RECOVERY OF SEWER PIPELINES USING ANCHOR POLYETHYLENE SHEETS

Raising of problem. Microbiological corrosion, which occurs as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms in wastewater, causes the destruction of the vaulted part and significantly reduces the service life of reinforced concrete and concrete drainage pipelines. Partially destroyed pipelines of sewerage networks, operating in various hydrogeological conditions, often at great depths, must be restored using materials that can ensure the reliability of further operation in conditions of microbiological corrosion, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. These are primarily polymer-based materials. The open method of repair and restoration work on sewer pipelines has significant advantages over trenchless, if their depth is insignificant and urban transport and pedestrian arteries do not interfere with the work. Thus, the development of a technology for repair and restoration of reinforced concrete and concrete collectors destroyed by microbiological corrosion using modern materials based on polymers is an urgent task. Purpose. Development of technology and sequence of repair and restoration work for the restoration of the destroyed vaulted part of sewer reinforced concrete and concrete pipelines by an open method using pneumatic formwork and protective anchor polyethylene sheets. Conclusion. As a result of the research, a technology and sequence of repair and restoration work was developed to restore sewer reinforced concrete and concrete collectors from 5 stages, including the stage of cleaning the collector from corrosion products and destroyed parts, installation of a pneumatic formwork and an anchor polyethylene sheet in the surviving chute part of the collector, installation of metal inventory formwork, restoration by concreting the arch on top of the anchor polyethylene sheet and dismantling of the pneumatic and metal inventory formwork.

Astigmatism Correction during Femtosecond Laser-assisted Transepithelial Arcuate Keratotomy Using the Wound Open Method

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare corneal astigmatism correction between “wound open” and “wound intact” methods during femtosecond laser-assisted transepithelial arcuate keratotomy.Methods: From April 2016 to December 2018, a retrospective survey was conducted on patients undergoing femtosecond laser cataract surgery at the Ophthalmology Department of Samsung Medical Center. Size comparison and vector analysis of corneal astigmatism before and after surgery were performed in the wound open and wound intact groups.Results: In the wound open and wound intact groups, the target-induced astigmatism (TIA) was 1.28 ± 0.55; and 1.26 ± 0.29 diopters, the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was 0.80 ± 0.52; and 0.53 ± 0.32 diopters, and the correction index (CI) was 0.63 ± 0.28; and 0.43 ± 0.26, respectively. The astigmatism correction was superior in the wound open group (p = 0.048, p = 0.025). In a subgroup with TIA < 1.2 diopters, there were no significant differences in SIA or CI between the two groups; however, in the subgroup with a TIA > 1.2 diopters, the SIA was 1.09 ± 0.59; and 0.54 ± 0.37 diopters and the CI was 0.60 ± 0.28; and 0.36 ± 0.23 in the wound open and wound intact groups, respectively (p = 0.022, p = 0.047). Thus, astigmatism correction was superior in the wound open group.Conclusions: The wound open method during femtosecond laser-assisted transepithelial arcuate keratotomy was superior for astigmatism correction compared to the wound intact method.

The efficacy of primary closure following incision and drainage of lactational breast abscess over traditional open method

Background: The incidence of breast abscess ranges from 0.4 to 11% of all lactating mothers. Although breast abscess is a serious common complication of mastitis with high morbidity rate, there is a lack of high-quality randomized trial to demonstrate the best treatments.Methods: The Study was conducted in the Department of Surgery of Universal medical college and hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and MH Samorita hospital and medical college. It was a randomized controlled trial to see the efficacy of primary closure following incision and drainage of lactational breast abscess over traditional open method. Total 120 population were randomly selected in group A (60 patients) and group B (60 patients) and data was collected with their signed ethical consent. The study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2019. Collected data were classified, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.Results: In patients of group A, most breast abscesses healed successfully with a nicer circumareolar scar, earlier healing, lesser number of hospital visits and lower total cost as compared to patients in group B. There was early resumption of breastfeeding and better patient satisfaction seen in group A.Conclusions: Primary closure of lactational breast abscess following incision and drainage is an effective modality of treatment of lactational breast abscess and it should be the first line of treatment, especially for larger and multilocular breast abscesses while traditional incision and drainage should be reserved for abscesses with gangrenous skin changes, where primary closure is not justified.

A comparative study of the open versus closed method of pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery

Background: The main challenge facing the laparoscopic surgery is the primary abdominal access, as it is usually a blind procedure and associated with many complications including life threading vascular and visceral injuries. Techniques for the creation of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopy include the standard technique of insufflation after insertion of the Veress needle (closed method), open laparoscopy (Hasson technique) and many others.Methods: This is observational study conducted in the department of General surgery, PDUMC, Rajkot from September 2018 to September 2020 comprising of 100 cases, 50 cases from each methods. The patients admitted in our department for Laparoscopic surgery was taken up for the study. The Purpose of our study is to assess the practicality of both methods in creation of pneumoperitoneum and to compare both methods with regards to ease of performance and incidence of complications.Results: Average size of incision (p=-5.426) is more in open method, hence more incidence of minor complications like multiple attempts, gas leak at port site and port site bleeding in open method while less duration for creating pneumoperitoneum (p=0) as compared to closed method. While there is no major complications in either groups.Conclusions: Open technique is as good as closed technique, and is good alternative to closed technique.

Teknik Perawatan Tali Pusat terhadap Pelepasan Tali Pusat

The incidence of infection in newborns (BBL) in Indonesia is 24%-34%. Infection in BBL is the number 2 cause of neonatal death by 49%-60%. Neonatal mortality in developing countries is 50% due to umbilical cord infection, sepsis and neonatal tetanus. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of umbilical cord care in newborns using dry open technique and sterile gauze against umbilical cord rupture. The type of research was pre-experimental post-test only design and the sample of this study was 30 newborns at the Puskesmas with purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted for 3 months. The results showed that the umbilical cord care technique with the dry open method made the umbilical cord detach faster than the sterile gauze method. The time for releasing the umbilical cord with the dry open method took 123.8 hours and the time for releasing the umbilical cord with sterile gauze took 170.8 hours. The results of the analysis showed the significance value of 0.004 and the Levin test result of 138%. Conclusion there is no more effective between sterile gauze and dry open umbilical cord treatment against umbilical cord detachment. Suggestions for midwives and health workers can socialize postpartum mothers in umbilical cord care for newborns using open techniques and sterile gauze.

The role of innovations of technical universities in the providing of technological leadership in the regions

В статье рассматриваются вопросы готовности региональных технических вузов выступить драйверами инновационного развития промышленного региона. Технические университеты рассматриваются как носители инновационного потенциала для экономики региона, способные повысить его конкурентоспособность и инвестиционную привлекательность. Приведен пример разработки высокотехнологичного производства на базе роботизации в угледобывающих предприятиях с открытым способом добычи. The article discusses the readiness of regional technical universities to act as drivers of innovative development of the industrial region. Technical universities are considered as carriers of innovative potential for the economy of the region, which can increase its competitiveness and investment attractiveness. An example of the development of high-tech production based on robotics in coal mining enterprises with an open method of mining is given.

Comparison of the Outcomes of Laparoscopic Approach with Open Method for Primary Ventral Hernia Repair

Aim: To compare the outcomes of laparoscopic approach with open method in patients undergoing primary ventral hernia repair. Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Kuwait Teaching Hospital and Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar during the period of January 2017 to December 2019. Methods: One hundred and ninety patients of both genders with ages ≥18 years were included. All the patients were divided in to two groups, i.e’ Group A consists of 95 patients received open procedure and Group B with 95 patients received laparoscopic approach for primary ventral hernia repair. Outcomes in term of complications, hospital stay and recurrence rate were examined and compare the results between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Results: There were 65 (68.4%) females and 30 (31.6%) males in Group A and in Group B 35 (36.8%) males and 60 (63.2%) females. Mean age of patients in Group A was 40.14±3.31 years and in Group B it was 42.94±8.55 years. In Group B hospital stay was shorter than Group A (3.11±1.20 days Vs 5.9±3.9 days). According to the wound infection we found significant difference between Group A and Group B (12.6% and 4.2%);[p-value <0.05]. In Group A 5.3% patients had developed wound dehiscence while in Group B none of patient found to have wound dehiscence (p-value <0.05). Recurrence rate was also high in Group A 7.4% vs 2.1% in Group B (p=<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that laparoscopic repair of primary ventral hernia is safe and effective with lesser complications as compared to open method. Keywords: Ventral Hernia, Laparoscopic, Open Procedure, Wound Infection, Wound Dehiscence, Recurrence

Conventional versus Modified Tarso-frontalis Suspension Surgery using Targeted Lid Crease for Simple Congenital Blepharoptosis with Poor Levator Action

Introduction: The routine technique of tarso-frontalis suspension surgery for simple congenital blepharoptosis with poor levator action is cosmetically less rewarding due to either an absence or asymmetry of the postoperative eyelid crease. The objective of this study was to assess the eyelid crease quality after a modified open method of tarso-frontalis suspension surgery compared to the closed method. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective comparative study reviewing the case sheets of all the patients undergoing unilateral tarso-frontalis suspension surgery with silicon rod employing Fox pentagon design from September 2017 to February 2019 at Mechi Eye Hospital, Jhapa, Nepal. A review of 40 case sheets of congenital lid ptosis with poor levator function(<4mm) aged 9 years or more was done. Tarso-frontalis suspension surgery, modified with a mini blepharoplasty incision, direct attachment of silicon rod to tarsus, completion of pentagon design with supra-brow incisions, and skin-orbicularis-tarsus-orbicularis-skin suture (open method) was done in 20 cases whereas other 20 cases underwent surgery with supraciliary stab incisions (closed method). Results: The mean age of the patients was 21.1+5.9 years (range 9-30 years). The ptosis amount ranged from 3–10mm. At the 6th postoperative month, most of the cases had good ptosis correction (90% open group, 85% closed group, p=0.74). However, cosmetic outcomes were better in the open group compared to the closed group: 100% symmetrical eyelid crease compared to 40% (p<0.001) and 90% acceptance rate for eyelid contour compared to 70% (p=0.23). Conclusion: Predictable, targeted, and symmetrical lid crease can be obtained using the modified open method of tarso-frontalis suspension surgery.

Nassar operative grade and ultrasonography prediction for difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: ‘Gold standard’ for symptomatic cholelithiasis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with advantagesof minimal access surgery, early return to activity with cosmetic scar. However, this may not always holdtrue in all cases. Conversion to open procedure in challenging circumstances would be in better interest of the patient even after the learning curve of the surgeon has surpassed several years. Methods: Forty patients undergoing symptomatic gall stone disease without any acute episode in past six weeks were investigated. All cases were evaluated with clinical examinations, biochemical parameters and preoperative ultrasonography done a day prior for prediction of difficult LC. All cases correlated with preoperative USG parameters and Nassar per operative grade (1-4 and 5) and analyzed for prediction to open method in difficult challenging situations. Complications associated with in 30 day of surgical interventions were also recorded. Results: Difficult cholecystectomy was anticipated with USG parameters in 20 cases, and Nassar operative grading of difficulty (Grade-3, 4 and 5) predicted in 13 cases; the latter was correlated with conversion to open methods. p<0.05 in USG parameters and Nassar grading of operative difficulty was considered significant. There were no complications nor any surgical interventions required during 30 days interval.Conclusions: Per operative Nassar grading and prior USG parameters for prediction of likelihood of difficult cholecystectomy helps in guiding surgeon in challenging situation to safely proceed to complete cholecystectomy procedure either by laparoscope or open method in the better interest of the patient.