scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE ACTUAL SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF TOKYO BAY ON URBAN AIR TEMPERATURE

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Ryoko ODA ◽  
Manabu KANDA ◽  
Ryo MORIWAKI ◽  
Tadashi YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Urban Air

scholarly journals Observed Sea Surface Temperature of Tokyo Bay and Its Impact on Urban Air Temperature

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2054-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Oda ◽  
Manabu Kanda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations

Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) and air temperature were measured in situ in Tokyo Bay. These measurements were made with high spatial and temporal resolutions between November 2006 and September 2007. The analysis of these data revealed 1) the seasonal and diurnal variations of SST and air temperature, and 2) the physical process by which Tokyo Bay lowers urban air temperature in summer. The following were the major findings obtained: 1) the diurnal amplitude of SST was as large as 5.5°C; 2) abrupt increases of SST occurred at the head and mouth of the bay that were due to heated water discharge and the Kuroshio, respectively; 3) the values of the satellite-based objectively analyzed SSTs were higher than those of the in situ SSTs, especially in winter; 4) the relationship between SST and air temperature was classified into three seasonal modes—winter, transient, and summer—and each mode was associated with the seasonal stability condition of the near-surface water; 5) the strong southwesterly wind over the bay in summer decreased the SST mainly because of increased turbulent mixing at the water surface, thereby increasing downward sensible heat flux up to −100 W m−2; 6) the lower SSTs in summer lowered the air temperature, but only for the urban atmosphere near the coast, and no effect was detected at 20 km inland; and 7) the horizontal gradient of air temperature over the land intensified with increasing wind speed.

scholarly journals Driving Forces of Circum-Antarctic Glacier and Ice Shelf Front Retreat over the Last Two Decades

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia A. Baumhoer ◽  
Andreas J. Dietz ◽  
Christof Kneisel ◽  
Heiko Paeth ◽  
Claudia Kuenzer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. The safety band of Antarctica consisting of floating glacier tongues and ice shelves buttresses ice discharge of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Recent disintegration events of ice shelves and glacier retreat indicate a weakening of this important safety band. Predicting calving front retreat is a real challenge due to complex ice dynamics in a data-scarce environment being unique for each ice shelf and glacier. We explore to what extent easy to access remote sensing and modelling data can help to define environmental conditions leading to calving front retreat. For the first time, we present a circum-Antarctic record of glacier and ice shelf front retreat over the last two decades in combination with environmental variables such as air temperature, sea ice days, snowmelt, sea surface temperature and wind direction. We find that the Antarctic ice sheet area shrank 29,618 ± 29 km2 in extent between 1997–2008 and gained an area of 7,108 ± 144.4 km2 between 2009 and 2018. Retreat concentrated along the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica including the biggest ice shelves Ross and Ronne. Glacier and ice shelf retreat comes along with one or several changes in environmental variables. Decreasing sea ice days, intense snow melt, weakening easterlies and relative changes in sea surface temperature were identified as enabling factors for retreat. In contrast, relative increases in air temperature did not correlate with calving front retreat. To better understand drivers of glacier and ice shelf retreat it is of high importance to analyse the magnitude of basal melt through the intrusion of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) driven by strengthening westerlies and to further assess surface hydrology processes such as meltwater ponding, runoff and lake drainage.

scholarly journals Sea surface temperature variations in the south-eastern BalticSea in 1960–2015

Baltica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Rukšėnienė ◽  
Inga Dailidienė ◽  
Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė ◽  
Tarmo Soomere
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

This study focuses on time scales and spatial variations of interrelations between average weather conditions and sea surface temperature (SST), and long-term changes in the SST in south-eastern Baltic Sea. The analysis relies on SST samples measured in situ four times a year in up to 17 open sea monitoring stations in Lithuanian waters in 1960–2015. A joint application of non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis reveals four distinct SST regimes and associated sub-regions in the study area. The increase in SST has occurred during both winter and summer seasons in 1960–2015 whereas the switch from relatively warm summer to colder autumn temperatures has been shifted by 4–6 weeks over this time in all sub-regions. The annual average air temperature and SST have increased by 0.03°C yr–1 and 0.02°C yr–1, respectively, from 1960 till 2015. These data are compared with air temperatures measured in coastal meteorological stations and averaged over time intervals from 1 to 9 weeks. Statistically significant positive correlation exists between the SST and the average air temperature. This correlation is strongest for the averaging interval of 35 days.

scholarly journals On changes of sea temperature in the English Channel

1960 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Celtic Sea

In a series of papers dealing with changes in the distribution of intertidal animals around Britain, and especially along the English Channel, attention was drawn to some local aspects of the general warming-up of sea and air that has taken place in the last 50 years (Southward & Crisp, 1954, 1956; Crisp and Southward, 1958). In the first of these papers smoothed values of annual mean air temperature at Plymouth Hoe, and sea surface temperature of the southern Celtic Sea were given, the latter values being based on Smed (1952). The graphs showed a rise of about 1° C in the air temperature and 0·5° C in sea temperature during 50 years.

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