EVALUATION OF THE UPSTREAM WATER LEVEL OF THE FLOW OVER WEIRS WITH RECTANGULAR LONGITUDINAL CROSS-SECTION

Abstract: Belawan River Basin is one of the watershed, which currently change the land use because of the increasing population and industrial development. Rainfall with high intensity can cause rapid runoff, causing flood around the plains of the river cross section. The purpose of this research is to determine the flood water level of Belawan Watershed and flood discharge return period. Scope of activity in this research is analyzing daily rainfall Belawan watershed with the flood-discharge return period. Scope of activity in this research is analyzing maximum daily rainfall Belawan Watershed, and simulating flood water level with HECRAS. The result of the study shows that the potency of Belawan watershed flood water level is caused by flood discharge at 25 to 100 years especially in the middle to downstream of river cross section that is between 0.7 m and 3.3 m. Keywords: Flood Discharge, Flood Level, Belawan Watershed, Software HECRAS. Abstrak: Daerah Aliran Sungai Belawan adalah salah satu DAS yang pada saat ini mengalami perubahan tata guna lahan seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk dan perkembangan industri. Curah hujan yang tinggi dapat mengakibatkan limpasan sehingga menimbulkan tinggi muka air banjir di sekitar dataran penampang sungai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensimulasi tinggi muka air banjir DAS Belawan dengan debit banjir periode kala ulangnya. Lingkup kegiatan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menganalisa curah hujan harian maksimum rata-rata DAS Belawan dan menganalisa debit banjir kala ulang 2 sampai dengan 100 tahun, mensimulasi tinggi muka air banjir dengan HECRAS. Hasil studi menunjukan potensi tinggi muka air banjir DAS Belawan terjadi akibat debit banjir periode kala ulang 25 sampai dengan 100 tahun khususnya di bagian tengah sampai hilir penampang sungai yaitu berkisar antara 0.7 m sampai dengan 3.3 m. Kata kunci: Debit banjir, Tinggi Banjir, DAS Belawan, Software HECRAS.

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Analisa Kapasitas Penampang Sungai Kali Gunting Di Kabupaten Jombang

Jurnal Intake : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Teknik dan Terapan ◽

10.48056/jintake.v9i2.45 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

Saiful Arfaah ◽

Iswinarti

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

River Water ◽

Cross Section ◽

Return Period ◽

Flood Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Flood Water ◽

Flow Parameters ◽

Flood Discharge ◽

Level Profile

The cause of flooding in the watershed area, one of which is caused by the inability of the river profile to accommodate the existing discharge (overflow). This research is intended to examine flood discharge and flood water level profile of Kali Gunting as a first step to determine flood mitigation solutions. Analysis of flood water level profiles using the Hec-Race 4.0 modeling program. With the help of this program, it is expected to be able to accommodate the flow parameters that are so complex. After modeling and knowing the capabilities of each part (cross section), this result will be a technical reference in determining flood mitigation measures. From the results of the study, the analysis of the potential for flooding in the scissor area was obtained as a result of the flood discharge capacity at scissors times = 301.00m3 / dt, and the emission times = 136.66m3 / dt for the 50th return period. The results of the Q50th calculation show that the condition of K. Scissors P0-P36 river water overflows / floods because the flood water level is above the eksesting embankment, while P36-P46 does not overflow / does not flood because the flood water level is below the eksesting dike. K. Panir condition P0-P48 river water overflows / floods because the flood water level is above the eksesting embankment, while P48-P60 does not overflow / does not flood because the flood water level is below the eksesting embankment

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Numerical modeling of seismically-induced slope displacements: a comparison between 2D and 3D finite difference models and Newmark-Displacements

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4186 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gisela Domej ◽

Céline Bourdeau

Keyword(s):

Finite Difference ◽

Cross Section ◽

3D Model ◽

3D Models ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Longitudinal Cross Section ◽

Landslide Body ◽

Mesh Grid ◽

2D And 3D ◽

2D Model

The majority of numerical landslide models are designed in 2D. In particular, models based on finite difference methods (FDM) are time-consuming and &#8211; as a result &#8211; in most cases also cost-intensive. 3D models, therefore, increase the processing time significantly. Another contributing factor to long processing times in the context of modeling of seismically-induced displacements is the fact that mesh grid increments must be small due to the necessity of correct wave propagation through the material. The larger the frequency range of the applied seismic signal should be, the smaller has to be the mesh grid increment. 3D models are, however, considered as more realistic.In this work, we present a comprehensive study on numerical 2D and 3D models of the Diezma Landslide, Southern Spain. The Landslide is represented in its shape as it appeared at the time of the main rupture on 18th of March in four model layouts: (1) a simplified model in 3D that outlines the landslide body with planar triangular tiles, (2) a longitudinal cross section through this simplified 3D model representing the simplified 2D model, (3) a smooth model in 3D that envelops the landslide body according to the main topographic features, and (4) a longitudinal cross section through this smooth 3D model representing the smooth 2D model.On both the simplified and the smooth 2D models, a series of 11 seismic scenarios was applied as SV-waves assuming a source sufficiently far for vertical incidence at the model bottoms in order to produce horizontal shear inside the landslide body with respect to the underlying bedrock. All 11 signals are characterized by different frequency contents, Arias Intensities from 0.1 to 1 m/s, moment magnitudes from 5.0 to 7.0 and peak ground accelerations from 0.8 to 1.2 m/s&#178;, and therefore correspond to scenarios that represent the local seismicity in Southern Spain. Because of time-related limitations, only four of these signals were respectively applied to the simplified and smooth 3D model. Newmark-Displacements were calculated using all 11 signals with the classic Newmark-Method that approximates the landslide body in 2D by a rigid block on an inclined plane, and with Newmark&#8217;s Empirical Law as spatial information covering the landslide area across the slope in regular intervals.We present a systematic comparison of all models and obtained displacements, showing that the Newmark-Methods deliver very similar results to the maximum displacements obtained by FDM. Moreover, we discuss on a particular example that &#8211; although seeming more accurate in the layout &#8211; smooth models lead not necessarily to realistic results.

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Teat anatomy affects requirements for udder preparation in Mediterranean buffaloes

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029910000518 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 468-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sarah Ambord ◽

Michael H Stoffel ◽

Rupert M Bruckmaier

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

The Other ◽

Longitudinal Cross Section ◽

Additional Experiment ◽

Milk Ejection ◽

Machine Milking ◽

Milk Flow ◽

Before And After ◽

Teat Canal ◽

Anatomical Parameters

The present study was conducted to assess the interrelation between teat anatomy and machine milking in dairy buffaloes raised in Switzerland. A 3-min pre-stimulation induced milk ejection before cluster attachment in most cases and caused an optimal milk removal during machine milking. In an additional experiment, longitudinal cross-section ultrasound was obtained before and after a 3-min pre-stimulation. Teat wall thickness, teat diameter, cisternal diameter and teat canal length were evaluated. It was observed that 3-min pre-stimulation dramatically reduced teat canal length whereas all the other anatomical parameters remained unchanged. The vacuum needed to open the teat canal was also measured before and after a 3-min pre-stimulation by using a special teat cup with only the mouthpiece of the liner remaining on the top of the teat cup (no liner, no pulsation). Without pre-stimulation but after wetting the teat canal by stripping one squirt of milk out of the teat, no milk could be withdrawn with a vacuum up to 39 kPa. However, after pre-stimulation, milk flow occurred in all buffaloes at a vacuum between 16 and 38 kPa. In the last experiment, the teat tissue was examined in slaughtered buffaloes and compared with teat tissue of cows. No difference was noted in histological sections and teat canal length was similar in cows and buffaloes. Proximal to the teat canal, the teat did not pass into an open cistern but the lumen was collapsed. In conclusion, buffaloes need to be well pre-stimulated because the tissue above the teat canal provides additional teat closure before milk ejection. Therefore, milk can only be obtained after pre-stimulation.

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INTEGRASI SIG-INFOWORKS RIVER SIMULATION UNTUK PEMODELAN HIDRODINAMIK SUNGAI SADDANG DAN SUNGAI MATA ALLO

Jurnal Environmental Science ◽

10.35580/jes.v2i2.13331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Srie Wulandarie

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Water Flow ◽

Cross Section ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Hydrodynamic Model ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Water Levels ◽

Average Increase ◽

Hydrodynamic Models ◽

Gis Data

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the hydrodynamic model of the river so that can know the capacity of the river to accommodate the incoming water flow. The simulation models can be used in structural mitigation plan as an attempt to prevent flooding in the future. The application program used to create hydrodynamic models that Infoworks River Simulation integrated with GIS. Data cross-section of the river as much as 39 points inputted into Infoworks River Simulation program. Furthermore, the discharge input the Saddang River and the Mata Allo River to determine variations in water level at each cross-section. The results of this study showed an average increase in water level of the Saddang and Mata Allo River in the event of the maximum discharge of 2.59 meters. Sectional increased water levels are all cross sections along the Saddang and Mata Allo River Saddang used in modeling the variation of the rise in water level of 0.8 to 5.39 meters.

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VALUE OF THE LONGITUDINAL CROSS-SECTION OF A RIVER VALLEY IN ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL PLANNING

International Geology Review ◽

10.1080/00206816209473658 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

D.P. Prochukhan

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

River Valley ◽

Longitudinal Cross Section

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Improvement of upsetting process of four-beam workpieces based on computerized and physical modeling

FME Transaction ◽

10.5937/fme2004946m ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 946-953

Author(s):

Oleg Markov ◽

Volodymyr Kukhar ◽

Vitalii Zlygoriev ◽

Alexander Shapoval ◽

Anton Khvashchynskyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Physical Modeling ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Relative Depth ◽

Longitudinal Cross Section ◽

Internal Defect ◽

Compressive Stresses ◽

A Value ◽

Mean Stresses

The method of upsetting of large ingots has been investigated in this work. The proposed method consists in upsetting of profiled workpieces with concave faces. An angle of the concave faces was 150°. A relative depth of the concave faces has been varied in range 15%…25% from workpiece's diameter. Strains effective and mean stresses in the longitudinal cross-section of the workpiece with concave faces after upsetting have been determined by FEM. A value of compressive stresses has been determined based on a parameter of the stress state. FEM allowed to find what a rational depth of the concave faces should be, which has to be 15 % from workpiece's diameter. Maximum closing of the internal defect take place for this depth of the concave faces. Results of the FEM have been tested by experimental investigations. It has been established that upsetting of the four-beam workpieces improved a quality of the massive parts.

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