scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE SYNTHESIS OF VERATRYL CYANIDE REQUIRED AS AN INTERMEDIATE FOR THE PREPARATION OF C-9154 ANTIBIOTIC DERIVATIVE FROM VANILIN

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Ila Rosilawati ◽  
Jumina Jumina ◽  
M Muchalal
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Benzyl Bromide ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Veratryl Alcohol ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Bromide Derivative

The synthesis of veratryl cyanide [1-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl acetonitril] required as an intermediate for the preparation of C-9154 antibiotic derivative was carried out. The starting material used was vanilin, while the reaction steps consisted of (1) methylation of vanilin, (2) reduction of veratraldehyde, (3) synthesis of veratryl bromide, and (4) treatment of this bromide with KCN. The analysis of the products was carried out using IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS spectrophotometers.             The methylation of vanilin was conducted using dimethylsulfate and NaOH at 100  oC for 2 hours to give 79.3% yield of veratraldehyde. The reduction of veratraldehyde with LiBH4 in ethanol - THF mixture (1:1 v/v) at reflux for 4 hours afforded veratryl alcohol in 85.3% yield. This veratryl alcohol was treated with red phosphorous and Br2 in CCl4 at 60 oC for 2 hours to give 1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy)-phenyl bromomethane in 67.4% yield, instead of the desired veratryl bromide [1-3,4-dimethoxy)-phenyl bromomethane]. This benzyl bromide derivative was then treated with KCN in the presence of tween 80 as a phase catalyst transsfer in benzene-water solvent system at reflux for 2 hours to yield 1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy)phenyl acetonitril in 58.5%.   Keywords: Vanilin, veratryl cyanide, C-9154 antibiotic derivative

Conversion of glucose into furans in the presence of AlCl3 in an ethanol–water solvent system

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yang ◽  
Changwei Hu ◽  
Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
Keyword(s):  
Solvent System ◽  
Water Solvent

Effect of Cellulose Coating on Properties of Cotton Fabric

2016 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Bandu Madhukar Kale ◽  
Jakub Wiener ◽  
Jiri Militky ◽  
Hafiz Shahzad Maqsood
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Dyeing Properties ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Coated Substrate ◽  
Water Solvent

Cellulose solution was used for coating and it was prepared by dissolving pulp cellulose in Urea-Thiourea-NaOH-Water solvent system. Reactive Red 240 dye was used for dyeing the coated as well as control cotton fabric. The effect of cellulose coating on the dyeing properties of cotton fabric was studied by measuring K/S values of the coated substrate at various concentrations of cellulose and dye. K/S value decreased after coating cellulose on the surface of cotton fabric. The lightness of cotton fabric increased after cellulose coating. SEM micrographs revealed that coated cellulose was attached to cotton fibers. Tensile strength increased after cellulose coating.

Development and Validation of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method for the Estimation of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin in Simulated Intestinal Fluid

2021 ◽  
pp. 2971-2975
Author(s):  
Jai Bharti Sharma ◽  
Sherry Sherry ◽  
Shailendra Bhatt ◽  
Vipin Saini ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Development And Validation

Background: Due to solubility issues of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin, there is a need for the development of a UV-Visible spectrophotometric method that can estimate the drug release precisely and accurately. The addition of surfactant in the dissolution medium in low concentration achieved bio-comparable surface activity and can be used to estimate the drug release from formulations by avoiding sink conditions. Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a simple and précise UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin after oral administration. Method: A UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was developed using an appropriate solvent system for the estimation of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin. The solvent system having simulated intestinal fluid and particular concentration of surfactant was selected and further validated according to guidelines of the international conference on harmonization (ICH), the analytical parameter like linearity, precision and accuracy, etc. were studied. Results: Simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4 with tween 80 at 1 % concentration satisfied all the conditions relative to peak quality at the stated wavelength for curcumin and intestinal fluid pH 7.4 with tween 80 at 0.5% concentration satisfied all the conditions relative to Peak quality at the stated wavelength for tetrahydrocurcumin. The developed methods were found within the range of all the validation parameters. Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be very simple and precise and can be used for routine quantitative analysis of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin.

scholarly journals Pyrolyzing Renewable Sugar and Taurine on the Surface of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Hydroxymethylfurfural Production

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiping Ji ◽  
Jie Fu ◽  
Tianfu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Hydrothermal Stability ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Conversion of biorenewable feedstocks into transportation fuels or chemicals likely necessitates the development of novel heterogeneous catalysts with good hydrothermal stability, due to the nature of highly oxygenated biomass compounds and the prevalence of water as a processing solvent. The use of carbon-based materials, derived from sugars as catalyst precursors, can achieve hydrothermal stability while simultaneously realizing the goal of sustainability. In this work, the simultaneous pyrolysis of glucose and taurine in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), to obtain versatile solid acids, has been demonstrated. Structural and textural properties of the catalysts have been characterized by TEM, TGA, and XPS. Additionally, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has been exploited to elucidate the chemical nature of carbon species deposited on the surface of MWCNTs. Al(OTf)3, a model Lewis acidic metal salt, has been successfully supported on sulfonic groups tethered to MWCNTs. This catalyst has been tested for C6 sugar dehydration for the production of HMF in a tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water solvent system with good recyclability.

scholarly journals Enhanced Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes by a Mushroom Stereum ostrea

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Usha ◽  
K. Praveen ◽  
B. Rajasekhar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Veratryl Alcohol ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Enhanced Production

The white rot fungi Stereum ostrea displayed a wide diversity in their response to supplemented inducers, surfactants, and copper sulphate in solid state fermentation. Among the inducers tested, 0.02% veratryl alcohol increased the ligninolytic enzyme production to a significant extent. The addition of copper sulphate at 300 μM concentration has a positive effect on laccase production increasing its activity by 2 times compared to control. Among the surfactants, Tween 20, Tween 80, and Triton X 100, tested in the studies, Tween 80 stimulated the production of ligninolytic enzymes. Biosorption of dyes was carried out by using two lignocellulosic wastes, rice bran and wheat bran, in 50 ppm of remazol brilliant blue and remazol brilliant violet 5R dyes. These dye adsorbed lignocelluloses were then utilized for the production of ligninolytic enzymes in solid state mode. The two dye adsorbed lignocelluloses enhanced the production of laccase and manganese peroxidase but not lignin peroxidase.

Rapid Isolation Of Native Urokinase From Normal Human Urine

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Huber ◽  
J Kirchheimer ◽  
B R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Rapid Isolation ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Normal Human

Urokinase (UK) has been isolated to complete homogeneity starting mainly from commercially available prepurified preparations. When native human urine was the starting material, high amounts of urine were necessary because of low yields due to time consuming and complicated procedures. Furthermore, without addition of inhibitors a shift to lower molecular weight (Mr) forms could not be avoided. In order to develop a rapid isolation procedure yielding final UK preparations of complete homogeneity and as unaltered as possible, we avoided concentration procedures at the beginning of the preparation as well as antibody columns because of high activity losses and binding of non active UK antigen, respectively, and employed two affinity chromatography steps.Two liters of native human urine were dialysed and adsorbed to gelatine-Sepharose; UK was completely bound and could be eluted with 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer, 0.7M CaCl2, pH 7.4. Active material was pooled, dialysed, and adsorbed to agmatine-Sepharose. Again, activities applied were totally bound and could be eluted with 0.1M phosphate buffer, 0.4M KC1, pH=7.4. Active material was freeze dried and gel filtrated on Sephadex G-150 in 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer, 1M NaCl, pH=8.0. During the whole isolation procedure Tween-80 (0.1%) was used in the buffer systems. Gelatine (0.02%) was present during dialysis. The procedure resulted in a UK preparation with a Mr=56.000 (SDS-PAGE) of complete homogeneity, and with a yield of l0-20% calculated from the starting material. Specific activity was about 16 pmoles of active enzyme per μg of protein (3H-DFP incorporation). The final product cleaved Glu-plasminogen to plasmin with an apparent KM≃lμM and a kcat≃0.5 s-1.The method described is a simple and efficient procedure resulting in a product with a specific activity comparable to those described for completely purified preparations and in a Mr form identic to that predominantly present in native urine.

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