scholarly journals Lithofacies and Sedimentation of Organic Matter in Fine Grained Rocks of Nanggulan Formation in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Donatus Hendra Amijaya ◽  
Najibatul Adibah ◽  
Ahmad Z.A. Ansory
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Gas Source

Fine grained rocks especially shale play a significant role in shale hydrocarbon system. Research on Eocene Nanggulan shale becomes an interest lately since this shale is considered as prospective interval for shale gas source. It potentially contains significant organic matter because coaly sediment is found in this formation as well. Nanggulan Formation fine grained rocks was deposited in various depositional environment from estuary – shallow marine. This paper integrates the result of lithofacies and depositional environment analysis with organic geochemical data to understand the sedimentation process of organic matter. Samples were taken from cores. The result of 14 geochemically analysed samples shows Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content between 0.36–1.00 % for fin e grained rocks (shales) and 12.80 % for coaly shales. Nine samples are categorized as fair and 2 samples are categorized as good source rock. The depositional environment of Nanggulan Formation sediment, which was shallow marine at Late Eocene and estuary (salt marsh) at Early Eocene, produced sediment with higher TOC. Whereas the deposition of sediment in estuary (tidal flat) at Middle Eocene produced lower content of TOC. Vulcanic activity at Middle Eocene also caused less organic material preservation because it produced abundant inorganic material.

Lithofacies, Depositional Environment and Diagenetic Evolution of the Paleocene Patala Formation, Potwar Basin, Pakistan: Implication for Shale Gas Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasar Khan ◽  
Rudy Swennen ◽  
Gert Jan Weltje ◽  
Irfan Ullah Jan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Potwar Basin ◽  
Diagenetic Evolution ◽  
Reservoir Assessment ◽  
Gas Potential

<p><span><strong>Abstract:</strong> Reservoir assessment of unconventional reservoirs poses numerous exploration challenges. These challenges relate to their fine-grained and heterogeneous nature, which are ultimately controlled by depositional and diagenetic processes. To illustrate such constraints on shale gas reservoirs, this study focuses on lithofacies analysis, paleo-depositional and diagenetic evolution of the Paleocene Patala Formation at Potwar Basin of Pakistan. Integrated sedimentologic, petrographic, X-ray diffraction and TOC (total organic carbon) analyses showed that the formation contained mostly fine-grained carbonaceous, siliceous, calcareous and argilaceous siliciclastic-lithofacies, whereas carbonate microfacies included mudstone, wackestone and packstone. The silicious and carbonaceous lithofacies are considered a potential shale-gas system. The clastic lithofacies are dominated by detrital and calcareous assemblage including quartz, feldspar, calcite, organic matter and clay minerals with auxiliary pyrites and siderites. Fluctuations in depositional and diagenetic conditions caused  lateral and vertical variability in lithofacies. Superimposed on the depositional heterogeneity are spatially variable diagenetic modifications such as dissolution, compaction, cementation and stylolitization. The δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N stable isotopes elucidated that the formation has been deposited under anoxic conditions, which relatively enhanced the preservation of mixed marine and terrigenous organic matter. Overall, the Patala Formation exemplifies deposition in a shallow marine (shelfal) environment with episodic anoxic conditions.</span></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong> Lithofacies, Organic Matter, Paleocene, Potwar Basin, Shale Gas, Shallow Marine.</p>

scholarly journals ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS PROXIES OF THE SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF THE MARICÁ-GUARAPINA LAGOON SYSTEM (SE, BRAZIL)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazaro Laut ◽  
Maria Virgina Alves Martins ◽  
Pierre Belart ◽  
Maria Lucia Lorini ◽  
Iara Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lagoon System ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Anthropogenic Contribution

Bottom sediment is a natural trap for organic matter and different kinds of pollutants. The accumulation of large amount of organic matter gives rise to the eutrophication of the aquatic ecosystems. The analyses of the quantity and quality of the organic matter (biopolymers) help to determine the trophic status of coastal ecosystems. The Maricá-Guarapina Lagoon System (MGLS) is located in Rio de Janeiro and is composed by four connected lagoons: Maricá, Barra, Padre and Guarapina. It has been suffering impacts due to the intense and uncontrolled property speculation. Based on this problem, this study aimed to characterize the organic matter (OM) amount and quality in sediments and the relation with the impacted areas in this lagoon system. The collected sediment samples were analyzed for geochemical data combined with grain size and physical-chemical environmental parameters of the bottom water. Statistical results evidenced that the sedimentary environment of the MGLS is heterogenous. The organic matter supplied to the MGLS is provided from different sources but the autochthonous contribution (phytoplanktonic productivity and vegetal detritus from the mangrove fringe) prevails. The anthropogenic contribution was more evident in Padre Lagoon, where the sediments had relatively low TOC contents (0.1-0.8%). The MGLS is accumulating mainly aged organic matter. The most impacted zones were found in Guarapina, Barra and Maricá lagoons, in bottoms of fine-grained sediments, with relatively high TOC and labile biopolymeric compounds (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) contents, which should evolve into an ever-increasing stage of eutrophication. COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS USADOS COMO INDICADORES DA QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL SEDIMENTAR DO SISTEMA LAGUNAR MARICÁ-GUARAPINA (SE DO BRASIL)ResumoO sedimento de fundo constitui uma armadilha natural para a matéria orgânica e diferentes tipos de poluentes. O acúmulo de grande quantidade de matéria orgânica dá origem à eutrofização dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Estimativas de quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica (biopolímeros) podem ajudar a determinar o estado trófico dos ecossistemas costeiros. O Sistema Lagunar de Maricá-Guarapina (MGLS), localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SE do Brasil), é composto por quatro lagunas interconectadas: Maricá, Barra, Padre e Guarapina. Este sistema tem sofrido impactos devido à intensa e descontrolada especulação imobiliária. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a quantidade e qualidade de matéria orgânica (MO) dos sedimentos do MGLS. Foram obtidos dados geoquímicos e confrontados com resultados granulométricos em amostras de sedimentos coletados em 22 estações de amostragem e analisados parâmetros físico-químicos da água. Os resultados estatísticos evidenciaram que o ambiente sedimentar do MGLS é heterogêneo. Este sistema recebe matéria orgânica de diferentes fontes, sendo, porém, prevalecente a contribuição autóctone (produtividade fitoplanctônica e detritos vegetais dos manguezais existentes na região). A contribuição antropogênica de matéria orgânica foi mais evidente na Lagoa do Padre, onde os sedimentos apresentaram teores de COT relativamente baixos (0,1-0,8%). As zonas mais impactadas foram encontradas em fundos de sedimentos finos, com teores relativamente elevados de COT e de compostos biopoliméricos lábeis (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios), nas lagunas de Guarapina, Barra e Maricá. Os resultados obtidos revelam também que o MGLS está acumulando principalmente matéria orgânica envelhecida e permitem prever que as referidas áreas podem evoluir para um estágio de cada vez maior grau de eutrofização.Palavras-chave: Lagunas Costeiras Tropicais. Biopolímeros. Eutrofização. Dinâmica Sedimentar.

scholarly journals The Paleogene Tectonostratigraphy Of Northern Part Masalima Trench Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Luhut Pardamean Siringoringo ◽  
Dardji Noeradi
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Basin Formation ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Seismic Sections ◽  
Well Data

Northern part of Masalima Trench Basin is located in the southern part of the Strait of Makassar, which includes Masalima Trough and Massalima High. The area of research is an extension of the South Makassar Basin which extends from South Makassar Basin to the Northeast part of Java Sea. Subsurface data are used such as 2D seismic sections (21 lines) and data drilling wells (2 wells) to understand the tectonic structure in the basin formation and understand the stratigraphic order of basin. Based on well data can be known that Northern part Masalima Trench Basin is aborted rift because marked by post rift phase. Northern part Masalima Trench Basin was formed by normal faults which have trend northeast-southwest with  pre rift, early syn rift, late syn rift, and post rift sediment geometry. Early syn rift sediment was Middle Eocene, late syn rift sediment was Middle Eocene till Early Oligocene and post rift sediment was Early Oligocene till Early Miocene. The Depositional environment of early syn rift phase such as beach, shallow marine, and land. The Depositional environment of late syn rift phase such as beach till deep marine, and the depositional environment of post rift is deep marine.

scholarly journals Paleogene extension in the Northern Aegean: Colluvial/debris flow deposits of the Early-Middle Eocene in NW Thrace Basin, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Akgündüz ◽  
Hayrettin Koral
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Thrace Basin ◽  
Nw Turkey

The Thrace Basin consists of Paleogene–Neogene deposits that lie in the lowland south of the Strandja highlands in NW Turkey, where metagranitic and metasedimentary rocks occur. The Akalan Formation consisting of colluvial fan/debris flow deposits represents the base of the sequence in the northern Thrace basin where it is bounded by a right lateral strike-slip oblique fault called “The Western Strandja Fault Zone”. This formation exhibits a coarse-grained, angular and grain-supported character close to the fault zone which has releasing-bends. Fine-grained, rounded, and matrix-supported sediments occur away from the contact. During this study, the Akalan Formation is described for the first time as having larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) of Coskinolina sp of Ypresian–Lutetian, Nummulites obesus of early Lutetian, Dictyoconus egyptiensis of Lutetian, Orbitolites sp. of Ypresian–Bartonian, Miliola sp of early–middle Eocene, Idalina grelaudae of early Lutetian–Priabonian, Ammobaculites agglutinans, Amphimorphina crassa, Dentalina sp., Nodosaria sp., Operculina sp., Lenticulina sp., Quinqueloculina sp. and Amphistegina sp. of Eocene. This unit passes upward with a conformity into reefal limestones of the middle/late Eocene–early Oligocene Soğucak Formation. At times, the limestone overlies the conformity, there is an indication of a prograding sedimentary sequence. The new stratigraphic, paleontological, sedimentological and structural findings related to the NW Thrace Basin suggest a strong transtensional/extensional tectonic control for the initial Paleogene sedimentary deposition during the Ypresian–Lutetian period as shown by fossil content of the Akalan Formation. Right lateral-slip extensional tectonics appears to have had activity during the middle–late Eocene transgressive deposition of the Soğucak Formation when the basin became deepened and enlarged.

Late Permian (Tatarian) fluvio-lacustrine successions in NW Anatolia (Zonguldak Terrane, Turkey): palaeogeographic implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
CENGİZ OKUYUCU ◽  
TATYANA K. DIMITROVA ◽  
MEHMET CEMAL GÖNCÜOĞLU ◽  
İBRAHİM GEDİK
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Variscan Belt ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
East European ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Palynological Assemblages

AbstractLate Permian fluvio-lacustrine successions of the Çakraz Formation in the Zonguldak Terrane between the regions of Akçakoca and Ereğli were investigated in order to describe the litho- and biostratigraphic properties and explain the depositional environment. The studied succession with black, dark-grey to greenish-grey shales, siltstones and limestones is named the Alaplı Member to distinguish it from the classical red clastic successions, which are tentatively named the Ereğli Member of the Çakraz Formation. The organic-rich black shales, mudstones and limestones of the Alaplı Member yielded palynological assemblages suggesting a Lopingian (Tatarian) age. The lack of any marine macro- or microfossils, the fine-grained character of the lithofacies with abundant plant material and the association of poorly sorted conglomerates in the middle part of the succession indicate possible deposition in a broad range of fluvial and lacustrine environments. Successions of similar age and depositional environment are known from the East European Variscan Belt in Bulgaria and Romania. Common successions were also developed in actively extending shallow-marine platforms on the NW Palaeotethyan margin at the end of the Permian Period.

The incidence of unusual test morphologies of Eocene Larger benthic foraminifera: An example of Paleogene Adriatic Carbonate Platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasta Ćosović ◽  
Jelena Španiček ◽  
Katica Drobne ◽  
Ervin Mrinjek
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Coralline Red Algae ◽  
Larger Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Scientific Project

<p>The Paleogene Adriatic carbonate platform(s) existed within the Central NeoTethys (around 32 N paleolatitude) from the Danian to the late Eocene (Bartonian/Priabonian) and produced a succession of limestones up to 500 m thick, rich in larger benthic foraminifera (LBF). The Eocene sediments are widely distributed along the eastern Adriatic coast and have been studied for many years. Taking into account the climatic changes that took place within the Eocene (Early Eocene and Middle Eocene climatic optima, known as EECO, MECO), special attention was paid to the composition of shallow-marine foraminiferal assemblages. The studies reveal the following trends: (1) the alveolinid-dominated assemblages were replaced by nummulitid-dominated assemblages around the MECO; (2) the greater species and morphological diversity (spherical, ellipsoid, extremely elongated fusiform) of the alveolinid fauna was evident at the EECO; (3) the nummulitid-dominated fauna was characterized by less diversified assemblages compared to the alveolinid ones and by the co-occurrence of scleractinian corals, coralline red algae and aborescent foraminifera. The occurrence of twin embryos has been assigned to the early Eocene in the alveolinid populations, especially in Alveolina levantina and A. axiampla (in some sections, the frequency is greater than 5%), and these coalesced embryos have the same size as the single form (usually they are smaller). The LBF assemblages of Middle Eocene showed a greater frequency of doubled adult tests (Orbitolites sp., Nummulites sp.). The origin of these unusual morphologies is poorly known, usually described as the results of stressful conditions. Considering the timing of the appearance of such morphologies, temperature and associated changes in the shallow-marine environment could be the cause.</p><p>This study is carried out as part of the scientific project IP-2019-04-5775 BREEMECO, funded by Croatian Scientific Foundation.</p>

Organic geochemical characteristics of coal deposits in Mae Than coal mine, Lampang Province, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patthapong Chaiseanwang ◽  
Piyaphong Chenrai
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽  
Normal Alkanes ◽  
Lampang Province ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Input

<p>Fifteen samples were collected from coal mines Mae Than basins located in Lampang Province, Northern Thailand to investigate organic geochemical characterization which can provide organic matter input, thermal maturity and depositional environment. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the coal samples ranges from 30.12 to 73.71 wt. %, while shales and mudstones value between 5.98 – 24.87 wt. %. The extractable organic matter (EOM) content of all samples, which is yielded from bitumen extraction, values in the range of 1,256 and 16,421 ppm indicating good to excellent hydrocarbon generation potential. The organic geochemical data were studied by using Gas-chromatography Mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) providincg biomarker and non-biomarker data. The thermal maturity of studied samples is represented as immature stage due to ratio of Ts/(Ts+Tm) and homohopane isomerization. The distribution of normal alkanes is predominantly long-chain normal alkanes with odd-numbered carbon. The high Carbon Preference Index (CPI) value of samples indicates terrestrial organic matter input. The depositional environment of the study area can be interpreted that the coal formation is occurred within an oxidizing condition with the majority of higher plant input, whereas shale and mudstone is slightly more anoxic-aquatic environment.</p>

Age and depositional environment of the Rock River coal basin, Yukon Territory, Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. F. Long ◽  
A. R. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Palynological Assemblage ◽  
Latest Eocene

Poorly exposed Late Eocene strata in the Rock River basin, 115 km northeast of Watson Lake, accumulated in an intermontane valley with a geometry and history controlled by subsidence associated with the Rock River Fault. The sequence, as seen in one outcrop and five borehole sections, is dominated by drab mudrocks with minor sandstones and some thick lenses of coal. The mudrocks accumulated in floodplain marsh and pond settings associated with a low-gradient, possibly anastomosed, fluvial system. River banks were stable owing to the abundance of plant roots in the channel walls. Although channel sandstone and conglomerate were not identified in the core, the abundance of coarsening- and fining-upwards sets of sandstone of splay origin indicates pronounced levee development. Woody coals accumulated in areas well away from the main channel, in a series of elongate forested swamps, which were periodically inundated by flood water.The overall palynological assemblage is typical of the Eocene and Early Oligocene. A Late Eocene age is inferred from the presence of Gothanipollis in combination with the absence of index species for the Early–Middle Eocene and the latest? Eocene and Oligocene. The low miospore diversity indicates a temperate climate. The dominance of the palynological assemblage by Taxodiaceae–Cupressaceae pollen indicates wet–humid conditions.

scholarly journals FORAMINIFERAL STUDY OF NKPORO SHALE EXPOSURES, CALABAR FLANK (SE NIGERIA): AGE AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
Asukwo Essien Itam ◽  
Victoria Inyang Emeka ◽  
Chimezie Ndunagum Emeka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
Foraminíferos Bentónicos

Foraminiferal analysis of the sedimentary deposits of Nkporo shale exposed at PAMOL along Calabar/Odukpani Road, in the Calabar Flank, Southeastern Nigeria, was investigated in order to determine its geological age and paleoenvironmental conditions. The lithology is predominantly composed by shale with traces of siltstone and sandstone. Shale is generally light to dark grey, occasionally light brown, sub-fissile to fissile, moderately hard, carbonaceous, and slightly ferruginous. Results of foraminiferal analysis showed that the samples consist predominantly of arenaceous/agglutinated benthic foraminifera. Calcareous planktic foraminifera are absence and calcareous benthic taxa are almost absence of calcareous. The occurrence of the following foraminifera taxa Ammobaculite sp., Haplophragmoides sahariense, Haplophragmoides talokaense, Trochammina sp., Trochammina dustuna, Ammobaculites amabensis and Bolivina sp. suggest that sediments in the study area were deposited during the Maastrichtian age. The paleo-depositional-environment should occur in transitional marine settings, probably a marsh/lagoon. In the study area, calm hydrodynamic conditions prevailed. They favored the accumulation of fine-grained sediment and organic matter which gave rise to oxygen scarcity. The environment would be stressful for benthic foraminifera not only because of oxygen scarcity but also due to the variability of water salinity (hypo to hypersaline). ESTUDO DE FORAMINÍFEROS DOS FOLHELHOS DE NKORHO, CALABAR FLANK (SE DA NIGERIA): IDADE E AMBIENTE DEPOSICIONAL ResumoA análise de foraminíferos dos depósitos sedimentares do folhelho Nkporo expostos em PAMOL ao longo da estrada de Calabar/Odukpani, em Calabar Flank, sudeste da Nigéria, foi estudada tendo em vista determinar sua idade relativa e condições paleoambientais. A litologia é predominantemente composta por folhelho com camadas de siltito e arenito. O folhelho é, em geral, cinza claro a escuro, ocasionalmente marrom claro, sub-físsil a físsil, moderadamente consolidado, carbonáceo e levemente ferruginoso. Os resultados da análise dos foraminíferos mostraram que as amostras estudadas contêm predominantemente foraminíferos bentónicos arenáceos/aglutinantes. Não foram encontrados foraminíferos planctónicos, estando também quase ausentes táxons bentónicos com carapaça constituída por carbonato de cálcio. A ocorrência dos seguintes taxa Ammobaculites sp., Haplophragmoides sahariense, Haplophragmoides talokaense, Trochammina sp., Trochammina dustuna, Ammobaculites amabensis e Bolivina sp. sugerem que os sedimentos na área de estudo foram depositados durante o Maastrichtiano (Cretaceo superior). A sedimentação deverá ter ocorrido em ambiente marinho de transição, provavelmente em pântanos/lagoas. Na área de estudo, prevaleceram condições hidrodinâmicas calmas que favoreceram o acúmulo de sedimentos finos e matéria orgânica, que originou a escassez de oxigênio. O ambiente seria estressante para os foraminíferos bentónicos, não só devido à escassez de oxigênio, mas também devido à variabilidade da salinidade da água (hipo a hipersalina). Palavras-chave: Bioestratigrafia. Foraminíferos Bentônicos. Aglutinantes. Maastrichtiano. Cretáceo. Ambiente marinho de transição.

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