical Parameters by Titration Method and Instrumenal Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 871-874
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Dissolved Solids

he water quality analysis is an important aspect in understanding the behavior of water and what can they be used for. This study gives us a valuable information on the general properties of water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, Nitrate, chloride etc. of the study area . Water samples were analyzed at the water quality lab. NIH, Roorkee for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. The pH of water varied from 7.14 to 7.75. The electrical conductivity (EC) of sample falls from 620µS/cm to 2000µS/cm. The overall total dissolved solids in water of study area varied from 120mg/l to 900mg/l. Overall the range of the Chloride in water of the study area tend to falls between 13mg/l to 375mg/l. Sulfate of all the water samples that were collected from the study area have ranged from 28mg/l to 250mg .The range of the Bicarbonate of all the water samples varied from 320mg/l to 1051mg/l. The study area helps to know about water quality parameters and how to find their values by usingtwo methods : 1) titration method 2) instrumental method .It also helps us to apply these water quality parameters in ArcGis. It helps us to show the values of different parameters in different blocks ofambala for different years In this we have studied different blocks of ambala district Haryana .We have taken the samples from different places from the blocks and also samples are from wells, canal , rivers, ponds.

Survey of the Water Quality of the Bahar County Streams (Iran) by NSFWQI

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Abbas Ghaffari Habib ◽  
Seyed Hadi Khatami
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
The Mean

In Bahar County (Iran), rivers are among the important sources of water for the agricultural sector. Therefore, this research evaluated the parameters of temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, nitrate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and fecal coliform at five stations for five months (from February 2015 to June 2015) to determine water quality in the rivers. Based on this evaluation, the NSFWQI index was calculated and, finally, the routes of the rivers were zoned. The best water quality was recorded at Station Number 3 with the NSFWQI Value of 80 in January, and the worst at Station Number 5 (latgah) with the NSFWQI Value of 37 in June. Based on the mean NSFWQI indices, water quality was Medium at Stations Number 1, 2, and 4, good at Station Number 3, and bad at Station number 5.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Qualities of Water From Wells, Drillings and Tanks Used as Drinking Water in the Municipality of Allada (Benin, West Africa)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sohounou Marc ◽  
Vissin Expédit Wilfrid ◽  
Sintondji Luc Olivier ◽  
Houssou Christophe S. ◽  
Agbossou K. Euloge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Turbidity

Water, source of life, is also a source of disease when it is polluted. The aim of this study is to analyze the physicochemical quality and the bacteriological quality of the wells, boreholes and tank for drinking water in the Commune of Allada. The methodology is based on the collection of data, data processing and analysis carried out at the Laboratory for Quality Control of Water and Food (LCQEA) of the Ministry of Health. From the water sampling carried out at three (03) traditional wells, two (02) boreholes, two (02) tanks and water of river (02), bacteriological and physicochemical analysis were performed. The results showed that pH is higher at the tank than other water sources. Well 3 (P3) has a very high electrical conductivity (EC) which was 384.95 μS / cm and 192.47 mg / L for total dissolved solids (TDS). The tank 2 exhibited high value in pH 9.14; 71.72 (μS / cm) for the electrical conductivity (CE) and 35.86 mg / L, in total dissolved solids (TDS). Well 2 (P2) has a high turbidity of 4.53 (NTU) at all analyzed water points. The concentration of iron, copper nickel and cobalt remains low(less than 0.4 mg / L).Wells 2 and tank 1 are concentrated in lead, respectively 20.75mg / L and 13.71mg / L. Tank 1 and 2 have a high concentration of cadmium compared to other water points. The presence of Escherichia coli with a high concentration at home SONEB (39 CFU) and at well 2 (7.10 2 ) was found. In view of these results some recommendations were made.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PERAIRAN SUNGAI MUSI BAGIAN HILIR DITINJAU DARI KARAKTERISTIK FISIKA-KIMIA DAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKROZOOBENTHOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Husnah Husnah ◽  
Eko Prianto ◽  
Siti Nurul Aida
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Musi River

Sungai Musi merupakan sungai besar mengaliri wilayah Sumatera Selatan, Lampung, dan Bengkulu , dan bervariasi dalam pemanfaatannya, khususnya di bagian hilir, didominasi oleh kegiatan industri yang membuang limbahnya ke Sungai Musi. Kajian pengaruh industri terhadap Sungai Musi telah dilakukan, namun sebatas analisis fisik dan kimia lingkungan dan belum mengarah kepada pengaruhnya terhadap organisme air. Organisme air adalah indikator penting perubahan lingkungan karena organisme khususnya organisme dasar (benthos) menyimpan sejarah proses-proses terjadi di perairan. Riset yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas perairan Sungai Musi bagian hilir ditinjau dari karakteristik fisik dan kimia dan struktur makrozoobenthos telah dilakukan di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan pada bulan Mei dan September 2006. Riset dilakukan bersifat survei lapangan. Delapan stasiun ditentukan di Sungai Musi bagian hilir berdasarkan pada perbedaan mikrohabitat. Stasiun riset masing masing antara lain Sejagung, Pulokerto, Jembatan Ampera, Sebokor, Pulau Burung, Upang, Pulau Payung, dan Sungsang. Pada masing masing stasiun, dilakukan pengambilan contoh air untuk parameter fisika, kimia, dan makrobenthos. Contoh air diambil dari atas perahu motor pada kedalaman 1,0 m dari permukaan air dengan menggunakan kemmerer water sampler. Sebagian contoh dianalisis di lapangan (suhu, pH, dan oksigen terlarut) dan sebagian lagi yaitu jumlah padatan tersesuspensi (total suspended solids), jumlah padatan terlarut (total dissolved solids), jumlah karbon organik (total organic carbon), organik karbon terlarut (dissolved organic carbon), konsumsi oksigen biologi (biochemical oxygen demand), nitrat, dan fosfat dianalisis di laboratorium kimia. Contoh makrozoobenthos diambil pada 10 titik di masing-masing stasiun, dengan menggunakan ekman dredge dengan bukaan mulut 400 cm2. Contoh makrobenthos pada masingmasing titik tersebut disortir dengan menggunakan saringan dan kemudian digabungkan (dikomposit) dan diawetkan dengan formalin 10%. Data kualitas air dianalisis dengan principle component analysis dan kelimpahan makrozoobenthos dianalisis dengan analisis cluster. Kualitas perairan di Sungai Musi bagian hilir dikelompokkan atas 2 yang mengalami tekanan berat yaitu dari Sejagung sampai dengan Pulau Burung dan tekanan ringan yaitu dari Upang sampai dengan Muara Sungai Musi. Kelompok pertama dicirikan oleh nilai konsentrasi total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, dan dissolved organic carbon yang tinggi diiringi dengan kelimpahan makrozoobenhthos yang rendah serta didominasi oleh Tubifex sp. Kelompok ke-2 dari Upang sampai dengan Muara Sungai Musi dicirikan oleh nilai konsentrasi total suspended solids yang tinggi, dengan kelimpahan makrozoobenthos yang tinggi dan didominasi oleh Gammarus. Musi River is a large river , crossing three provinces, South Sumatra, Lampung and Bengkulu, and differeing in types and levels of its resources ultization, particularly at the down stream of Musi River, mostly dominated by industries activities producing a waste which flows to the river. Several studies on the effect of industries on the Musi River have been conducted , however , limmieted on physical dan chemical aspects of the water, not yet to evaluate its effect on aquatic organism. Aquatic organism such macrozoobenthos is important indicator of environmental changes since this organism records the history of processes occurred in the water. Study to assess water quality of the down stream Musi River based on physical, chemical water characteristics and macrozoobenthos community structure was conducted at may and september 2006 in Musi River located in South Sumatera Province of Indonesia. The study used inventory field survey. Eight sampling sites; Sejagung, Pulokerto, Jembatan Ampera, Sebokor, Pulau Burung, Upang, Pulau Payung, and Sungsang were selected based on the microhabitat difference. water sampling for physical and chemical parameters and sediment, and  macrozoobenthos were carried in each sampling site. Water sample was collected at a depth of 1.0 m from the water surface by using kemmerer water sampler. Some water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were directly analyzed in the field, while the others such as total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, and phosphate were analyzed in laboratory. Macrozoobenthos was collected at ten sampling points in each sampling sites using Ekman Dredge of 400 cm2 mouth opening. Macrozoobenthos from ten sampling points was composited, sorted and preserved with formalin 10%. Water quality parameters were analyzed with principle component analysis while macrozoobenthos abundance was analyzed with cluster. Results revealed that water quality at the down stream Musi River was classified into two groups. The first group was the heavy degraded sites from Sejagung to Pulau Burung, characterized by having high concentration of total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon, low abundance of macrozoobenthos with Tubifex sp. as the dominant species. The second group was light degraded sites from Upang to the mouth of Musi River, characterized by high concentration of total suspended solids and high macrozoobenthos abundance with Gammarus sp. as the dominant species.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diyala River Water Quality on the Quality of Tigris River Water using GIS Mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Fatima Muqdad Al-Rubaie ◽  
Nawar Omran Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Diyala River

The assessment of a river water’ quality is an essential procedure of monitor programs and is used to collect basic environmental data. The management of integrated water resources in a sustainable method is also necessary to allow future generations to meet their water needs. The main objective of this research is to assess the effect of the Diyala River on Tigris River water quality using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Water samples have been collected monthly from November 2017 to April 2018 from four selected locations in Tigris and Diyala Rivers using the grab sampling method. Fourteen parameters were studied which are Turbidity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate, Phosphate, Sodium, and Total Alkalinity. The results of GIS maps showed that the water quality of the Tigris River nearly affected by the water quality of the Diyala River within the locations selected. The maps also reveal that in March and April 2018 the quality of surface water got a sudden peak compared with the other months. This is due to the increase in both the parameter of Turbidity and Total Dissolved Solids.  

scholarly journals Qualitative Assessment of Mine Water of the Western Jharia Coalfield Area, Jharkhand, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Prasoon Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Jharia Coalfield

A geochemical study of mine water in the Western Jharia coalfield area was undertaken to assess its quality and suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. To assess mine water quality of the study area, a systematic sampling was carried out during the monsoon season, 2013. Eighteen representatives mine water sample were collected from both underground (underground sump and surface water discharge) and opencast mines, and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) , major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and major anions (HCO3- F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-). The pH of the analyzed mine waters ranged from 6.8 o 8.3 and electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 608 uS cm-1 to 1350 uS cm-1. TDS ranged from 432 to 1080 mg L-1 and the spatial differences in TDS reflect the geological formations, hydrological processes and prevailing mining conditions of the region. The anion and cation chemistry indicate the general ionic abundance as: HCO3-> SO42-> Cl-> NO3->F- and Mg2+>Ca2+> Na+> K+ in the mine water of the study area. The water quality assessment indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), magnesium and sulphate are the major parameters of concern in the study area and make it unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes.

scholarly journals Changes in the water quality of the Wilderness and Swartvlei lake systems, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
High Runoff ◽  
Freshwater Inflows ◽  
Lake Systems

Measurements of water temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, secchi disk depth, turbidity and total suspended solids were undertaken monthly in the Wilderness and Swartvlei lake systems between 1991 and 1997. The range of most water quality variables is wider than recorded in earlier studies. Potential causes are discussed for each variable, and include both anthropogenic modification of the quantity and timing of water movements within the lakes, as well as higher sampling and longer duration studies resulting in more accurate recording of natural variability. Historical data on total dissolved solids (1978 to 1990) were combined with data collected in these surveys to assess the occurrence of trends in relation to freshwater inflows. Long-term (19-year) changes in total dissolved solids have occurred in all lakes, with decreases during high runoff periods and increases during low runoff periods. There is little evidence of unidirectional change in total dissolved solids despite increased water abstraction from influent rivers.

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