Joint application of radar visibility reduction and anti-radar masking technologies to protect aircraft from remote monitoring systems

Using spectral energy equations of transmission-reception of wave processes in radio channel with scattering on object and direct radio channel, analysis of energy ratios of information signals and active masking interference at inputs of receivers of remote monitoring systems is carried out. Measures to reduce visibility are aimed at changing the reflective signatures of objects in the interests of reducing the de-masking features contained in secondary electromagnetic radiation to limits that exclude the performance of radar monitoring tasks at established distances and time intervals. Active interference is designed to mask information signals in receiving channels of radar at power that does not allow detecting their designers by passive radar. In case of joint application of not iceability reducing devices and active jammers, radar range reducing coefficient is determined by product of coefficient characterizing possibility of autonomous masking of information signals and coefficient achievable due to reduction of secondary electromagnetic radiation power in the second degree. The laws of increase of aircraft stealth from radar observation with joint application of technologies of reduction of radar visibility and masking by intentional interference created from sides of protected objects and from assigned points have been investigated. In order to maintain the desired signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the receiver with a decrease in the duration of the probing signal, it is necessary to proportionally increase the density of the emitted energy. With given antenna sizes, the maximum signal transmission range is proportional to the root square of their cyclic carrier frequency; increase of this parameter leads to increase of partial coefficient of directional action and effective area of antenna. With a decrease in the cyclic frequency of the carrier of the probing signal, inorder to maintain the required directional properties of the antennas, it is necessary to increase their dimensions.

Innovating the Construction Life Cycle through BIM/GIS Integration: A Review

The construction sector is in continuous evolution due to the digitalisation and integration into daily activities of the building information modelling approach and methods that impact on the overall life cycle. This study investigates the topic of BIM/GIS integration with the adoption of ontologies and metamodels, providing a critical analysis of the existing literature. Ontologies and metamodels share several similarities and could be combined for potential solutions to address BIM/GIS integration for complex tasks, such as asset management, where heterogeneous sources of data are involved. The research adopts a systematic literature review (SLR), providing a formal approach to retrieve scientific papers from dedicated online databases. The results found are then analysed, in order to describe the state of the art and suggest future research paths, which is useful for both researchers and practitioners. From the SLR, it emerged that several studies address ontologies as a promising way to overcome the semantic barriers of the BIM/GIS integration. On the other hand, metamodels (and MDE and MDA approaches, in general) are rarely found in relation to the integration topic. Moreover, the joint application of ontologies and metamodels for BIM/GIS applications is an unexplored field. The novelty of this work is the proposal of the joint application of ontologies and metamodels to perform BIM/GIS integration, for the development of software and systems for asset management.

Interactions of Biobased Rheology Modifying Agents with Superplasticizer in Cement Paste

Organic admixtures are an indispensable component of modern concrete. Thus, their purposeful application is not only technically and economically viable but in addition an inevitable tool to make concrete more environmentally friendly. In this context, the use of polysaccharides has increasingly gained interest in the built environment as sustainable resource for performance enhancement. However, due to its origin, biopolymers possess a vast variety of molecular structures which can result in incompatibilities with other polymers present in concrete, such as superplasticizers. The present study highlights effects of the joint application of different types of starches and polycarboxylates with respect to their influence on cement hydration and structural build-up of cement pastes.

Productivity of natural phytocenoses of the Namsky agrolandscape in Yakutia under organic and mineral nutrition regimes

The results of the study of the productivity potential of natural phytocenoses of different species composition in the Namsky agrolandscape of the middle taiga subzone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. The research was conducted in 2009-2016. The soils of the experimental plot are permafrost soils with a thin humus layer. The effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the productivity of steppe meadows was studied. On herb-grass, wheatgrass, steppificated phytocenoses the following practices of organo-mineral nutrition of plants were used: control (no fertilizer); humus 20 t/ha; humus 20 t/ha once every 4 years + N60P60K60 annually; N30P30K30 annually; humus 20 t/ha annually. The optimum rates of organic and mineral nutrients to improve the productivity potential of natural steppe meadows have been established. The highest productivity potential in the Namsky agrolandscape was obtained with the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers (humus 20 t/ha once every 4 years + N60P60K60 annually). On herb-grass and wheatgrass phytocenoses hay yield reached 23.0-24.1 c/ha. Yield per 1 ha of metabolizable energy was 27.0-22.4 GJ, fodder units 1472-1663, crude protein 336-371 kg. The content of digestible protein in 1 fodder unit in herb-grass was 92 g, in wheatgrass - 102 g. The annual application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of 60 kg/ha of the active substance provided a 2-fold increase in the productivity of natural phytocenoses, depending on agroclimatic conditions of the growing season. The influence of mineral fertilizers and their joint application with organic fertilizers on the yield of natural phytocenoses is statistically reliable, which indicates the possibility of regulating the productivity of steppificated phytocenoses.

Investigation of the Effectiveness of an Augmented Reality and a Dynamic Simulation System Collaboration in Oil Pump Maintenance

The maintenance of oil pumps is a complex task for any operating organization, and for an industrial enterprise in the oil and gas sector of the economy, this issue has a high degree of urgency. One of the reasons for this is a wide spread of pumping equipment in all areas of oil and gas enterprises. At the same time, an aggressive environment, uneven load, remote facilities, and harsh climatic zones (especially in the areas of the Arctic region or production platforms) are factors that make it relevant to develop special systems that help or simplify the maintenance of pumping equipment. Dynamic modeling is one of the modern technologies which allows for solving the urgent issue of assessing the technical condition of equipment. It is the basis of systems that carry out diagnostics and prognostic calculations and allow for assessing the dynamic state of objects under various conditions of their operation, among other functions. Augmented reality technology is a technology that allows for reducing the time for equipment maintenance by reducing the time for searching and processing various information required in the maintenance process. This paper presents an investigation of the effectiveness of an augmented reality and a dynamic simulation system collaboration in oil pump maintenance. Since there is insufficient research on the joint application of these two technologies, the urgent issue is to prove the effectiveness of such collaboration. For this purpose, this paper provides a description of the system structure, gives a description of the development process of the augmented reality system application and tests the application using Microsoft HoloLens 2.

SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO APLICADO AO MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO EM ÁREAS COM ESCASSEZ DE DADOS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM PIVÔ CENTRAL EM ITATINGA-SP

SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO APLICADO AO MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO EM ÁREAS COM ESCASSEZ DE DADOS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM PIVÔ CENTRAL EM ITATINGA-SP* PEDRO HENRIQUE JANDREICE MAGNONI1; CÉSAR DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA SILVA1 E RODRIGO LILLA MANZIONE2 1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista", Avenida Universitária, n° 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes, 780, CEP 17602496, Tupã – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. *Este artigo é proveniente das dissertações de mestrado dos dois primeiros autores. 1 RESUMO Ferramentas baseadas em sensoriamento remoto possibilitam o monitoramento do balanço hídrico da água em diferentes resoluções espaciais e temporais. Ainda assim, modelos que exigem dados in-situ impossibilitam sua aplicação em áreas com escassez de dados. No sentido de lidar com esse desafio, o presente trabalho apresenta uma abordagem de escolha do momento de irrigar, pelo balanço hídrico da água no solo, baseada em estimativa da evapotranspiração real (ETA) obtida com o uso conjunto de imagens multiespectrais do sensor MSI/SENTINEL-2 e dados de uma estação meteorológica pública. A área de estudo foi um pivô central localizado no munícipio de Itatinga-SP. Para a tomada de decisão do momento de irrigar, com base em um manejo por lâmina de irrigação fixa, foi feita a interpolação da fração evapotranspirativa entre os dias com imagens disponíveis para obter a ETA nos dias sem imagens por meio do seu produto com a evapotranspiração de referência. Essa abordagem captou variações climáticas essenciais para a estimativa do balanço hídrico em dias sem imagem. Destaca-se nessa aplicação conjunta sua capacidade de ser realizada sem necessitar de parâmetros específicos da cultura, do microclima ou do relevo, tornando-se interessante para regiões com escassez de dados. Palavras-chave: evapotranspiração, momento de irrigar, agriwater. MAGNONI, P. H. J.; SILVA, C. O. F.; MANZIONE, R. L. REMOTE SENSING APPLIED TO IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN AREAS WITH LACK OF DATA: A CASE STUDY IN A CENTRAL PIVOT IN ITATINGA-SP 2 ABSTRACT Remote sensing-based tools allow the monitoring of water budgets over different spatial and temporal resolutions. Nevertheless, some models require in situ data, preventing their application in areas with a lack of data. To address this challenge, this work presents an approach for irrigation scheduling, based on soil water budget estimation using actual evapotranspiration (ETA) obtained using MSI/SENTINEL-2 multispectral images and data from a public meteorological station. The study area consisted of a central pivot located in the municipality of Itatinga-SP, Brazil. For decision-making of irrigation scheduling, considering a fixed irrigation rate, the evapotranspiration fraction was interpolated between the days with available images to obtain the ETA on the days without images using its product with the reference evapotranspiration. This approach captured essential climate variations for estimating the water budget on non-image days. Noteworthy in this joint application is its suitability to be performed not requiring crop-, microclimate- or relief-specific parameters, making it useful for regions with a lack of data. Keywords: evapotranspiration, irrigation scheduling, agriwater.

EFFECT OF THE ORDER OF APPLICATION OF COPPER AND ZINC COMPOUNDS ON CATALYTIC ACTIVITY IN CO-OXIDATION REACTION

На основе алюмохромового носителя экстракционно-пиролитическим методом (ЭПМ) синтезирована серия медь-цинк-содержащих катализаторов, проанализировано влияние порядка внесения активных компонентов (меди и цинка) на качественный и количественный состав формирующихся фаз, а также глубину размещения в гранулах носителя, структурно-прочностные и каталитические свойства образцов в процессе окисления СО кислородом воздуха.Рассчитанные значения энергии активации и предэкспоненциального множителя показали, что порядок внесения активных компонентов оказывает влияние на кинетические параметры: наилучшие результаты наблюдаются в образцах, полученных совместной пропиткой алюмохромового носителя. Константы скорости реакции окисления СО (k), рассчитанные во всем температурном диапазоне более, чем в 2 раза выше, чем при совместном внесении компонентов.С помощью электронно-зондового микроанализа изучена текстура поверхности катализаторов ЭПМ, установлено, что не смотря на порядок внесения, технология ЭПМ позволяет получать однородную текстуру - поверхность катализаторов характеризуется слоистостью с частицами чешуйчатой структуры с минимальным размером частиц во всех случаях 0,4 мкм, максимальным 3-4 мкм. Совместное внесение Zn и Cu обеспечивает равномерное распределение компонентов по сечению гранул катализаторов.Результаты работы могут быть применимы для построения технологии эффективных медь-цинковых катализаторов для процессов окисления. Область применения катализаторов – комплексная очистка многокомпонентных газовых смесей. A series of copper-zinc-containing catalysts was synthesized on the aluminum - chromium oxides base by the extraction -pyrolytic method (EPM), the effect of the order application active components (copper and zinc) on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the formed phases, as well as the depth of placement in the granules of the baser, structural strength and catalytic properties of samples during oxidation with air oxygen was analyzed.The calculated values of the activation energy and the pre-exponential multiplier showed that the order of application active components has an effect on the kinetic parameters: the best results are observed in samples obtained by joint impregnation of an alumochrome carrier. The rate constants oxidation CO (k) calculated over the entire temperature range are more than 2 times higher when the components added together.Using electron probe microanalysis, the surface texture of the EPM catalysts was studied, it was found that, despite the order of application, the EPM technology allows to obtain a homogeneous texture - the surface of the catalysts is characterized by layering with particles of a scaly structure with a minimum particle size of 0.4 microns in all cases, and maximum 3-4 microns. The joint application of Zn and Cu ensures an even distribution of the components over the cross section of the catalyst granules.The results of the work can be applied to build a technology of effective copper-zinc catalysts for oxidation processes. The scope of application of catalysts is complex purification of multicomponent gas mixtures.

Inhibitors of Corrosion Induced by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Currently, a lot of researcher’s attention is devoted to the problem of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), since it causes huge damages to the economy, initiating the destruction of oil and gas pipelines and other underground constructions. To protect industrial materials from MIC effects an organic chemical inhibitors are massively used. However, the problem of their use is associated with toxicity, dangerous for the environment that caused the need for development the alternative methods of MIC repression. At the review, the data about different types of inhibitors-biocides usage has provided. The chemical inhibitors features are given and the mechanisms of their protective action are considered. The screening results and use of alternative and eco-friendly methods for managing the effect of corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are highlighted. Methods of joint application of chemical inhibitors and enhancers, such as chelators, biosurfactants, which contribute to reducing the concentration of chemical inhibitors, are discussed. The possibility of disruption of the quorum sensing interaction in the bacterial community to prevent the biofilm formation is considered. The information about the use of natural plant extracts, food waste, as well as by-products of agro-industrial production to combat MIC is provided. The development of biological corrosion control methods (to combat MIC) is of great importance for creating the best alternative and eco-friendly approaches to managing the effect of corrosion caused by SRB. The analysis of the literature data indicates the need to find the best alternatives and environmentally friendly solutions.

Assessing and Improving the Eco-Efficiency of Manufacturing: Learning and Challenges from a Polish Case Study

Manufacturing offers substantial opportunities for economic growth after COVID-19, as long as it delivers competitively priced goods while simultaneously reducing pressure on the environment. In this study, we present the methodological feasibility of the joint application of life cycle assessment (LCA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) for assessing eco-efficiency at the sector level. We employ this methodology to assess the environmental profiles of manufacturing in Poland in relation to their gross value added, and subsequently calculate the improvement targets for the eco-inefficient manufacturing industries. The study reveals that only the chemical industry is relatively eco-efficient, whereas the remaining industries have considerable room for improvement due to their very low eco-efficiency, and thus should follow the best practices established by the chemical industry. Although there are always individual paths for manufacturing industries to achieve the decoupling of economic growth from environmental pressure, activities such as the transformation of manufacturing methods to be less energy and material intensive and/or to be low-emission, the reincorporation of waste into the manufacturing processes, and the implementation of environmental management systems should become common targets of manufacturing in Poland.

Iodine and Selenium Biofortification of Chervil Plants Treated with Silicon Nanoparticles

Production of functional food with high levels of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) obtained via plant biofortification shows significant difficulties due to the complex interaction between the two elements. Taking into account the known beneficial effect of silicon (Si) on plant growth and development, single and joint foliar biofortification of chervil plants with potassium iodide (150 mg L−1) and sodium selenate (10 mg L−1) was carried out in a pot experiment with and without Si nanoparticles foliar supplementation. Compared to control plants, nano-Si (14 mg L−1) increased shoot biomass in all treatments: by 4.8 times with Si; by 2.8 times with I + Si; by 5.6 times with Se + Si; by 4.0 times with I + Se + Si. The correspondent increases in root biomass were 4.5, 8.7, 13.3 and 10.0 times, respectively. The growth stimulation effect of Se, I and I + Se treatments resulted in a 2.7, 3.5 and 3.6 times increase for chervil shoots and 1.6, 3.1 and 8.6 times for roots, respectively. Nano-Si improved I biofortification levels by twice, while I and Se enhanced the plant content of each other. All treatments decreased nitrate levels, compared to control, and increased the photopigment accumulation. Improvement of total antioxidant activity and phenolic content was recorded only under the joint application of Se + I + Si. Foliar nano-Si treatment affected other element content in plants: decreased Na+ accumulation in single and joint supplementation with Se and I, restored Fe, Mn and Cr amount compared to the decreased levels recorded in separately Se and I fortified plants and promoted Al accumulation both with or without Se and I biofortification. The results of this research suggest high prospects of foliar nano-Si supply for enhancing both growth and joint I/Se biofortification of chervil.