scholarly journals La dimensión territorial del riesgo urbano en Caracas: características y alcances. Una propuesta integradora para pensar el riesgo en una realidad socio-espacial compleja

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Julien Rebotier

Las mutaciones urbanas contemporáneas, en particular en países del Sur, hacen del riesgo mucho más que un mero objeto de estudio. Además de una contextualización necesaria para poder pensar su construcción en el espacio urbano, según aspectos materiales e inmateriales, es importante subrayar la dimensión causal del riesgo urbano en la construcción del espacio urbano. Los enfoques sectoriales y técnicos de estudio de riesgo no permiten abarcar ampliamente dicha complejidad. Afianzar la construcción territorial y construcción de riesgos en una combinación sistémica ayuda a explorar las relaciones complejas entre territorios y riesgos urbanos. El análisis de un “contexto geográfico” dentro del cual se articulan situaciones de riesgo entonces historizadas, en calidad de “momentos geográficos”, favorece la comprensión de las condiciones de construcción de los riesgos. Estudiar la dimensión territorial del riesgo urbano en Caracas permite fundamentar y articular en un trabajo de campo diferentes influencias epistemológicas mediante la asociación de enfoques territoriales y de una postura constructivista y eminentemente social. Los territorios de riesgo urbano son la traducción geográfica de un orden social a través de una categoría unánime y poco cuestionable: el riesgo urbano. Uno no se limita a un estudio local circunscrito en el espacio, sino que se puede valer de una lectura geopolítica, muy reveladora del orden socio-espacial que caracteriza el contexto urbano. Elaborar una metodología de reflexión a propósito del riesgo partiendo de los retos planteados por la realidad socio-ambiental urbana es una manera de cuestionar las ciencias sociales, su epistemología y su práctica, afirmándose la vocación crítica de dichas ciencias.Abstract: Current urban transformations, especially in southern countries, turn risk into something more complex than a mere topic. “Making context” is a key point to think about risk construction in urban space, as regards both material and intangible aspects, and it is important to underline the place of urban risk in the construction of urban space. Fragmental and technical surveys of risks do not allow us to take into account such a complex relationship. By merging territorial and risk constructions into a systemic model, we hope to know better the territory / risk interactions. The analysis of “geographical context” where historicized situations of risks can take place as a “geographical moment” makes the understanding of conditions of risk construction easier. Based on fieldwork, the study of territorial dimensions of urban risk in Caracas is a way to strengthen and articulate different epistemological perspective. It has been the opportunity to articulate territorial approaches and socio-historical ones. Territories of urban risks are a geographical translation of a social order based on a unanimous and hard-toquestion category: urban risks. This is not just a limited study isolated in space. It is rather a way to put forward a geopolitics approach, very meaningful about the urban socio-spatial order at stake. Drawing a methodology about risk analysis which starts from the challenges of the urban socio-environmental reality is a way to question social sciences, their epistemological basis, and it is also a way to strengthen their critical aspects.Résumé : Les mutations urbaines contemporaines, en particulier dans les pays du Sud, font du risque beaucoup plus qu’un simple objet d’étude. En plus d’une contextualisation nécessaire pour penser sa construction dans l’espace urbain, selon des aspects matériels et immatériels, il est important de souligner la dimension causale du risque urbain dans la construction de l’espace urbain. Les approches sectorielles et techniques du risque ne permettent pas d’embrasser une telle complexité. Associer la construction territoriale et la construction des risques dans un modèle systémique aide à explorer les relations complexes entre territoires et risques urbains. L’analyse d’un “contexte géographique” dans lequel s’articulent des situations de risque alors historicisées, en tant que “moments géographiques”, favorise la compréhension des conditions de construction des risques. Étudier la dimension territoriale du risque urbain à Caracas permet d’assoir et d’articuler, sur un travail de terrain, différentes influences épistémologiques grâce à l’association d’approches territoriales et d’une posture constructiviste et éminemment sociale. Les territoires de risque urbain sont la traduction géographique d’un ordre social par le biais d’une catégorie unanime et difficile à remettre en question: le risque urbain. On ne se limite pas à une étude ponctuelle circonscrite dans l’espace, mais on peut valoriser une lecture géopolitique, très révélatrice de l’ordre socio-spatial qui caractérise le contexte urbain. Elaborer une méthodologie d’étude du risque en partant des défis posés par la réalité socioenvironnementale urbaine est un moyen de mettre en question les sciences sociales, leur épistémologie, et leurs pratiques, en affirmant toujours plus leur vocation critique.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Masdar Hilmy

This article attempts to provide a breakthrough which I call mode of production theory. This theory will be employed to analyze the contemporary phenomenon of radical Islamism. The mode of production theory is meant to bridge the two clashing theoretical paradigms in social sciences and humanities, i.e., Weberian and Marxian. Despite its bridging nature, the paper argues that the two cannot be merged within one single thread. This is because each paradigm has its own epistemological basis which is irreconcilable to one another. Mostly adapted from Marx’s theory, the current theory of the mode of production covers five interrelated aspects, namely social, political, economic, cultural, and symbolic structures. If Marx’s mode of production theory heavily relies on a material and economic basis, the theory used in this paper accommodates cultural and symbolic structures that are Weberian in nature. Although the two paradigms can operate together, the strength of structure (Marxian) overpowers the strength of culture (Weberian). This paper further argues that such cultural-based aspects as ideology, norms, and values play as mobilizing factors under a big schematic dominant structure in the rise and development of the radical Islamist groups.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ângelo Ribeiro

O objetivo que permeia a presente pesquisa é utilizar a Fortaleza de Santa Cruz, localizada no bairro de Jurujuba, em Niterói, construída em 1555, na entrada da barra da Baía de Guanabara, como foco de antílise, ressaltando a importância deste fixo social enquanto atração turística e de lazer, incluindo a cidade de Niterói no circuito destas atividades, complementares à cidade do Rio de Janeiro; além de abordar conceitos e categorias analíticas, oriundos das ciências sociais, principalmente provenientes da Geografia, pertinentes ao estudo das atividades em tela. Neste contexto, na dinâmica espacial da cidade de Niterói, o processo de mudança de função dos fixos sociais têm sido extraordinário. Residencias unifamiliares, prédios e até mesmo fortificações militares, verdadeiras monumentalidades, foram refuncionalizadas, passando por um processo de turistificação. Assim, a refuncionalização da respectiva Fortaleza em espaço cultural toma-se um importante atrativo da história, do patrimônio, da cultura, marcando no espaço urbano sua expressões e monumentalidade, criada pelo homem como símbolo de seus ideais, objetivos e atos, constituindo-se em um legado as gerações futuras, formando um elo entre passado, presente e futuro. Abstract This paper focuses on Santa Cruz Fortress, built in 1555 in Jurujuba (Niterói), to guard the entrance of Guanabara bay, and stresses its role as a towist attraction and leisure' area, as a social fix which links the city of Niterói to the complementary circuit of these activities in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study uses important concepts and analytic categories fiom social sciences, particularly fiom Geography.In the spatial dynamic of the city of Niterói, change in functions of social fuces has been extraordinary. Single-family dwellings, buildings and even military installations have been re-functionalized, undergoing a process of touristification. In that way, the refunctionalization of the Fortress as a cultural space provides an important attraction in the domains of history, patrimony, and culture, providing the urban space with an expression of monumentality, created by man as a symbol of his ideals, aims and actions, a legacy to future generations forming a link between past, present and future.


Humanities ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Elisavet Ioannidou

Examining the ambivalent place of the sideshow and the laboratory within Victorian culture and its reimaginings, this essay explores the contradiction between the narratively orchestrating role and peripheral location of the sideshow in Leslie Parry’s Church of Marvels (2015) and the laboratory in NBC’s Dracula (2013–2014), reading these neo-Victorian spaces as heterotopias, relational places simultaneously belonging to and excluded from the dominant social order. These spaces’ impacts on individual identity illustrate this uneasy relationship. Both the sideshow and the laboratory constitute sites of resignification, emerging as “crisis heterotopias” or sites of passage: in Parry’s novel, the sideshow allows the Church twins to embrace their unique identities, surpassing the limitations of their physical resemblance; in Dracula, laboratory experiments reverse Dracula’s undead condition. Effecting reinvention, these spaces reconfigure the characters’ senses of belonging, propelling them to places beyond their confines, and thus projecting the latter’s heterotopic qualities onto the city. Potentially harmful, yet opening up urban space to include identities which are considered aberrant, these relocations envision the city as a “heterotopia of compensation”: an alternative, possibly idealized, space that reifies the sideshow’s and the laboratory’s attempts to achieve greater extroversion and visibility for their liminal occupants, thus fostering neo-Victorianism’s outreach efforts to support the disempowered.


Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Pierre Tripier

La obra de Andrew Abbott está asociada al descubrimiento de al menos tres procesos estructurales, que conciernen a las profesiones, a las trayectorias laborales y a la evolución fractal de las declaraciones de las ciencias sociales. Esas estructuras se encuentran afectadas por la contingencia, por el hecho de que “el mundo es un mundo de eventos” que relativiza, construye y reconstruye dichos procesos. Para el arte de la guerra, el evento como expresión de la contingencia y el desarrollo de las teorías de manera fractal constituyen igualmente elementos centrales. Además, este arte comparte con Andrew Abbott la crítica a los defectos del pensamiento.Abstract: The work of Andrew Abbott is associated to the discovery of at least three structural processes dealing with professions, academic trajectories and the fractal evolution of social sciences declarations. These structures often result modified by contingencies, by the fact that “the world is a world of events”, which puts into perspective, build and rebuild theses processes. For the Art of the War, the event as an expression of the contingency and the fractal-like development of theories also constitute central elements. In addition, this art shares with Andrew Abbott the critic towards thinking flaws.Résumé : Le travail d’Andrew Abbott est associé à la découverte d’au moins trois processus structurels qui traitent des professions, des trajectoires académiques, et de l’évolution fractale des déclarations des sciences sociales. Ces structures se trouvent modifiées par la contingence, par le fait de que le monde est un « monde d’effets » qui relativise, construit et reconstruit ces processus. Pour l’Art de la guerre, l’événement en tant que expression de la contingence et le développement des théories de manière fractale constituent également des éléments centraux. De plus, cet art partage avec Andrew Abbot la critique vers les défauts de la pensée.


Author(s):  
Alex Galeno ◽  
Fagner Torres de França

The article intends to revisit the contribution of the french thinker Edgar Morin (1921-) to the construction of a plural and open method of research in Social Sciences. We will have as theoretical-epistemological basis the sociology of the present, an approach of social phenomena developed by the author during three decades, from the 1940s to the 1970s, constituting the matrix of complex thinking. The present work defends the idea that the central categories of the present sociology, such as phenomenon, crisis and event, as well as the so-called living method of empirical research are still fundamental today in the sense of proposing an opening of the social sciences to phenomena increasingly more complex and multidimensional. This presupposes the researcher's subjective and objective engagement, narrative ability, and sensitivity to grasp revealing detail.


1968 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 199-212

Cette bibliographie a été prépa rée par le Service d'Échange d'Infor mations Scientifiques de la Maison des Sciences de l'Honmme à Paris, sous la responsabilité de Mme M.F. Essyad, et prend la suite de celle qui a été publiée dans le volume 6 (6), décembre 1967. Elle recense les prin cipales études qui traitent explicite ment de concepts utilisés dans les sciences sociales. Ces concepts sont présentés en français et en anglais de manière à faciliter un dépistage dans ces deux langues.


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